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The etiology of
orthodontic root
resorption
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What could be the reason(s) for
Regina T.’s root resorption?
Most likely uncontrolled tipping of the
maxillary incisors and canines, in an
effort to eliminate the large overjet. As a
result of the exclusive use of round arch
wires for this procedure, the root apices
moved through the labial bone plate, and
into the vestibular mucosa.
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What could be the reason(s) for
Regina T.’s root resorption?
Fenestrations in the labial bone plate are
created by osteoclasts that resorb the
bone as the root apex is being pushed
into it. Once the fenestration occurs, the
apex moves into the vestibular soft
tissues, and becomes a prime target for
clastic action, being the only mineralized
tissue in the area.
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What could be the reason(s) for
Regina T.’s root resorption?
Palatal root torque with rectangular wires
was implemented, in order to restore
proper root angulation. Root torque in
this fashion usually generates traumatic
forces. All of these unwarranted apical
movements could have been avoided by
adherence to proper mechanical
principles that would have tipped the
roots controllably.
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What could be the reason(s) for
Regina T.’s root resorption?
Therefore, it is logical to conclude that in
Regina’s case, excessive root resorption,
which ultimately led to the loss of her
maxillary six front teeth, was a direct
outcome of the application of faulty
mechanics by her orthodontist.
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Beck’s conclusions about the etiology
of orthodontic root resorption
Prime causative factors are
endocrinological imbalances that affect
bone metabolism, particularly reduced
function of the pituitary and thyroid
glands, and increased activity of the
parathyroid glands. Bone diseases, such
as arthritis, are also implicated.
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What should a dentist expect to
find when examining a new
patient, who had received
orthodontic treatment?
Resorbed (short) roots, of
course!
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The molecular basis of
orthodontic root resorption
d. The arrival in the strained PDL of
immune cells, which interact with all cell
types, including odontoclasts, by
elaborating inflammatory mediators,
such as IL-1α.
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Clinical characteristics which
have been identified as high
risk factors for orthodontic
root resorption
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