The document discusses building chatbots using IBM Watson. It provides an overview of IBM Bluemix and IBM Watson, including how Watson was developed and commercialized. It also discusses Watson's capabilities in natural language processing, machine learning, and cognitive computing. The document reviews Watson's ecosystem and common use cases for various companies. It examines SDKs for building conversational interfaces and the limitations of current natural language understanding technologies. Finally, it describes the key components of Watson Conversation for developing chatbots, including intents, entities, and dialog flow.

1. Building Chatbots
with
IBM Watson
Ashish
Twitter: @ashish_fagna

2. Google Trends : AI & ML

3. Future of AI and Robotics
source: http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2014/08/Future-of-AI-Robotics-and-Jobs.pdf
AI and Robotics will be
integrated into nearly every
aspect of most people’s
lives.
~Pew Research Centre’s Report
These technologies will be
integrated so completely as to
be nearly invisible to most
users most of the time.
~Pew Research Centre’s Report
~
~Pew Research Centre’s Report

4. Chatbot Ecosystem
Ever growing platforms

5. • Source: http://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/grad/keepingCurrent/HowWatsonWorks.pdf
UseCase: Customer Support

6. Companies : Use Cases
Company Use Cases
Luminoso
Analyze customer feedback to proposed product design changes; review how consumers
feel about food items or grocery store experience
AlchemyAPI
Assist claims management (insurance and warranty), technical support, product returns
(complaint management), brand and product intelligence, retention management, and complex
question answering
Digital Reasoning
Scan up to billions of communications from thousands of traders to spot language patterns
and identify potentially fraudulent activity
Highspot Assist users in finding content within the enterprise and within cloud-based applications
Lumiata Enable medical professional to interrogate the underlying “clinical model of [the] patient”
Next IT Assists with Customer Service
IPSoft Assist with service desk support, help field engineers troubleshoot, and support procurement
Automate customer service and support using artificial intelligence and natural language

7. IBM Bluemix
1. IBM Bluemix is a cloud platform as a
service (PaaS) developed by IBM.
2. It supports several programming
languages and services as well as
integrated DevOps to build, run, deploy
and manage applications on the cloud.
3. Bluemix is based on Cloud Foundry
open technology and runs on
SoftLayer infrastructure.

8. IBM Watson
1. Named after IBM's first CEO, Thomas J. Watson.
2. Was developed to answer questions on the quiz
show Jeopardy! and, in 2011, competed
on Jeopardy against former winners Brad
Rutter and Ken Jennings winning the first place prize
of $1 million.
3. Watson had access to 200 million pages of structured
and unstructured content consuming
four terabytes of disk storage.
4. In February 2013, IBM announced that Watson
software system's first commercial application would
be in lung cancer treatment.

9. Watson Wins over Jeopardy

10. IBM Watson
• In January 2014, IBM announced the formation
of the IBM Watson Group, headed by Senior
Vice President Michael Rhodin.
• IBM committed $1 billion to the initiative,
creating a 2,000-person business unit focused on
building, marketing, and delivering cognitive
computing solutions.
• Approximately one-third of IBM’s research
resources will be dedicated to Watson.
• IBM is investing $100 million in a venture fund
to support the development of Watson-enabled

11. Watson’s Competitors
A Combination of platforms focussing on :
• Natural Language Processing (NLP),
• Artificial Intelligence (AI).

12. NLP and AI Platforms
1. Amazon Alexa
2. Facebook’s Wit.ai
3. Google’s Api.ai
4. IBM’s Watson
5. Microsoft Luis (Language
Understanding Intelligent Service)
6. Apple’s Sirikit
7. Recast.ai
8. Kueri.me
9. Snip.ai

13. SDK Benchmarking
• Overall preference goes to Wit.ai from Facebook and LUIS from Microsoft, as they provide all
the necessary elements for building conversations and they are free (at least for now).
• Api.ai is preferred to build end-to-end solutions that requires less code. This is also a good
option if you need embedded capabilities, avoiding dependence on an internet connection.
• Alexa Skills Kit is proprietary for Amazon Echo devices, therefore you can’t use it with
arbitrary bots at Slack or Facebook Messenger for language processing, but it is ideal for smart
home bots that augment your kitchen or living room environment, and which are built
specifically for Alexa.
source: https://snips.ai/content/sdk-benchmark-visualisation/

14. Limitations of NLU SDKs
• Currently there is no solution that doesn’t misinterpret user
queries, and no solution that understands every query.
• Machines haven’t reached yet the level of human
performance when it comes to NLU.
• These solutions lack robustness when it comes to variations
in how things are asked.
source: https://snips.ai/content/sdk-benchmark-visualisation/

15. IBM Watson Offers
Deep Cognitive
Computing Capabilities
Watson uses natural language
processing, machine learning, and
evidence-based hypotheses and scoring.
Enabling Hardware
Watson’s processing power and
storage capabilities deliver cognitive
functionality in real time.
Support Community
IBM is building the Watson Partners
Program around its Watson offering—
including app developers, content
providers, and service providers.

16. Watson’s Evolution
Source : https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-ibm-watson-client.pdf

17. The Watson Ecosystem
• Watson Ecosystem is a marketplace where Watson
related products and services can be sold.

18. Watson Usage Pattern
source: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-
deloitte/us-ibm-watson-client.pdf

19. Conversation Service
Three Main Components

20. Intents
1. Intents: What a user would intent to do ?
• marked with #, example #TurnOf, #OrderPizza
• example: “Order a Pizza for me!”

21. Entities
2. Entities: what entities are there in user’s input ? (The list of
subjects that Watson will recognise during conversation)
• marked with @, example, @appliances, @toppings
• example: “Add cheese as toppings”

22. Dialog
3. Dialog: It sets the conversational flow. It allows you to specify
sequences of questions and typical answers on these questions.
• example: a response from your application could be
“ok, what else toppings you would like to add ?”

23. Watson Conversation
Workspace

24. Workspace Credentials

25. Demo
IBM Watson Chatbot

26. IBM Bluemix Pricing

27. Resources for developers
• https://console.bluemix.net/docs/services/conversation/develop-
app.html#developing-your-application
• https://conversation-demo.mybluemix.net/
• https://blog.stamplay.com/build-a-restaurant-reservation-messenger-bot-using-ibm-
watson-with-no-code-912745bafa7
• http://stamplay.com

28. Thanks
Ashish
Twitter: @ashish_fagna