theories of bioadhesion or mucoadhesion, advantages and disadvantages of buccal delivery, mechanism of drug permeation,

1. Faculty of Pharmacy, BBDNIIT
Lucknow
Buccal Drug Delivery System
Presented by-
Manish Kumar Singh
(M.Pharm I Year)
Presented to-
Ms. Neelam Datt
Sr. Assistant Professor

2. Introduction
 Buccal delivery is defined as drug administration through the
mucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa).
 Two sites within the buccal cavity have been used for
administration-
1. Sublingual route : Under the tongue e.g. Nitroglycerine.
2. Buccal delivery : Site for drug delivery between cheeks.
Mucosa has a rich blood supply so it is highly permeable.
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3. Buccal Delivery
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4. Sublingual Route
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5. Structure of Buccal
Mucosa
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6. Theories of Bioadhesion
or Mucoadhesion
• Several theories have been proposed to explain the
fundamental mechanism of adhesion.
1. Diffusion Theory.
2. Wetting Theory.
3. The Electronic Theory.
4. The Adsorption Theory.
5. The Fracture Theory.
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7. 1. The Diffusion Theory : Interpenetration and
entanglement of bioadhesive polymer chain and mucous
polymer chain produce semipermanent adhesive bond is
supported by the diffusion theory.
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8. 2. Wetting theory :
Wetting theory is predominantly applicable to liquid bioadhesive
systems and analyzes adhesive and contact behaviour in terms of
a liquid to spread over a biological system.
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9. 3. Electronic Theory :
The hypothesis of the electronic theory relies on the assumption
that the bio adhesive material and the target biological material
have different electronic structure.
Assumption- when two material come in contact with each other,
electron transfer occur in an attempt to balance level, causing the
formation of a double layer of electrical change at the
bioadhesive-biological material interface.
4. The Adsorption Theory :
The adsorption states that the bioadhesive bond formed between
an adhesive substrate and tissue or mucosa is due to vander waals
forces are individually weak, the shear number of interaction can
as a whole produce intense addhesive strength.
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10. 5. The Fracture Theory :
This theory analyzes the force required to separate two
surface after adhesion.
The maximum tensile stress (Sm) produced during
detachment can be determined by dividing the maximum
force of detachment (Fm), by the total surface area (Ao)
involved in the adhesive interaction.
Sm = Fm / Ao
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11. Advantages :
1. The drug is not subjected to the destructive acidic environment of the stomach.
2. Rapid onset of action.
3. The drug enters the general circulation without first passing through the liver.
4. Buccal drug delivery has a high patient acceptability compared to other non oral
route.
5. Reduce multiple administration of drug.
6. Improvement in patient compliance.
7. Drug release for prolonged period of time.
8. Maximized absorption rate due to close contact with the absorbing membrane.
9. Medicament can be easily administered and removed in adverse condition.
10.Oral cavity is easily assessable so better to use.
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12. Disadvantages :
1. Drugs which are unstable at buccal pH cannot be administered.
2. Drugs which have a bitter taste or unpleasant taste or an obnoxious odor
or irritate the mucosa cannot be administered by this route.
3. Drug required with small dose can only be administered.
4. Eating and drinking may become restricted.
5. Can not give to children.
6. Can not give in diseased condition.
7. Continuous secretion of saliva leads to dilution of drug.
8. Low permeability of buccal membrane specifically when compared to
the sublingual route.
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13. Mechanism of Drug Permeation
1. Passive Diffusion –
• Transcellular
• Paracellular
2. Endocytosis –
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• Receptor mediated
3. Carrier mediated
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14. References :
1. Mathiowitz E., Chickering III D.E., Lehr C.M., “Bioadhesive Drug
Delivery System, Fundamental, Novel approach & Developments”,
Volume-98, Published by Marcel Dekker, INC, New York, Page no- 1-7.
2. Swarbrick J., Boylan J.C., “Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology,
2nd Edition, Volume-I, Published by Marcel Dekker, INC, New York,
Page no- 800.
3. N.G.Raghavendra Rao et al (2013). Overview on Buccal Drug Delivery
Systems. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Vol.5(4), 2013,
80 – 88.
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