About Bricks industry in India

1. BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA
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Bricks Industry In India

2. Contents
 INTTRODUCTION
 BRICK INDUSTRY
 INDIAN BRICK SECTOR
 BRICK MAKING IN INDIA
 MAKING PROCESS
 PROCUREMENT
 TEMPERING
 MOULDING
 DRYING
 FIRING
 SORTING
 CHALLENGES & ISSUES
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3. INTRODUCTION3
BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

4.  V E R Y L A R G E A N D T R A D I T I O N A L I N D U S T R Y I N A S I A
 M E C H A N I Z E D A N D F U L L Y A U T O M A T E D P R O C E S S I S U S E D
I N D E V E L O P E D C O U N T R I E S
 H I G H C O N S U M P T I O N O F F U E L
 T H E L A R G E S C O P E O F I N C R E A S I N G E F F I C I E N C Y O F
B R I C K K I L N S .
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BRICKS INDUSRY

5. Indian Brick sector
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 2nd Largest producer in the
world after China
 Estimated annual growth
rate is 5-10% p.a.
 Estimated to employ
around 10 million workers
 Have more than 100,000
bricks kilns
 Estimated production is
150-200 billion bricks
annually

6. Brick Making in India
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 History of Brick Making
 A brick is a block made of clay burnt in a kiln.
 One of the oldest primary building materials known to
mankind.
 Burnt bricks were used in ancient Indian, Babylon, Egypt and
Roman civilizations.

7. Bricks
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What is brick ?
a small rectangular block typically made of fired or sun-dried clay,
used as building material
 Types of bricks –
Common Burnt Clay Bricks
Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks)
Engineering Bricks
Concrete Bricks
Fly ash Clay Bricks
 Temperature - 700-1100 ◦c
 Standard size – 190 x 90 x 60 mm

8. Classification of Bricks
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 First class bricks:
Table moulded and of uniform ; surfaces and edges of the bricks
are sharp, square, smooth and straight ; used for important work of permanent nature.
 Second class bricks:
Ground moulded ; Surface & shape is slightly rough and
irrregular:; may have hair cracks and their edges may not be sharp and uniform. These
bricks are commonly used at places where brickwork is to be provided with a coat of
plaster.
 Third class bricks:
Ground-moulded and they are burnt in clamps; not very hard &
have rough surfaces with irregular and blunt edges; used for unimportant works,
temporary structures and at places where rainfall is not heavy.
 Fourth class bricks:
Overburnt bricks with irregular shape and dark colour ;used as
aggregate for concrete in foundations, brick floors, surkhi, roads,

9. MAKING PROCESS9
BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

10. Making The Bricks
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The main steps followed to make a brick are
PROCUREMENT
TEMPERING
MOULDING
DRYING
FIRING
SORTING

11. Making of bricks – 1st Stage
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Procurement-
Clay`s mine & Stored in
the open ;
This will makes the clay soft.
 Tempering-
Clay is mixed with water
to get right consistency for
moulding

12. Making of bricks – 2nd Stage
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 Moulding-
Lump of mix is taken,
rolled in sand & slapped into
the mould.
 Drying- The mould is
emptied onto the drying area,
where the bricks are arranged
in a herring bone pattern to
dry in the sun. Every two days
they are turned over to
facilitate uniform drying and
prevent warping. After two
weeks they are ready to be
burnt

13. Making of bricks – 3rd Stage
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 Firing-
The green bricks are
arranged in a kiln and
insulation is provided with
a mud pack. Fire holes left
to ignite the kiln are later
sealed to keep the heat
inside.
 Sorting-
After the kiln is
disassembled, the bricks
are sorted according to
colour. Colour is an
indication of the level of
burning

14. Bricks Kilns
 Producing 74 % of the
country`s brick
production
 Trench contains 200-
300,000 bricks at a
time
 6-9 m wide, 2-2.5 m
deep, and 100-150 m
long
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BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Bull`s Trench Kiln (BTK) Bull`s Trench kiln (BTK)

15. Challenges & Issues in the Indian Brick Sector15
BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

16. Challenges & Issues
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 Acute environmental pollution
Health issues for involved employs
 Outdated production methods
 High consumption of coal as fuel
 lack of availability of skilled man power
Dominance of single raw material (clay) &
product (solid clay brick)

17. What can we do ??
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We can purpose a better infrastcrue for bricks kilns
which can be more economical .
 we can work on “ how to improve energy efficiency ? ”
We can approach to control Environmental pollution
-
 by substitution of fuel & their quality
 by substitution of raw materials
 By modification of process and process equipments

18. What can we do ??
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 Adoption of cleaner kiln technologies (principally zig-zag
and VSBK)
 Promotion of internal fuel in brick making by
mechanizing the brick making process
 Promotion of mechanized coal stoking systems
 Diversifying products (e.g. production of hollow and
perforated bricks)
 Promotion of modern renewable energy technologies in
brick making

19. Thank you
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