The document outlines the processes and exercises related to breathing, emphasizing the importance of pulmonary ventilation and various breathing exercises for improving cardiorespiratory endurance. It describes the mechanics of breathing, the organs involved, and the goals and instructions for teaching breathing exercises to patients, particularly those with pulmonary diseases. Additionally, it includes warm-up exercises to prepare the cardiovascular system for activity.

1. Breathing Exercise
and Different Warm Up
Exercise Targeting
Cardiorespiratory
Endurance

2. Breathing

3. • The progress that moves air in and out
of the lungs called breathing or
pulmonary ventilation.
• Breathing is only one of the processes
that deliver oxygen to where it is needed
in the body and remove carbon dioxide.

4. Organs that Involved in Breathing
• Nose
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Bronchioles
• Lungs
• Muscles along with diaphragm

5. BREATHING PROCESS
• Breathing starts at the nose. You inhale air into your nose,
and it travels down the back of your throat and into your
windpipe or trachea.
• Trachea then divides into air passages called bronchial
tubes.
• Bronchial tubes pass through the lungs, they divided into
smaller air passages called bronchioles or bronchial tree.
• The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called
alveoli.
• The body has over 300 million alveoli.
• The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels
called capillaries.

7. BREATHING EXERCISE

8. • Breathing ex and ventilatory training are the
fundamental interventions for the prevention
for acute and chronic pulmonary disease
patients with high spinal cord lesion and who
underwent troracic and abdominal surgery
and bedridden patients.
• Studies indicate that breathing exercise and
ventilatory training have affect and alter a
patients rate and depyh of ventilation, so
these technique is used to improve the
pulmonary disease to the patients overall
endurance.

9. GOALS OF BREATHING EXERCISE
• Improve ventilation
• Increase the effectiveness of cough and promote airway
clearance
• To prevent post operative pulmonary complications
• To improve the strength endurance coordination of the
muscles of ventilations
• Maintain and improve chest and thoracic spine mobility
• Promote relaxation and relive stress.
• Assiating in removal of secretions.
• Correct abnormal breathing patterns and decrease the work
of breathing.
• Aid in Bronchial Hygiene—Prevent accumulation of
pumonary secretions, mobilization of these secretions, and
improve the cough mechanism.

10. PRINCIPLES
• Area of exercises
• Explanation and Instruction to the
patient
• Patient Position
• Evaluate the patient
• Demonstration of exercise
• Patient practice

11. Guideline for Teaching Breathing
Exercise
• Choose a quiet area to get a proper interaction with minimal
distraction.
• Explain the patient about the aim and how it works for his
impairment.
• Have the pat: in relaxed position and loosen the clothes, make him in
semi-fowlers position with head and trunk elevated approx: 45dgree (
total support to the head and trunk and flexing the hip and knees
with pillow support) the abdominal muscle become relaxed.
• Observe and access the patients spontaneous breathing pattern
while at rest and during activity.
• Determine whether Rx is indicated or not.
• If necessary teach the patient relaxation techniques, relax the
muscles of upper thorax neck and shoulder to minimize the use of
accessory muscle work.

12. TYPES OF BREATHING
EXERCISE
• Diaphragmatic Breathing
• Glossopharyngeal Breathing
• Purse Lip Breathing
• Segmental Breathing (costal expansion
Exercise)
a. Apical Breathing
b. Lateral Costal Expansion
c. Posterior Basal Expansion

13. DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING
• Diaphragm is the primary muscle for
breathing ( inspiration )
• Diaphragm controls breathing at an
involuntary level, a patient with
primary pulmonary disease like COPD
can be taught breathing control by
optimal use of diaphragm and relaxation
of accessory muscles.

15. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL BREATHING
• It is a means of increasing a patients
inspiratory capacity when there is a severe
weakness of the muscle of inspiration.
• It is taught to patient who have difficulty in
deep breathing.
• It is used primarily for ventilatory dependent
patients due to absent or incomplete
innervation of diaphragm because of high
cervical cord injury or neuromuscular
disorders.

18. SEGMENTAL BREATHING
• It is performed on a segment of lung, or
a section of chest wall that needs
increased ventilation or movement.
• Hypoventilation occur in certain areas of
the lungs because of chest wall fibrosis,
pain after surgery, atelectasis, trauma to
chest wall, pneumonia and post
mastectomy scar.

20. Apical breathing

22. Lateral coastal expansion

24. ADVANTAGE OF SEGMENTAL
BREATHING
• Prevent accumulation of pleural fluid
and secretions
• Decreases paradoxical breathing
• Decrease panic episode
• Improve chest mobility

25. WARM UP
EXERCISE
CARDIOVASCULAR

26. 1. Jump rope – keep your knees slightly bent and jump on the balls of your
feet.
2. High Knees – Land slowly on the balls of your feet and keep your core
tight.
3. Jumping Jacks – Jump up, spread your feet and bring both hands together
above your head. Jump again and return to the starting position.
4. Mountain Climbers – Maintain a plank position during the entire xercise,
keep your core engaged and your hips low
5. Criss Cross Crunhes – Stand with your feet hip-width apart and your
hands behind your head. Bend your right leg and lift your knee as high as
yu can. Roate your torso to the right and bring your right knee to your left
elbow. Repeat on the opposite side and keep alternating sides until the set
is complete.
6. Standing Side Crunch – Shift your weight to the right leg, crunch to the
left side and bring your left knee up toward ypur elbow. Switch legs and
repeat.
7. Alternating Side Lungs – Step out to the side with your leftleg and keep
your right leg straight.touch your left foot with your right hand and repeat
the movement on the right side.

27. 8. Squat Kickback – Squat and as you
stand up, transfer your weight to kickback
with the opposite.
9. Hip Circles – Start with small circles
and keep your hips level with the floor.
10. Bent over Twist – Bend and rotate
your torso, touching each foot with the
opposite hand.