The document discusses broadband policies and universal access to telecommunications services in Latin America, highlighting the challenges and disparities in internet access among different income levels and regions. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive broadband development policies that consider factors beyond just infrastructure, such as human development. Additionally, it outlines various existing initiatives and financing arrangements for universal access within member countries, while underscoring the importance of policy credibility and institutional management.

1. Broadband policies and policies geared towards universal access in telecommunications services in Latin America. Agenda pending Roxana Barrantes Instituto de Estudios Peruanos Diálogo Regional sobre Sociedad de la Información

2. Jordán, V. Galperin, H. y Paredes, W. (2010), Acelerando la revolución digital: banda ancha para América Latina y el Caribe , CEPAL, http://www.eclac.cl/cgi-bin/getProd.asp?xml=/publicaciones/xml/7/41727/P41727.xml&xsl=/ddpe/tpl/p9f.xsl&base=/elac2015/tpl/top-bottom.xsl Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), El acceso universal a las telecomunicaciones y su vínculo con las políticas de banda ancha en América Latina, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/832 Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), Desarrollo de la banda ancha en la región andina: Estudio comparativo de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/864 Barrantes, R. y Agüero, A. (2010), Estudio sobre la Banda Ancha en Perú, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/865 Albornoz, M. y Agüero, A. (2011), El estado de la Banda Ancha en Ecuador, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/849

3. Barrantes, R. (2010), Políticas de desarrollo de Banda Ancha, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/863 Aranha, M. Laender, G. Fernandez de Lima, L y Gomes, A (2010), Políticas de administración del espectro y acceso universal a las comunicaciones. El caso de Brasil, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/661 Flores-Roux, E. Mariscal, J. y Aldama, F. (2010), Política de Generación de Infraestructura de Telecomunicaciones en México: Una Crítica, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/592 Flores-Roux, E. y Mariscal, J. (2010), Oportunidades y desafíos de la banda ancha móvil, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/830 Galperin, H. y Ruzzier, C. (2010), Las tarifas de banda ancha: benchmarking y análisis, DIRSI, http://dirsi.net/node/828

4. Motivation Regulatel 2006 Study 2010: Bandwidth Bandwidth and Universal access: Challenges Contents

5. Compared to the OECD or to key countries worldwide, as a region and on a per-country basis, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) lag behind. Internal inequalities in access to services 1. Motivation

6. Fixed telephony

7. Fixed telephony

8. Mobile telephony

9. Mobile telephony

10. Access to the Internet

11. Access to the Internet

12. Subscribers to Broadband connections

13. Internal gap: Internet access by richer HH is 47 times access by the poorest HH By income quintile Source: ECLAC/CEPAL, Information Society Observatory, based on national HH surveys. Most recent year avaiable.

14. Supply gap: Lack of coverage Internet access by urban/rural HH Source: ECLAC/CEPAL, Information Society Observatory, based on national HH surveys. Most recent year avaiable.

15. I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Internet Decil de ingreso Televisión de paga Telefonía fija Telefonía móvil Fuente: INEGI, ENIGH 2008 Mexico

16. Peru Porcentaje de hogares con tel é fono fijo, celular, TV cable e Internet seg ú n deciles (% del decil) Fuente: ENAHO 2009

17. Peru: Internet use by Income Decile Enaho 2008

18. With liberalization and privatization, and given LAC economic inequality, policy credibility relied on designing and implementing some kind of Universal Access Policy. Access vs Service: Different set of policies and resources Regulatel 2006 Study Gap Model Policies 2. Regulatel Study

19. Gap model

20. Gaps by country - Mobile

21. Gaps by country - Broadband

22. 2006- Several arrangements to finance universal access Ad hoc Funds and/or Tresury 12 out of 19 Regulatel member countries: Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Perú y República Dominicana. Costa Rica and Uruguay –State-led initiatives Neither arrangement per se guarantees goal achievements. Brasil, Chile - Institutions and management are key

23. Broadband is the cool word in telecommunications Access to the Internet dominates the discussion Broadband ecosystem: Infrastructure Contents Appropriation 3. 2010 -Broadband

24. Broadband ecosystem Source: Jordán y De León 2010

25. Broadband:useful for the provision of social services Source: Jordán y De León 2010

26. Universal Access policies have focused on the so-called “basic” services Public Internet Access included in few of them –implemented even in fewer countries! Broadband policies: design stage Internet access or Digital policies abound Money accumulated in funds –pale when gauged against the goal. 4. Broadband and Universal Access: Challenges

27. What kind of policies are we talking about? Broadband development policies must be comprehensive. Must tackle broadband development not only as an engineering problem but as a problem of human development. The vision of broadband development is that of an ecosystem comprising: conectivity / Infrastructure Applications / Contents Use / Appropriation

28. Broadband policies in LAC Fiber Optic bid in Mexico Spectrum management policies in Brasil National Broadband development policies

29. Resources currently available in funds

30. Changes in UA financing policies Recently created funds in Costa Rica, Bolivia and Panama Mexico: discussion about setting up a fund. Changes in source of funds: Argentina, Guatemala, and Paraguay. Change of goal in Colombia. Change of administrator in Peru

31. ICT Regulation Kit from infoDev and UIT – backbone Open existing networks to competitors and wholesale offerings. UA funds should be used to build backbone infrastructures. Infrastructure sharing is important –coverage expansion to poor areas could be easen by cost sharing.

32. Thanks! [email_address] www.dirsi.net