Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (MPMP)- Crimson Publishers
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Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (MPMP) by SSEH Elnashaie* in Research & Development in Material Science
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Opinion
One of the main techniques for pollution control and achieving
green technology is to achieve MPMP. Almost all catalytic reactions
in the Petroleum refining and petrochemical industry are reversible
and therefore their conversion is limited by the thermodynamic
equilibrium. This conservative limitation can be broken by using
selective membranes to remove one of the products. In this couple
of pages editorial this revolutionary concept leading to MPMP
is used for the dehydrogenation reaction where the selective
membranes are used for the perm-selective removal of hydrogen
[1-3]. These membranes have 100% selectivity for the removal of
hydrogen. Most efficient configuration is when in the other side
of the membrane is a hydrogenation reaction and the flows in
the two sides of the membrane are counter-current. Such MPMP
for catalytic reactors is essential part of Sustainable Development
Engineering (SDE) which is an important subsystem of Sustainable
Development (SD). The removal of one, or more, of the products
relaxes this limitation and increases the conversion of the reaction;
this relaxation increases as the removal of the product(s) is
increased. The optimal utilization of this approach leads to MPMP
approaching green technology and is a part of SDE. This editorial is
concentrating on the removal of hydrogen from a dehydrogenation
reaction, mainly ethyl-benzene to styrene [1-3], using hydrogen
perm-selective membranes. The rate of hydrogen removal from the
reaction side depends upon the type of the membrane and also the
hydrogen driving force between the two sides of the membranes.
This driving force increases when there is a hydrogenation reaction
in the other side of the membrane. In this editorial a hydrogenation
reaction of nitrobenzene to aniline is taking place on the other side
of the membranes.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram for this novel integrated
membrane reactor. Figure 2 shows the hydrogen profiles for both
co-current and counter-current configurations. For counter-current
case, feed is from the right for the hydrogenation compartment;
otherwise all feeds are from the left. The counter-current is
obviously more efficient.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing integrated reactor
configuration.
Figure 2: Hydrogen profiles for different configurations/
sides.
SSEH Elnashaie*
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Canada
*Corresponding author: SSEH Elnashaie, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Vancouver, Canada
Submission: October 26, 2017; Published: November 10, 2017
Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production
and Minimize Pollution (MPMP)
Copyright © All rights are reserved by SSEH Elnashaie.
Opinion
Research & Development in
Material ScienceC CRIMSON PUBLISHERS
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Two-Phase Improves Performance of Anaerobic MembraneBioreact.docx
Two-Phase Improves Performance of Anaerobic Membrane
Bioreactor Treatment of Food Waste at High Organic Loading Rates
Yamrot M. Amha,† Michael Corbett,‡ and Adam L. Smith*,†
†Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los
Angeles, California 90089, United States
‡Divert, Inc., 23 Bradford Street, 3rd Floor, Concord, Massachusetts 01742, United States
*S Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs)
are in use at the full-scale for energy recovery from food waste
(FW). In this study, the potential for two-phase (acid/gas)
AnMBR treatment of FW was investigated as a strategy to
increase microbial diversity, thereby improving performance.
Two bench-scale AnMBRs were operated in single-phase (SP)
and two-phase (TP) mode across incremental increases in
organic loading rate (OLR) from 2.5 to 15 g total chemical
oxygen demand (COD) L·d−1. The TP acid-phase (TP-AP)
enriched total VFAs by 3-fold compared to influent FW and
harbored a distinct microbial community enriched in
fermenters that thrived in the low pH environment. The TP methane phase (TP-MP) showed increased methane production
and resilience relative to SP as OLR increased from 3.5 to 10 g COD L·d−1. SP showed signs of inhibition (i.e., rapid decrease in
methane production per OLR) at 10 g COD L·d−1, whereas both systems were inhibited at 15 g COD L·d−1. At 10 g COD L·
d−1, where the highest difference in performance was observed (20.3% increase in methane production), activity of syntrophic
bacteria in TP-MP was double that of SP. Our results indicate that AnMBRs in TP mode could effectively treat FW at OLRs up
to 10 g COD·L day−1 by improving hydrolysis rates, microbial diversity, and syntroph activity, and enriching resistant
communities to high OLRs relative to AnMBRs in SP mode.
1. INTRODUCTION
As landfills rapidly reach capacity in the US and elsewhere,
diversion of organic wastes is expected to become the norm.
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs), which combine
anaerobic treatment with membrane separation, have emerged
as a sustainable food waste (FW) management strategy with
reduced environmental footprint relative to landfilling and
composting, while also providing energy recovery via biogas
production.1 Compared to conventional anaerobic digesters
(ADs), membrane separation in AnMBRs decouples solid
retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT),
enabling operation at longer SRTs. This can be advantageous
for FW management due to the high organic content and
temporal heterogeneity in waste characteristics. The long SRT
and membrane separation drastically improves effluent quality
relative to conventional AD, an important feature in
decentralized FW management where effluent discharge to
local publicly owned treatment works is necessary. AnMBRs
may also permit operation at higher OLR than ADs, a critical
parameter that dictates system capacity and reactor dimen- ...
2014_CP
This document reports on a study investigating the influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) on the aggregation behavior of aqueous solutions of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C16MeImCl), a cationic surface active ionic liquid (SAIL). Electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements were used to study C16MeImCl aggregation in the presence of NaCMC. Two characteristic concentrations were identified before free C16MeImCl micelles form: the critical aggregation concentration and the polymer saturation concentration. The effects of temperature, NaCMC concentration, and NaCMC charge density on C16MeImCl self-aggregation were analyzed. Thermodynamic parameters of C16MeImCl mic
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor - A Review
This document reviews the development and use of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for wastewater treatment. Some key points:
- The ABR was developed in the 1980s as an alternative to systems like the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. It provides better resilience to shocks and longer biomass retention times.
- Various modifications to the original ABR design have been made to improve performance, such as narrowing downflow chambers, adding settling zones, and using different packing materials. These modifications aim to enhance solids retention and the reactor's ability to treat more difficult wastewaters.
- A key advantage of the ABR is its
Synthesis, Evaluation, Modeling and Simulation of Nano-Pore NAA Zeolite Membr...
ABSTRACT
Zeolite membranes have uniform and molecular-sized pores that separate molecules based on the differences in the molecules’ adsorption and diffusion properties. Strong electrostatic interaction between ionic sites and water molecules (due to its highly polar nature) makes the zeolite NaA membrane very hydrophilic. Zeolite NaA membranes are thus well suited for the separation of liquid-phase mixtures by
pervaporation. In this study, experiments were conducted with various Ethanol–water mixtures (1–20 wt. %) at 25 °C. Total flux for Ethanol–water mixtures was found to vary from 0.331 to 0.229 kg/m2 .h with increasing Ethanol concentration from 1 to 20 wt.%. Ionic sites of the NaA zeolite matrix play a very important role in water transport through the membrane. These sites act both as water sorption and transport sites. Surface diffusion of water occurs in an activated fashion through these sites. The precise Nano-porous structure of the zeolite cage helps in a partial molecular sieving of the large solvent
molecules leading to high separation factors. A comparison between experimental flux and calculated flux using Stephan Maxwell (S.M.) correlation was made and a linear trend was found to exist for water flux through the membrane with Ethanol concentration. A comprehensive model also was proposed for the Ethanol/water pervaporation (PV) by Finite Element Method (FEM). The 2D model was masterfully capable of predicting water concentration distribution within both the membrane and the feed side of the pervaporation membrane module.
KEYWORDS
Nano pores; Pervaporation; Ethanol separation; Zeolite NaA membrane; FEM simulation
SYNTHESIS, EVALUATION, MODELING AND SIMULATION OF NANO-PORE NAA ZEOLITE MEMBR...
Zeolite membranes have uniform and molecular-sized pores that separate molecules based on the
differences in the molecules’ adsorption and diffusion properties. Strong electrostatic interaction between
ionic sites and water molecules (due to its highly polar nature) makes the zeolite NaA membrane very
hydrophilic. Zeolite NaA membranes are thus well suited for the separation of liquid-phase mixtures by
pervaporation. In this study, experiments were conducted with various Ethanol–water mixtures (1–20 wt.
%) at 25 °C. Total flux for Ethanol–water mixtures was found to vary from 0.331 to 0.229 kg/m2
.h with
increasing Ethanol concentration from 1 to 20 wt.%. Ionic sites of the NaA zeolite matrix play a very
important role in water transport through the membrane. These sites act both as water sorption and
transport sites. Surface diffusion of water occurs in an activated fashion through these sites. The precise
Nano-porous structure of the zeolite cage helps in a partial molecular sieving of the large solvent
molecules leading to high separation factors. A comparison between experimental flux and calculated flux
using Stephan Maxwell (S.M.) correlation was made and a linear trend was found to exist for water flux
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Ethanol/water pervaporation (PV) by Finite Element Method (FEM). The 2D model was masterfully
capable of predicting water concentration distribution within both the membrane and the feed side of the
pervaporation membrane module.
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SULI_Summer_2016_Research Paper_Ainslie_Kenneth
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Presentation of Berezutskyi 1
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MasterThesisPoster
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Catalysis Presentation
The document discusses various aspects of catalysis. It defines catalysis as the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst. It describes the three main types of catalysis as homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzymatic catalysis. It also discusses catalyst parameters, examples of enzyme catalysis reactions and their mechanisms, and applications of catalysis in areas like environment, green chemistry, catalytic converters, ozone depletion, chemical industry, food processing, and fine chemicals.
7th Asian Pacific Congress on Catalysis (APCAT), 2017: Catalysis for Sustaina...
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Globally, the demand for industrial catalysts is driven by the surging demand for chemicals in various end applications in industries such as personal care products, lubricants, petroleum refinery, pharmaceuticals and foods & beverages. Growing awareness among manufacturers of chemicals and consumers, related to environment and increasing emissions impacting the eco system have led to highly intense competition in the global market for catalysts.
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the replacement of mineral dielectric oils by dielectric oils represent a case of improving environmental conditions failure vegetable oils have one much lower biodegradability and are prone to fewer accidents for its high resistance to ignition.
GT_Unit 1_12 principles.pdf
The document discusses the goals and principles of green chemistry, which aims to reduce hazards and environmental impact throughout the chemical process. It provides strategies like employing catalysis to reduce temperature and time, using renewable feedstocks like glucose instead of petroleum, and designing chemicals and processes to be more sustainable, biodegradable and minimize waste. Examples demonstrate how green chemistry approaches can improve atom economy, yield, energy efficiency and safety compared to conventional methods.
IRJET- Characterisation of Grey Water and Treatment using Moving Bed Biof...
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Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
LLM Fine Tuning with QLoRA Cassandra Lunch 4, presented by Anant
Slides for the 4th Presentation on LLM Fine-Tuning with QLoRA Presented by Anant, featuring DataStax Astra
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
Convolutional Neural Network used for image classification
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
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BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION for seminar ppt.pdf
BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
AND CLASSIFICATION USING
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
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Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (MPMP)- Crimson Publishers
- 1. 1/2 Opinion One of the main techniques for pollution control and achieving green technology is to achieve MPMP. Almost all catalytic reactions in the Petroleum refining and petrochemical industry are reversible and therefore their conversion is limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium. This conservative limitation can be broken by using selective membranes to remove one of the products. In this couple of pages editorial this revolutionary concept leading to MPMP is used for the dehydrogenation reaction where the selective membranes are used for the perm-selective removal of hydrogen [1-3]. These membranes have 100% selectivity for the removal of hydrogen. Most efficient configuration is when in the other side of the membrane is a hydrogenation reaction and the flows in the two sides of the membrane are counter-current. Such MPMP for catalytic reactors is essential part of Sustainable Development Engineering (SDE) which is an important subsystem of Sustainable Development (SD). The removal of one, or more, of the products relaxes this limitation and increases the conversion of the reaction; this relaxation increases as the removal of the product(s) is increased. The optimal utilization of this approach leads to MPMP approaching green technology and is a part of SDE. This editorial is concentrating on the removal of hydrogen from a dehydrogenation reaction, mainly ethyl-benzene to styrene [1-3], using hydrogen perm-selective membranes. The rate of hydrogen removal from the reaction side depends upon the type of the membrane and also the hydrogen driving force between the two sides of the membranes. This driving force increases when there is a hydrogenation reaction in the other side of the membrane. In this editorial a hydrogenation reaction of nitrobenzene to aniline is taking place on the other side of the membranes. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram for this novel integrated membrane reactor. Figure 2 shows the hydrogen profiles for both co-current and counter-current configurations. For counter-current case, feed is from the right for the hydrogenation compartment; otherwise all feeds are from the left. The counter-current is obviously more efficient. Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing integrated reactor configuration. Figure 2: Hydrogen profiles for different configurations/ sides. SSEH Elnashaie* Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Canada *Corresponding author: SSEH Elnashaie, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Vancouver, Canada Submission: October 26, 2017; Published: November 10, 2017 Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (MPMP) Copyright © All rights are reserved by SSEH Elnashaie. Opinion Research & Development in Material ScienceC CRIMSON PUBLISHERS Wings to the Research ISSN: 2576-8840
- 2. How to cite this article: SSEH Elnashaie. Brief on Catalytic Reactions to Maximize Production and Minimize Pollution (MPMP). Res Dev Material Sci. 1(5). RDMS.000525. DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2017.01.000525 Research & Development in Material Science 2/2 Res Dev Material Sci References 1. She Y, Han J, Ma YH (2001) Palladium membrane reactor for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. Catal Today 67: 43-53. 2. Hermann Ch, Quicker P, Dittmeyer R (1997) Mathematical simulation of catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene in a composite palladium membrane reactor. J Membr Sci 136: 161-172. 3. Abashar MEE (2003) Coupling of ethylbenzene dehydrogenation and benzene hydrogenation reactions in fixed bed catalytic reactors. Chem Eng Pro 43(10): 1195-1202.