Histopathological Interpretation of Breast Cancer.pptxMunmun Kulsum
This lecture was prepared while opening of 'Breast Clinic' in Department of surgery , Cumilla Medical college Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh. This was delivered by Dr. Umme Kulsum Munmun, as a resource person in the seminar regarding opening of breast clinic.
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Subclassification into type 1 and type 2 is no longer recommended.
PRCC has classic morphology historically in type 1 category.
Criteria of foamy histiocytes and psammoma bodies is not required.
Many tumors previously diagnosed as type 2 PRCC now constitute independent entities
Endometrial Ca classification and histopathological features , CAP protocol for reporting , grading and staging tumors
Reference - Robbins , Rosai & Ackerman , Sternberg ,Fletcher ,WHO classification of tumors of female reproductive system, CAP
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Histopathological Interpretation of Breast Cancer.pptxMunmun Kulsum
This lecture was prepared while opening of 'Breast Clinic' in Department of surgery , Cumilla Medical college Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh. This was delivered by Dr. Umme Kulsum Munmun, as a resource person in the seminar regarding opening of breast clinic.
This is a concise presentation on the pathology of endometrial cancer based on the latest WHO female genital tumors latest edition, 5th edition
prepared on April 2022
Subclassification into type 1 and type 2 is no longer recommended.
PRCC has classic morphology historically in type 1 category.
Criteria of foamy histiocytes and psammoma bodies is not required.
Many tumors previously diagnosed as type 2 PRCC now constitute independent entities
Endometrial Ca classification and histopathological features , CAP protocol for reporting , grading and staging tumors
Reference - Robbins , Rosai & Ackerman , Sternberg ,Fletcher ,WHO classification of tumors of female reproductive system, CAP
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. INTRODUCTION
The second most common cancer in females world
wide is breast cancer accounting for about 1.4 million
cases each year, with more than 50% of the deaths
occurring in low and middle income countries.
The second leading cause of cancer related deaths in
females is breast cancer world wide.
Breast cancer have doubled in India in the recent
decade.
Tumor type, histological grading (HG), DNA ploidy,
cell proliferation markers, hormone receptor status
and expression of different oncogenes decide the
prognosis of breast cancer.
3. Histological grading (HG) of breast carcinoma
using the Elston-Ellis modification of Scarff
Bloom Richardson (SBR) grading system is a
widely accepted.
Among all the different cytological grading (CG)
methods, Robinson cytological grading system
is widely used.
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being
increasingly used to determine the nature of the
lesion (benign or malignant).
4. STRUCTURE OF THE BREAST
The mammary gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland.
The mammary gland is covered with skin and subcutaneous tissue
and rests on pectoralis muscle, from which it is separated by a
fascia.
Each breast is composed of 15 to 25 independent lobes, within
each lobe of the breast, the terminal ducts combines to form the
main duct.
Each terminal duct and its associated lobule is called a terminal
duct lobular unit (TDLU).
5. HISTOLOGY OF BREAST
A Glandular lobule consists of intralobular ducts surrounded by loose
intralobular connective tissue.
Intralobular ducts are lined by a specialized two layered epithelial cells;
cuboidal to low columnar epithelial cells and basal myoepithelial cells.
11. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR DUCT CARCINOMA
IN CYTOLOGY:
Cellular smear
Malignant epithelial cells arranged in three-
dimensional clusters, syncytium, and acini
Single population of cells
Absence of myoepithelial cells & bare or bipolar
nuclei
Moderate to severe nuclear atypia
Uneven necrosis
Tumor diathesis may be present
Some cases demonstrate cytolpasmic vacuolation or
intracellular lumina
12. ROBINSON CYTOLOGICAL GRADING SYSTEM
SCORE 1 SCORE 2 SCORE 3
Cell Dissociation Mostly in clusters Single cells and clusters Mostly in single cells
Nuclear size 1-2 times the size of
RBC
3-4 times the sizeof RBC >5 times the size of
RBC
Cell uniformity Monomorphic Mildly pleomorphic Pleomorphic
Nucleoli Indistinct/small Noticeable Abnormal
Nuclear margin Smooth Slightly
irregular/folds/grooves
Buds and clefts
Chromatin pattern Vesicular Granular Clumping and
clearing
Grade 1: Score 6- 11
Grade 2: Score 12-14
Grade 3: Score 15-18
14. INVASIVE DUCT CARCINOMA NOS
Microscopy : Tumor arranged in diffuse sheets, well defined nest,
or as individual cells, nuclei may be regular or large pleomorphic
with prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures may be seen depending
on the grade of the tumor. There is marked fibrosis and stromal
hypercellularity
15. TUBULAR CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Well differentiated neoplasm with irregular
angulated tubules with open lumina lined by only one layer of
epithelial cells with mild pleomorphism. The stroma is abundant
and cellular.The nucleus show little pleomorphism with rare
mitoses. For a tumor to be typed as tubular carcinoma , tubular
morphology should comprise >90% of its area
16. MUCINOUS CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Small clusters of regular epithelial cells floating
in a pool of extracellular mucin. The cells are small with darkly
staining nuclei which exhibiting mild pleomorphism. Mitoses are
infrequent.
17. MEDULLARY CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Three main morphologic criteria for diagnosis of
medullary carcinoma :
1. Epithelial cells arranged in interconnecting sheets forming a syncytial
network. Syncytial pattern of growth comprise >75% of tumor. Tumor cells are
large pleomorphic with prominent nucleoli and high mitotic rate.
2. The intervening stroma contains lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate.
3. Grossly evident circumscription, border of the tumor is pushing rather than
infiltrative.
18. MICROPAPILLARY CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Cluster of epithelial cells arranged in a
micropapillary or tubular-alveolar pattern without a fibrovascular
core suspended in a clear space. Cell clusters appear to have an
inside out appearance. This tumor has an increased incidence of
vascular invasion and lymph node involvement.
19. PAPILLARY CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Presence of papillary structures with
fibrovascular cores. Cytologic appearance may be varied. Nuclear
pleomorphism and increased mitosis may be seen.
20. LOBULAR CARCINOMA
Histopathology: Classic variant: Small uniform cells growing in a
single file and in a concentric fashion around the lobules. The
stroma is abundant and fibrous. The individual cells are small
round to ovoid with little cytoplasm with eccentrically placed
nucleus exhibiting mild pleomorphism and infrequent mitoses