The document summarizes the national emblems and royal dynasties of Britain, including England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It discusses the patron saints and floral symbols of each country: England is represented by St. George and the Tudor rose, Scotland by St. Andrew and the thistle, Wales by St. David and the daffodil, and Northern Ireland by St. Patrick and the shamrock. It provides some historical context behind how each symbol came to represent its respective country.

1. British' Royal Dynasties and National Emblems
The Symbols of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
Sarif Syamsu Rizal
sarif.syamsu.rizal@dsn.dinus.ac.id
English Language and Linguistics Study Program
Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Dian Nuswantoro

2. British’ Royal Dynasties
1. Wessex (802-1016)
2. Denish (1016-1042)
3. Saxons (1042-1066)
4. Normans (1066-1141),
5. Plantagenet (1154-1399),
6. Lancaster (1399-1461),
7. York (1461-),
8. Tudor (1485-),
9. Stuart (1603-),
10. Hanover (1714-1901),
11. Windsor (1901-present)

9. The Symbolic Blooms and Saints of Britain: Secrets of
National Flowers
Many countries around the world have adopted a flower as
part of their national emblem, usually chosen for historical
or cultural reasons. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland
and Wales are represented by the rose, the shamrock, the
thistle and the daffodil respectively. Read on to learn about
each of these plants, and discover how they earned their
patriotic status. Each country in Britain has its own patron
saint and floral emblems.

10. England: Tudor Rose and St. George
 England's patron saint is St George, who has
become a symbol of the country. St George's Day is
England's national day and is celebrated on 23 April
each year. According to the legend, St George
killed a dragon and saved a princess when he was a
soldier in the Roman army. That's why he has come
to represent bravery. He is respected not only by
the English, but by Christians in Israel, Greece and
Russia and also by Muslims.
 The national flower of England is the rose, but not
just any rose. The Tudor rose was adopted by Henry
VII as England’s emblem of peace at the end of the
War of the Roses, the civil wars between the royal
house of Lancashire, who wore a red rose, and the
royal house of York, who wore white. The Tudor
rose, which combined both, came to symbolize
peace between the houses. A red rose is used by
sports teams like the England Rugby Union team,
while the stylized image of the Tudor rose is seen
on the dress uniforms of the guards at the Tower of
London and in the royal coat of arms.

11.  Wars of the Roses, (1455–85), in English history, the series
of dynastic civil wars whose violence and civil strife
preceded the strong government of the Tudors.
 Fought between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the
English throne, the wars were named many years
afterward from the supposed badges of the contending
parties: the white rose of York and the red of Lancaster.

12. Scotland: Thistle And St. Andrew
 St Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland
and he is celebrated on 30 November.
This is called St Andrew's Day. He is also
the patron saint of Romania, Greece,
Russia, Ukraine and Poland. Some people
might mark St Andrew's Day by going to a
special type of party called a ceilidh -
pronounced "kay-lee" - where there's
usually plenty of traditional Scottish
country dancing. Traditional food may be
eaten, such as cullen skink - which is a
type of fish soup - or lamb.
 Scotland - St. Andrew - the Thistle and
Scottish Bluebell
The national flower of Scotland is the
thistle, a prickly-leaved purple flower
which was first used in the 15th century
as a symbol of defense. The Scottish
Bluebell is also seen as the flower of
Scotland.

13. Wales: Daffodil and St. David
 St David's Day honors the patron saint of
Wales, Dewi Saint. It is celebrated every
year on 1 March by the people of Wales,
and others around the world. On the day,
many people choose to wear Welsh
national symbols, such as a daffodil or
leek.
 The national flower of Wales is the
daffodil, which is traditionally worn on
St. David’s Day. The vegetable called leek
is also considered to be a traditional
emblem of Wales. There are many
explanations of how the leek came to be
adopted as the national emblem of
Wales. There is much debate about how
the daffodil came to be named the
national flower of Wales – but the clue
could be in the title. The leek was the
traditional emblem of Wales until the
19th-century. The Welsh name for
daffodil Cenninen Pedr translates literally
as ‘Saint Peter’s Leek’, which may have
led to the confusion. It may also be
because it blooms in early spring,
coinciding with St David’s Day on March
1, when the flower is traditionally worn.

14. Northern Ireland: Shamrock and St. Patrick
 Saint Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland and is celebrated
for bringing Christianity to the country. Ireland celebrates St
Patrick's Day on 17 March. Saint Patrick's Day started as a
religious feast to celebrate Saint Patrick's work, but it's grown
to be an international festival of all things Irish. People take
part in parades and dancing, eat Irish food, and enjoy firework
displays. The day is also famous for people wearing
shamrocks, dressing up as bearded Irish fairies called
leprechauns, and wearing all green.
 The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock, a
three-leaved plant similar to clover. An Irish tale tells of how
Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity.
He used it in his sermons to represent how the Father, the
Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist as separate elements of
the same entity. His followers adopted the custom of wearing
a shamrock on his feast day. Not to be confused with the lucky
charms of the four-leaf clover, the three-leaf shamrock is
a registered trademark of the Republic of Ireland, and is also
unofficially regarded as the national symbol of Northern
Ireland. Its distinctive three-leaf foliage is said to have been
used by St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, as a metaphor
for the Holy Trinity of the father, the son and the Holy Spirit.
Although by no means a showy flower, clover is increasingly a
popular addition to wildflower meadow bouquets and
arrangements.