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1. Buddhist Councils (धम्म संगीति)
Sachin Kr. Tiwary

2. Buddhist
Councils
What is
Council ?
Why
Buddhist
Councils ?
Number of
Buddhist
Councils ?
Purpose of
Buddhist
Councils ?
विशिष्‍ट‍संगठन‍या‍काययक्रम‍के ‍
संचालन‍हेतु‍परामियदाता‍व्‍यक्ततयों‍
का‍समूह; सलाहकार‍पररषद
संगीतत‍का‍अर्य‍है‍'सार्-सार्‍गाना'
स्रोि-
1. चुल्लिग्ग,
2. दीपिंि,
3. सुमगलविलाशसनी
4. महाबोधििंि,
5. महािस्तु,
6. मञ्जुश्रीमूलकल्प,
7. तारानार्,
8. ह्िेनतसांग,
9. पररतनिायणसूत्र,
10. काश्यपसंगीततसूत्र

3. Four
Buddhist
Councils
समय
Time
स्र्ान
Place
संरक्षक
Patron
अध्यक्षता/
काययिाहक
Headed
कारण
Reason
पररणाम
Result

4. First Buddhist Council-
• Time- 483 BCE
• Place- Vaibhar hill of Rajgir,
(According to Lokottarvad)
• Saptaparni Cave/Nyagrodh Cave
(According to Mahavansh)
• Indrashala Cave of Gridhakuta hill
(According to Ashwaghosh) , all
are in Rajgir, Bihar
• Patron- Ajatashatru (493-462 BCE) of
Haryanka dynasty, Bihar
• Headed/Presided- Mahākāśyapa
• Reason- Its objective was to preserve
the Buddha's sayings (suttas) and the
monastic discipline or rules (Vinaya).
• Result- The Suttas were recited
by Ananda, and the Vinaya was
recited by Upali.

5. Second Buddhist Council-• Time- 383 BCE
(About 100 years after the Nirvana of Lord Buddha)
• Place- Balukaram Monastery of Vaishali, Bihar
• Patron- Kalashoka of Shaishunaga dynasty
• Headed/Presided- Sarvakami/Sabbakamir
• Reason-
• Clash between Eastern and Western followers
• According to the traditional Theravadin account Dashkalpa/१०‍िस्तुओं‍के ‍तनणयय‍के ‍शलए
िंधग-लिण-कल्प (Storing salt in a horn),
द्वि‍अंगुल-कल्प (Eating after midday),
ग्रामांतर-कल्प (Eating once and then going again to a village for alms),
आिास-कल्प (Holding the Uposatha Ceremony with monks dwelling in the same locality),
अनुमत-कल्प (Carrying out official acts when the assembly was incomplete),
आचीणय-कलप (Following a certain practice because it was done by one's tutor or teacher),
अमंधर्त-कल्प (Eating sour milk after one had his midday meal),
जलोगीपान-कल्प (Consuming strong drink before it had been fermented),
अदिक-कल्प (Using a rug which was not the proper size),
जातरूप-रजत-कल्प (Using gold and silver).
• Result- Division – Theravadi and Mahasanghik sects.

6. Third Buddhist Council-
• Time- 251/53 BCE (About 236 years after the Nirvana of
Lord Buddha- Mahavasha and Deepvansha)
• Place- Pataliputra, Bihar
• Patron- Ashoka (268 to 232 BCE) of Mauryan dynasty,
Bihar
• Headed/Presided- Moggliputta Tissa
• Reason- 18 विशिन्न‍बौद्ि‍संप्रदायों‍का‍आवििायि
• Result-
• The third part of the Tripitaka was coded in the Pali
language.
• Construction of Several Stupa,
• Erecting of Pillars,
• Issuance of Inscription.

7. Dispatch of several
missionaries to distant
regions:
Mahinda to Sri Lanka
Majjhantika to Kashmir and Gandhara
Mahadeva to Mahisa-mandala (possibly
modern Mysore region)
Rakkhita to Vanavasa
Dhammarakkhita the Greek to Aparantaka
(western India)
Maha-dhamma-rakkhita to Maharashtra
Maharakkhita to the Greek country
Majjhima to the Himalayas
Soṇa and Uttara to Suvaṇṇabhūmi (possibly
Lower Burma and Thailand)

8. Four Buddhist Council- 02
• Time- 100-200 CE
• Place-
• The first one at Sri Lanka by Theravadin.
• The second at Kashmir by Sarvastivadan.
• Kundalvan of Kashmir (Acc. to Taranath)
• Jalandhar of Punjab (Mongolian Buddhist Text)
• Patron- Kanishka (CE 127-151) of Kushan dynasty
• Headed/Presided- Vasumitra and Co-Presided by Ashwaghosh
• Reason- Different opinion on a single question. Ideologically different divisions.
• Result-
• Re-writing of Tripitak on the copper plates
• Clear cut division of Hinayana and Mahayana
• Compilation of Abhidharma Mahāvibhāṣa Śāstra
• Emergence of Mahayana

9. Any Question ?