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Assignment
PROGRAM B.Sc IT
SEMESTER FIRST
SUBJECT CODE & NAME BT0066-Database ManagementSystems
CREDIT 3
BK ID B0950
MAX.MARKS 60
Note – Answerall questions.Each questionis followedbyevaluationscheme.
Q1. Explainentityand attributesin E-R diagram. Explainthe importance of E-R diagram.
Answer: - Entity in E-R diagram:- An entity is something that exists in itself, actually or hypothetically. It
need not be of material existence. In particular, abstractions and legal fictions are usually regarded as
entities.Ingeneral,there isalsonopresumptionthatanentityisanimate.
Sometimes, the word entity is used in a general sense of a being, whether or not the referent has
material existence,e.g.,isoftenreferredtoasan
Q2. Whyrelational data model is important? Explainthe terms relationand tuple.
Answer:- Important of Relational data model:- The relational model for database management is a
database model based on first-order predicate logic, first formulated and proposed in 1969 by Edgar F.

2. Code. In the relational model of a database, all data is represented in terms of tuples, grouped into
relations.A database organizedintermsof the relationalmodel isarelational database.
Diagram of an example database according to the
Q.3 What is the system catalog in RDBMS? Also explain what information is stored in the system
catalog.
Answer:- system catalog in RDBMS: The database catalog of a database instance consists of metadata in
which definitions of database objects such as base tables, views (virtual tables), synonyms, value ranges,
indexes,users,andusergroupsare stored.[1][2]
The SQL standardspecifiesauniformmeanstoaccessthe
Q.4 Explainsemantics of TRC querieswith examples.
Answer:- semantics of TRC queries:- Tuple calculus is a calculus that wasintroduced by Edgar F. Codd as
part of the relational model, in order to provide a declarative database-query language for this data
model. It formed the inspiration for the database-query languages QUEL and SQL, of which the latter,
although far less faithful to the original relational model and calculus, is now the de-facto-standard
database-query language; a dialect of SQL is used by nearly every relational-database-management
system.Lacroix andPirotte proposeddomain
5. Explaindata fragmentationwith an example.
ANSWER : Data fragmentation occurs when a collection of data in memory is broken up into many
pieces that are not close together. It is typically the result of attempting to insert a large object into
storage that has alreadysufferedexternal fragmentation.
For example, files in a file system are usually managed in units called blocks or clusters. When a file
systemiscreated,there isfree space tostore file

3. 6. Describe the approaches for incorporating object orientationcapabilitiesindatabases.
ANSWER : Computer sciences has gone through several generation of database management starting
with indexed files and later, network and hierarchical data base management systems (DBMS).More
recently, relational DBMS revolutionised the industry by providing powerful data management
capabilities based on few simple concepts. Now, we are on the verge of another generation of database
systemcalledObjectorientedDBMSbasedon
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