This document contains summaries of texts about patriarchy, kyriarchy, and intersectionality. It discusses how patriarchy has traditionally been conceptualized as a universal system of male domination, but more recently has been reconceptualized as a variable and differential system that intersects with other forms of oppression like racism and classism. It introduces the terms "kyriarchy" and "intersectionality" which provide frameworks for understanding how people experience multiple, overlapping forms of oppression and can be both oppressed and privileged in different contexts. It emphasizes that all forms of oppression should be challenged and that individuals should "check their privilege" and consider how their advantages may affect their perspectives and actions.
Intersectional theory proposes that we should think of each element or trait of a person as inextricably linked with all of the other elements in order to fully understand one's identity.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel's Book Review of "Towards Politics of IMpossible-The Body...VIBHUTI PATEL
TOWARDS POLITICS OF THE (IM) POSSIBLE- The Body in Third World Feminism by Anirban Das, U.K.: Anthem Press, 2012, pp. xxii +211, $ 99/ Rs. 495/60 pounds (Paperback).
Book Review by Vibhuti Patel
This philosophically nuanced work examines discourse on ‘women’s question’ with profound theoretical rigour. The book highlights contemporary debate among feminists in the context of post-coloniality. It deconstructs body, gender and identity projected by the feminist standpoint theory. It provides critical reflection on inter-sectionality of social construction of ‘body’ and ‘others’ in the context of power relations and scientific rationality. The book enriches our understanding on ‘third world feminism’ by questioning ‘embodied knowledges’. The author makes an honest effort to delineate ethical priorities in foundational structuring of heterogeneous feminist efforts to question universal forms of knowing and enhances reader’s understanding on power dynamics.
Intersectional theory proposes that we should think of each element or trait of a person as inextricably linked with all of the other elements in order to fully understand one's identity.
Feminism emerged as a movement and body of ideas that aimed to enhance women’s status and power. Simply put, feminism affirms women’s equality with men, and rejects patriarchy.
Prof. Vibhuti Patel's Book Review of "Towards Politics of IMpossible-The Body...VIBHUTI PATEL
TOWARDS POLITICS OF THE (IM) POSSIBLE- The Body in Third World Feminism by Anirban Das, U.K.: Anthem Press, 2012, pp. xxii +211, $ 99/ Rs. 495/60 pounds (Paperback).
Book Review by Vibhuti Patel
This philosophically nuanced work examines discourse on ‘women’s question’ with profound theoretical rigour. The book highlights contemporary debate among feminists in the context of post-coloniality. It deconstructs body, gender and identity projected by the feminist standpoint theory. It provides critical reflection on inter-sectionality of social construction of ‘body’ and ‘others’ in the context of power relations and scientific rationality. The book enriches our understanding on ‘third world feminism’ by questioning ‘embodied knowledges’. The author makes an honest effort to delineate ethical priorities in foundational structuring of heterogeneous feminist efforts to question universal forms of knowing and enhances reader’s understanding on power dynamics.
FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS 1.Berger and Luckmann state that we ar.docxcharlottej5
FINAL EXAM INSTRUCTIONS
1.
Berger and Luckmann state that we are born into an 'objective social structure' and that we have only a limited ability to subjectively appropriate and interpret it for ourselves. Discuss how the categories of race, gender, and class predate any one individual, and how we are bound to identify ourselves in relation to them. To what extent can an individual redefine themselves in relation to these categories, and what are the possible social sanctions they may face for doing so?
Try to make your answer around 500 words, and cite any pertinent sources from the course.
2.
Though Sociologists have long studied race, class, gender, and other categories of identity, those who argue for the merits of Intersectional Theory claim that it offers a distinct advantage in understanding the power of such categories. What do you believe is that advantage? Put in terms of this course, how would studying diversity through the lens of Intersectional Theory give you a better understanding than studying diversity without it?
Try to make your answer around 500 words, and cite any pertinent sources from the course.
3.
Matters of race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality are often in the public eye, and tend to be at the center of many passionate (and unfortunately even violent) conflicts. While discussing diversity in the context of institutions and organizations remains important, it is as important to ask to what extent we accept diversity and difference as a society. One such case occurred August 11th, 2017 when a white nationalist group marched in protest of the potential removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee from the campus of the University of Virginia. Local organizations such as the NAACP and citizens of the town had argued that the statue (erected in 1924) needed to be removed as it was a symbol of the enslavement and oppression faced by blacks in the South. You may read more details of the case at the following link:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/13/us/charlottesville-rally-protest-statue.html
Using the knowledge you've accumulated in this course, write a short letter to the editor of your local newspaper arguing why or why not you believe the removal of the statue from public view is in the interest of cultivating a more diverse society. Make sure to use the concept of microaggression and standpoint theory, including definitions. Do not use quotes to explain; use your own words. Try to make your response between 750-1000 words, and cite at least two scholarly sources from course readings or your own research to support your argument.
9/28/2017 Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought in the Matrix of Domination
http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/252.html 1/11
Documents menu
http://www.runet.edu/~lridener/courses/BLKFEM.HTML
Black Feminist Thought in the Matrix of
Domination
From Patricia Hill Collins, Black Feminist Thought:
Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of
Empowerme.
Feminists Family TheoryHistory, Ideas, Postulates and An.docxssuser454af01
Feminists Family Theory
History, Ideas, Postulates and Analyses
Family Feminists Theory essentially has its roots in feminist theory.
It is essential to acknowledge that there are several types of feminism.
Feminism in general is—
The organized movement which promotes equality for men and women in political, economic and social spheres.
Feminists believe that women are oppressed due to their sex—
patriarchy is the system which oppresses women;
ridding society of patriarchy will result in liberation for all.
As an ideology, feminism has existed in at least five waves.Some ideas of early theorists can be seen in some of these developments.1st Wave Early feminism 1700s—1920s2nd Wave Sufferage 1920s—1940s3rd Wave Modern 1950s—1960s4th Wave Reformation 1970s—1980s5th Wave Post Modern 1990s—now
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759—1797) was one of the first women to rebel against the idea of separate spheres.Public—men (finances, legal, politics, industry, struggle)Private—women (home, childcare)She saw these spheres as debilitating and reductionist.Wollstonecraft believe that these spheres kept women pretty, uneducated, and emotionally passiveThis meant that women could never be equal to men.
By the end of the 19th Century feminism started to develop as a major political movement known as women’s sufferage.During the 2nd Wave feminism was strongly supported by Simone de Beauvoir and Virginia Woolf.These two women are often called the “mothers of feminism.”
They were the first to attack and theoretically comment on women’s opporession
Simone de Beauvoir said, “one is not born but rather becomes a woman.”
She made this statement based on her distinctions between sex and gender.
Beauvoir became the first person to apply Hegel’s master—slave dialectic to the power relation between men and women.
In Hegel’s dialectic here is a struggle between self and other. The dependence of the other clashes with each self’s wish to be autonomous.Once self asserts its superiority and imposes recognition of his power of oppression on the other who submits—In other words, the master needs the slave to confirm his power—if he destroyed the other there would be no one to recognize him as master.Feminism in the 3rd Wave (contemporary) is committed to progressive or emancipatory goals of achieving equality for women in direct opposition to the Hegelian Master/Slave dialectic.
Modern feminism began in the 1960s concurrent with the Civil Rights and anti-Vietnam War protests—Issues wereequal pay for womenjob training for womenreproductive choicematernity leavesubsidized childcareend of sex discrimination.
The modern feminists movement generated several types of feminism
Liberal feminism
Marxist (Social) feminism
Radical feminism
Socialist feminismEach perspective examined the issues of subjugation and devaluation of women via male hegemonic systems.Each examined the laws and customs that that served to restrict and/or reduce women’s roles in society.
Libera ...
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3. GROUP EXERCISE
Name the Brotherhoods and Sisterhoods in Blood Red Road.
In what ways do they exemplify the qualities we discussed on
the first day?Write down your responses as a group. Find
evidence to support. We will discuss this in about 15 minutes.
4. Patriarchal Society (This full essay is listed under Critical Essays on our
website)
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/feminism/a/patriarchal.htm
FeministTheories of Patriarchy
By Linda Napikoski, with contributions by Jone Johnson Lewis
.
Definition: Patriarchal (adj.) describes a general structure in
which men have power over women. Society (n.) is the entirety
of relations of a community. A patriarchal society consists of a
male-dominated power structure throughout organized society
and in individual relationships. The concept of patriarchy has
been central to many feminist theories.
5. What is Patriarchy? (FullText is available on our website
under critical essays)
by Malise Rosbech
http://www.newleftproject.org/index.php/site/article_comments/what_is_patriarchy
“It is perhaps one of the most used terms in feminist discourse,
but the concept of patriarchy has a history that we need to
address. Not only has it got the potential of excluding and
discriminating against other groups of people, it is also
sometimes reactionary and anti-feminist. Feminism should
abandon the concept of patriarchy and instead look towards the
future of an intersectional feminism.”
6. “Patriarchy has more recently undergone a welcomed
reconceptualization. Rosemary Hennesy, for example, describes
patriarchy as a system by which more social resources ‘accrue to men as a
group at the expense of women as a group’ but that patriarchy is a
‘variable and historical social totality in that its particular forms for
organizing social relations, such as work, citizenship, reproduction,
ownership, pleasure, and identity, have had a persistent effect on
heterogendered structures in dominance at the same time these
structures vary and are sites of social struggle.’ She even differs between
bourgeois, postmodern and public patriarchy.” Rosbech
7. “Now, this conception allows more room for understanding the historical
and cultural context. What is important to notice in this conceptualization,
is that patriarchy becomes differential. That is, when patriarchy is
variable in a context, it can be theorized how it works in concert with for
example a racial system of white supremacy or the class system. This
could for example mean that we could understand how some men have
more patriarchal powers than others, and that not all men equally benefit
from patriarchy. In this way patriarchy is only one out of many forms of
oppression and it should always be understood and theorized in
conjunction with other oppressive structures.” Rosbech
8. “Yet, the issue here is that it never loses its universality of
oppression; although it is a variable, the bottom line is that men
dominate women. According to this understanding of patriarchy we
would only be able to theorize how some men are ‘lesser patriarchs’
than other men, but never how a woman can inhabit the role of the
patriarchal oppressor. In reality this understanding of patriarchy
doesn’t take us much further than the Radical Feminist sex/gender
distinction inasmuch as it does not fully theorize how cis-women
(women whose gender matches the sex they were assigned at birth)
can and do participate in the oppression of other women and
minorities. The latest example is the exclusion of trans*-women
from the Radical Feminist meetings.” Rosbech
9. “‘Kyriarchy’ is a neologism (a newly coined word or expression)
coined by Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza to denote interconnected
oppressing systems in which a person or a group of people might be
dominated or oppressed in some relationships but privileged in
others. Kyriarchy is the intersectional extension of the concept of
patriarchy, but one that does not rely on the inherent dualism of the
sex/gender distinction. Kyriarchy encompasses sexism, racism,
homophobia, trans*phobia, classism, ableism, cissexism and other
forms of hierarchical structures that has been institutionalized or/and
internalized. The currently very popular term ‘intersectionality’ is the
study of these intersections of oppression and domination.” Rosbech
10. “There are at least two very important contributions the concept of
intersectionality brings to the feminist discourse and struggle. Firstly, that
all forms of oppression should be challenged and fought against. This is of
course a much more inclusive concept than patriarchy, recognizing the
wider struggle against all domination. Secondly, that experiences of
domination differ and overlaps. That is to say that one form of oppression
cannot be separated from another, for example, sexism can be racialized
and racism sexualized. You can therefore not say that a black woman
experiences racism as something separate from sexism. The sexism that
black women face is often shaped by their gender. Although both black
and white women, abled and disabled women, middle class and working
class women experience sexism, it is significantly different in form.”
(Rosbech)
11. “This of course is where the three words 'check your privilege'
come into the picture. While intersectionality is the study of
intersections, ‘check your privilege’ is an everyday statement that
can remind individuals of any structural social advantages they
might have by position, birth or other, such as being a man, white,
cis or wealthy. ‘Check your privilege’ is just a reminder of how
privilege might have affected what you have said or done. The
purpose and measure of kyriarchy and intersectional studies is to
understand the power and tendencies to silence, oppress and
minimize others.” (Rosbech)
12. From bell hooks: "Visionary feminism is a wise and loving politics. It is rooted in the
love of male and female being, refusing to privilege one over the other. The soul of
feminist politics is the commitment to ending patriarchal domination of women and
men, girls and boys. Love cannot exist in any relationship that is based on domination
and coercion. Males cannot love themselves in patriarchal culture if their very self-
definition relies on submission to patriarchal rules. When men embrace feminist
thinking and practice, which emphasizes the value of mutual growth and self-
actualization in all relationships, their emotional well-being will be enhanced. A
genuine feminist politics always brings us from bondage to freedom, from lovelessness
to loving."
Also from bell hooks: "We have to constantly critique imperialist white supremacist
patriarchal culture because it is normalized by mass media and rendered
unproblematic.” Napikoski
13. Discussion topic
Find and name the Patriarchies/Kyriarchies/Intersectionalities in
Blood Red Road. Who is oppressed?Who is the oppressor?What
recourse do the oppressed have? Who is in control? How do
they maintain it? Can you map out the power structures in any
way? Can one be both a contributing member to the patriarchy
and at the same time a victim of it?
Where/when/how does that happen in our text?
14. I can’t resist the love triangle/ quadrangle. Find a quote fromThe New Dystopian
Woman that illustrates the conflicts that the dystopian women face as they deal
with their personal feelings versus the role they feel they should play versus their
own confused feelings abut developing sexuality.
Compare Saba’s feelings about Lugh (p. 3, 17-19, 32-33, 80,
266-267)
With her feelings about De Malo: p. 139-140, 188-190,
And Jack: 179-180, 219-222, 246-247, 262-268, 282-285, 300-
304, 318-319, 323, 334-336, 362-365
How would you describe her feelings? To what do you attribute
them all?
15. Homework
■ Finish the book.
■ Prepare for the Jeopardy game.
■ Start thinking about how you would like to address the possible topics for the short
paper on Blood Red Road.