This document provides an outline for a research proposal on analyzing the performance of a switched reluctance machine operating in generating mode. The proposal aims to 1) conduct finite element analysis and MATLAB simulations of a switched reluctance generator, 2) mitigate acoustic noise and torque ripple using intelligent controllers, and 3) optimize firing angles using a firefly algorithm. The expected results are reduction of torque ripple and noise, and verification of simulations through laboratory experiments coupling the generator to a wind turbine. A timeline outlines milestones over 24 months including literature review, modeling, experimentation, results analysis, and publications.

1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SWITCHED
RELUCTANCE MACHINE OPERATING IN GENERATING
MODE
Presented By:
GODSPOWER SABASTINE BRUNO
Application ID: 20220001568
Applying Semester: Spring 2022
Applied Program: MSc. in Electrical Power Engineering
Presented To:
Prof. Sobhy Adhelkader,
Egypt-Japan University Of Science and Technology (E-JUST)

2. OUTLINE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Statement of Problem
3. Aims and Objectives of the Research
4. Literature Review
5. Methodology
6. Expected Results
7. Proposed Timeline for the Research
8. References

3. INTRODUCTION
• Global warming is a major challenge to the world today and most power generating plants use fossil
fuels which is a major contributor to greenhouse gases.
• The constant emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere has caused deflection in the ozone layer.
• Wind energy is a great resource of renewable energy which is the alternative source of fuel to
hydrocarbon and shows great signs for reducing adverse environmental effects.
• There are several types of generators that be coupled to wind turbines to convert the kinetic energy of
wind into electrical energy. They are a doubly-fed induction generator, permanent magnet synchronous
generator, and Switched Reluctance Generator.
• Switched Reluctance Generator in comparison with other existing generators used for wind power
generation and the hybrid electric vehicle shows most favorable potentials such as low production cost,
good fault-tolerant, ruggedness, high starting torque, wide operation speed capability, and high torque-
inertia ratio . It has the problem of torque ripple, acoustic noise and vibration.

4. INTRODUCTION
• The Switched Reluctance Generator is simple in structure. It has both Rotor and Stator parts which are
both made of laminated iron.
• The Rotor is brushless and has no winding of any kind. The Stator has a winding which is concentric
coils wound in series on diagonally opposite stator poles. The different phase windings on the stator are
separately excited.
 Due to the absence of windings on its Rotor, it experiences less loss and less heat is generated when
compared to other generators used for wind power generation.
 It is finds relevance in wind power generation, aircraft starters and generators, hybrid electric vehicle
and industrial automation
Switched Reluctance Machine [1]

5. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
 There is a large emission of carbon into the atmosphere and this has caused an
imbalance in our ecosystem. Most sources of energy involve the burning of fuel which
releases carbon gas into the atmosphere. Wind energy is environmentally friendly. All
generators used in wind farms have limitations.
 Double-fed induction generator has the problem of rotor losses, brush maintenance,
and grid support
 A permanent magnet synchronous generator has the problem cost due to the high cost
of a rare-earth permanent magnet.
 Switched Reluctance Generator has the potential to perform better than other types of
existing Wind energy generators. But has the problem of control for a stable operation
due to its nonlinear nature of flux distribution. And this causes high torque ripple,
acoustic noise and makes its control very difficult.
Due to the nonlinear distribution of flux, Switched Reluctance Generator has a problem
of acoustic noise, torque ripple and difficulty in control

6. • To carry out Performance analysis of Switched Reluctance Machine operating in its
generating mode
• Finite Element Analysis design and simulation of the Switched Reluctance generator
using ansys software
• MATLAB design and simulation of Switched Reluctance Machine operating its
generating mode
• Mitigation of acoustic noise and torque ripple using intelligent controllers such as
sliding mode or fuzzy logic controllers
• Optimization of the firing angle of the Switched Reluctance Generator using Firefly
optimization algorithm for optimal performance
• Verification of simulated result through practical laboratory design and
experimentation of the switched reluctance generator coupled to a wind turbine
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

7. There are lots of reviews on the performance analysis of a Switched Reluctance Motor but little has been
done on the control of a Switched Reluctance Generator. Below are some of the notable contributions to
the development of the Switched Reluctance Generator.
Zeki and Ceren [2] in their study on the control of switched reluctance generator in power system
application for variable speed, simulating the output voltage control of a switched reluctance generator
using a PI voltage controller on a MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The obtained simulated result was
compared to the experimental result and it was observed to be similar. It is also proven from their work
that changes in phase current are affected I the choice of turn-on and turn-off angle.
Kim and Ha [3] in their work on the speed controller of an SRM, were able to significantly reduce the
problem torque ripple and enhance high control performance by optimizing a PID controller with the
help of a Genetic optimization algorithm
Pillay et.al [4] proposed a new method of minimizing the problem of torque ripple of an SRM which is
based on the control of the sum of the square of the phase currents. The method makes use of two
current sensors and analog multipliers. A sliding mode controller was used to control the speed.
LITERATURE REVIEW

8. Methodology
The system comprises of controller unit, control logic, power converter circuit and Switched Reluctance
Generator.
The software component of the Switched Reluctance Generator include
• Finite Element Analysis Software
•MATLAB/SIMULINK Software
The hardware Component of the
Control of Switched Reluctance Generator

9. The hardware component of the Switched Reluctance Generator includes
• Controller circuit
• control logic circuit
• encoder
• power electronic converter
• Laptop
SWITCHED RELUCTANCE GENERATOR MODELLING
• Mechanical section
𝑻𝒆 − 𝑻𝑳 = 𝑱
𝒅𝒘
𝒅𝒕
+ 𝑩𝒘
Block diagram of the mechanical section

10. • Magnetic Characteristics Section
𝑽𝒔= 𝒊𝒔𝑹𝒔 +
𝒅∅
𝒅𝒕
𝒅∅
𝒅𝒕
= 𝑽𝒔 − 𝒊𝒔𝑹𝒔
𝒅∅ = 𝑽𝒔 − 𝒊𝒔𝑹𝒔 𝒅𝒕
Integrating both sides
∅𝒔 𝒕 =
𝟎
𝒕
𝑽𝒔 − 𝒊𝒔𝑹𝒔 𝒅𝒕
Block diagram of the magnetic section

11. Inductance based mathematical modeling of a
Switched Reluctance Generator
𝑽𝒂 = 𝑹𝒂𝒊𝒂 + 𝑳𝒂
𝒅𝒊𝒂
𝒅𝒕
+ 𝒊𝒂𝝎𝒎
𝒅𝑳𝒂
𝒅𝒕
𝑽𝒃 = 𝑹𝒃𝒊𝒃 + 𝑳𝒃
𝒅𝒊𝒃
𝒅𝒕
+ 𝒊𝒃𝝎𝒎
𝒅𝑳𝒃
𝒅𝒕
𝑽𝒄 = 𝑹𝒄𝒊𝒄 + 𝑳𝒄
𝒅𝒊𝒄
𝒅𝒕
+ 𝒊𝒄𝝎𝒎
𝒅𝑳𝒄
𝒅𝒕
𝟎 = −𝝎𝒎 +
𝒅𝜽
𝒅𝒕
𝑻𝑳 =
𝟏
𝟐
𝒅𝑳𝒂 𝜽, 𝒊
𝒅𝜽
𝒊𝒂
𝟐
+
𝒅𝑳𝒃 𝜽, 𝒊
𝒅𝜽
𝒊𝒃
𝟐
+
𝒅𝑳𝒄 𝜽, 𝒊
𝒅𝜽
𝒊𝒄
𝟐
− 𝑱
𝒅𝒘
𝒅𝒕
− 𝑩𝝎
Where
𝟏
𝟐
𝒅𝑳
𝒅𝜽
𝒊 = 𝒖

12. STATE SPACE REPRESENTATION OF THE MACHINE EQUATION
𝑉
𝑎
𝑉𝑏
𝑉
𝑐
𝑇𝐿
0
=
𝑅𝑎 0 0 0 0
0 𝑅𝑏 0 0 0
0 0 𝑅𝑐 0 0
𝑖𝑎𝑈𝑎 𝑖𝑏𝑈𝑏 𝑖𝑐𝑈𝑐 −𝐵 0
0 0 0 −1 0
𝑖𝑎
𝑖𝑏
𝑖𝑐
𝜔
𝜃
+
𝐿𝑎 0 0 0 𝑖𝑎
𝑑𝐿𝑎
𝑑𝜃
0 𝐿𝑏 0 0 𝑖𝑏
𝑑𝐿𝑏
𝑑𝜃
0 0 𝐿𝑐 0 𝑖𝑐
𝑑𝐿𝑐
𝑑𝜃
0 0 0 −𝐽 0
0 0 0 0 1
𝑖𝑎
𝑖𝑏
𝑖𝑐
𝜔
𝜃

13. Mitigation of acoustic noise and torque ripple
Optimal performance of the generator through optimization of the firing angle
using Firefly optimization technique
Control and stability of the transient characteristics such as the peak overshoot,
steady-state, rise time, delay time and settling time of the generated output
Fully coupled to a wind turbine to verified simulated results
EXPECTED RESULTS

14. PROPOSED TIMELINE FOR THE RESEARCH
MILESTONES Project months
0-6 7-10 11-15 16-20 21-24
Sourcing and reviewing of
literatures
Finite element analysis of
the Generator and
collating of magnetic data
MATLAB/SIMULINK
design and simulation of
SRG
Experimental verification
of simulated result
Results analysis,
documentation,
presentation, conferences
and publication

15. REFERENCES
[1] K. A. C. Chirapo, A. L. Oliveira, A. J. Sguarezi Filho, A. Pelizari, S. G. Di Santo, and E. C. M. Costa, “P+RES
Controller Applied to the Direct Power Control of Switched Reluctance Generator,” J. Control. Autom. Electr. Syst.,
vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 360–366, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40313-019-00543-1.
[2] Z. Omaç and C. Cevahir, “Control of switched reluctance generator in wind power system application for
variable speeds,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 2665–2672, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.01.009.
[3] R. S. Wallace and D. G. Taylor, “A Balanced Commutator for Switched Reluctance Motors to Reduce
Torque Ripple,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 7, no.4, pp. 617- 626,1992.
[4] P. Pillay, Y. Liu, W. Cai, and T. Sebastian, “ Multiphase operation of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,”
IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Conference Record, pp. 310-317, 1997.

16. THANK YOU