The document discusses inflammatory and proliferative disorders of the breast. It covers topics such as mastitis, fat necrosis, duct ectasia, fibrocystic changes/disease, and nipple discharge. Fibrocystic changes are described as one of the most common breast disorders, characterized by cyst formation, fibrosis, and adenosis. Histopathological features include cysts lined by apocrine epithelium and the presence of calcifications. While fibrocystic changes can mimic carcinoma, they are not associated with an increased risk of cancer when found in isolation.
Testicular tumors are rare.
1 – 2 % of all malignant tumors.
Most common malignancy in men in the 15 to 35 year age group.
Benign lesions represent a greater percentage of cases in children than in adults.
Most curable solid neoplasm
Breast cancer pathology ( Ref: bailey & love 26th edition ) - Abdullah Taskeen
pathology of breast cancer
ductal carcinoma , lobular carcinoma
In situ , Invasiv , vannusclassification
paget disease
inflammatory cancer
local , lymphatic , blood spreading & metastasis
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
Lecture class on pathology of breast for 3rd & 4th year MBBS students based on "Robbins & Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease'. Images are collected from internet.
Testicular tumors are rare.
1 – 2 % of all malignant tumors.
Most common malignancy in men in the 15 to 35 year age group.
Benign lesions represent a greater percentage of cases in children than in adults.
Most curable solid neoplasm
Breast cancer pathology ( Ref: bailey & love 26th edition ) - Abdullah Taskeen
pathology of breast cancer
ductal carcinoma , lobular carcinoma
In situ , Invasiv , vannusclassification
paget disease
inflammatory cancer
local , lymphatic , blood spreading & metastasis
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
Lecture class on pathology of breast for 3rd & 4th year MBBS students based on "Robbins & Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease'. Images are collected from internet.
Like the playlist in YouTube, in this presentation I have combined three of my presentation into one for the benefit of medical students and surgical trainees. The first presentation regading introduction to breast pathologies, second regarding benign breast lesions and the third one is regarding Carcinoma Breast. Hope you will enjoy this.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
2. Pathology
► Lesions preponderantly confined to females
► In males it is a rudimentary structure relatively insensitive
to endocrine influences and apparently resistant to
neoplastic growth
► More complex structure, the greater breast volume, &
extreme sensitivity to endocrine influences, all predispose
female breast to a number of pathologic conditions
► Most breast diseases present as palpable masses,
inflammatory lesions, nipple secretions or mammographic
abnormalities
10. Fat Necrosis
► Focal necrosis of the fat tissue in the breast followed by
inflammatory reaction
► Uncommon lesion
► Tends to occur as an isolated, sharply localized process in
one breast
► Many patients give H/O trauma, prior surgical intervention,
or radiation therapy
11. Fat necrosis
► Morphology-
Gross -hemorrhage in early stages
- central liquefactive necrosis of fat in
later stage
- grey white firm tissue containing
small foci of chalky white or
hemorrhagic debris
18. Duct ectasia
► Occur in 5th or 6th decade of life
► Multiparous females
► Patients presents with poorly defined palpable periareolar
mass
► Associated with thick cheesy nipple secretion
► Morphology
- dilatation of ducts
- inspissations of breast secretions
- marked periductal & interstitial chronic
granulomatous inflammatory reaction
around cholesterol deposits
19. Duct ectasia
- dilated ducts filled by granular, necrotic acidophilic debris
containing lipid laden macrophages
- infiltrates of lymphocytes and histiocytes with
predominance of plasma cells
30. Fibrocystic disease/changes
► Represents single most common disorder of the breast
► Miscellaneous changes of breast involving ducts, lobules,
and stroma
► Clinical incidence approximately 40 to 50% of
patients, “lumps”
► Pathological incidence greater than 60 to 80%
► Terminology - fibrocystic change favoured over
disease
31. Fibrocystic disease/changes
► Accounts for more than half of all surgical operations
► Unusual before adolescence
► Common between the ages of 20-40 yrs with peak at or
just before the menopause
► Hormonal imbalance considered to be the basic to the
development of this multi-patterned disorder
32. Fibrocystic disease/changes
► Excess of estrogen or deficiency of progesterone as seen
in anovulatory women
► Oral contraceptive use decreases the risk as it supplies a
balance source of progesterone and estrogen
33. Fibrocystic dis/changes-
morphology
► Three principal patterns-
- Cyst formation, often with apocrine
metaplasia
- Fibrosis
- Adenosis
► Cysts - large grossly evident ,
- multifocal and bilateral
- cystic dilatation of ducts and lobules
- felt as ill defined discrete nodularities in
the breast
34. Fibrocystic dis/changes-
morphology
- secretory product within the ducts calcify which result in
micro-calcification
- termed as“Blue dome cysts” when unopened and contain
semi-translucent turbid fluid.
- Cysts are lined by polygonal cells with abundant granular
eosinophillic cytoplasm with small round hyperchromatic
nuclei resembling apocrine epithelium of sweat glands
( Apocrine Metaplasia)
- epithelial overgrowth and papillary projections are common
in cysts lined by apocrine metaplasia
35. Fibrocystic dis/changes-
morphology
► Fibrosis
- frequent rupture of cysts
- release of secretory material into adjacent
stroma
- this results in chronic inflammation and
scarring fibrosis
- which contributes to the palpable firmness
of the breast
36. Fibrocystic dis/changes-
morphology
► Adenosis
- increase in the number of acinar units/lobule
(normally seen during pregnancy)
- enlarged gland lumens (blunt duct adenosis)
- calcification present (occasionally)
44. Fibrocystic dis/change- clinical
significance
► In the absence of proliferative disease no risk of
developing cancer
► May mimic carcinoma by producing palpable lumps,
mammographic densities, calcification or nipple discharge
