The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy (3) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy (3) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Bio progressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bpt (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The treatment of skeletal malocclusion often needs repositioning of maxillary or mandibular arch.
Unlike the conventional means of resorting to orthognathic surgery, current technology enables predictable displacement of entire dental arch mainly based on the relationship between the center of resistance of entire dental arch and the location of the force vector.The clinical implication of the so-called “total arch movement” includes efficient tooth movement without round-tripping during treatment, compliance-free treatment and higher possibility of non-surgical and/or non-extraction treatment in non-growing subjects.The concept of simultaneous movement of the whole dental arch has already been in clinical use for more than a decade.
Sugawara et al. in 2004 introduced the use of miniplates for respective maxillary or mandibular molar distalization with out causing undesired movement of incisors.Jeon etal and Yamada etal propose the simultaneous incisal and molar movement using interradicular miniscrews placed between the 2nd premolar and the 1st molar
Eliminating the need for incisor retraction subsequent to the molar distalization
In order to solve the serious problems of traditional surgical
orthodontic treatment, a new approach was adopted:
the first step is OGS, and this is followed by orthodontic alignment. This approach is named as Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA)
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogessive therapy 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Bio progressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bpt (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The treatment of skeletal malocclusion often needs repositioning of maxillary or mandibular arch.
Unlike the conventional means of resorting to orthognathic surgery, current technology enables predictable displacement of entire dental arch mainly based on the relationship between the center of resistance of entire dental arch and the location of the force vector.The clinical implication of the so-called “total arch movement” includes efficient tooth movement without round-tripping during treatment, compliance-free treatment and higher possibility of non-surgical and/or non-extraction treatment in non-growing subjects.The concept of simultaneous movement of the whole dental arch has already been in clinical use for more than a decade.
Sugawara et al. in 2004 introduced the use of miniplates for respective maxillary or mandibular molar distalization with out causing undesired movement of incisors.Jeon etal and Yamada etal propose the simultaneous incisal and molar movement using interradicular miniscrews placed between the 2nd premolar and the 1st molar
Eliminating the need for incisor retraction subsequent to the molar distalization
In order to solve the serious problems of traditional surgical
orthodontic treatment, a new approach was adopted:
the first step is OGS, and this is followed by orthodontic alignment. This approach is named as Surgery First Orthognathic Approach (SFOA)
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bioprogessive therapy 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Bioprogressive therapy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Bio progressive therapy-MECHANICS SEQUENCE FOR CLASSII DIVISION I CASESIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mechanical sequence for class 2 div 1 cases /certified fixed orthodontic cour...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
clinical application of the miniscrew anchorage system. jco2005Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Space closure by frictionless mechanics 2 /certified fixed orthodontic course...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The stage iii of begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Varisimplex2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Modificationsin begg /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Evolution of orthodontic brackets /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The kamedanized begg technique /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Bio progressive therapy part ii /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. 2
Utility arch.
Mixed dentition treatment
Brackets & Prescriptions
Class II div I
Class II div II
Mechanics for extraction cases.
Finishing and retention.
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3. 3
Roles and functions of
the lower utility arch
Position of the lower molar to allow for
Cortical Anchorage
Manipulation and Alignment of the lower
incisor segments.
Allowing segmental treatment of the buccal
segments
Physiologic roles of the lower utility arch.
Role in mixed dentition
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5. 5
Physiologic Vs Mechanical
Response
Tip back applied to lower
molar-30° to 40 °.
No toe-in in non
extraction utility.
Extraction cases-definite
distal rotation must be
placed .
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8. 8
Physiologic Vs Mechanical
Response
Long lever arm
applied to lower
incisors.
75 gms of intrusive
force.(0.16 x 0.16).
Labial root torque.
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9. 9
Modifications of the Utility Arch
Expansion utility
arch
Force :
1mm= 85 gm
2mm=140 gm
3mm=205 gm
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15. 15
Resolve functional problems
Anything that disturbs the growth, health and
function of the TMJ complex.
In 1950’s Ricketts –used body section x rays
(laminagrphy)
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18. 18
Resolve functional problems
Nine general categories-
1. Cross mouth interferences.
2. Anterior crossbite.
3. Open bite.
4. Excessive range of function.
5. Distal displacement.
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19. 19
Resolve functional problems
6. Loss of posterior support.
7. Habits.
8. Breathing and airway problems.
9. True Class III Growth pattern.
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20. 20
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
This is accomplished
by three ways-
1. Lateral expansion of
the molars.
- Depends on the
inclination of the
posterior teeth.
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21. 21
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
Expansion primarily by
change in axial inclination :
- Rickett’s quad helix
- .040 blue elgiloy wire.
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22. 22
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
With 1cm expansion in the upper molars –
anterior segment are expanded 3cm overall.
Long term functional expansion for atleast a
year or more for stable and demonstrable
changes to occur in the lower arch.
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25. 25
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
Expansion by mid palatal dysfunction:
- Hass type or modified Nance type expansion
appliance.
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26. 26
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
2. Advancement or forward movement of the
lower molars:
- If the VTO and physiologic factors warrant.
- Expansion utility arch.
- 1mm forward movement of LI yields 2mm of
arch length.
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27. 27
Resolve Arch
Length Discrepancy
3. Uprighting and /or distal movement of the
lower molars:
- Accomplished by utility arch.
- 2 mm per side can be gained by uprighting.
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28. 28
Correct Vertical/Overjet
Problems
This is done after functional and arch length
corrections are achieved.
Includes different approaches are used for
the first phase of non extraction treatment.
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29. 29
Correct Vertical/Overjet
Problems
1. Orthopedic problems-
- In case where good alignment of lower arch exists and Class
II is on account of Max.protrusion.
2. Orthopedic problems with lower arch
therapy-
- with maxillary protrusion but incisors and molars in deep bite
or need advancement.
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30. 30
Correct Vertical/Overjet
Problems
3. Orthopedic problems with minor incisor
interferences.
- Upper utility arch with headgear.
4. Orthodontic problems alone.
- Upper utility arch with Class II elastics.
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32. 32
Brackets
Siamese twin bracket
on all the teeth.
Slot size-.022 changed
to .018
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33. 33
Brackets
Slot size-.0185 x .030
1. Use of two light arches
2. Permits a champer or bevel.
3. Allows for a lever access.
4. Adequate distance for the torque grooves.
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34. 34
Development of Brackets
1. Rickett’s Standard Bioprogressive.
2. Rickett’s Full Torque Bioprogressive.
3. Triple Control Bioprogressive.
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35. 35
Development of Brackets
1. Rickett’s Standard
Bioprogressive.
These were the first set of
brackets which available.
(1960)
Banding was done on all
the teeth.
Line of occlusion –through
the contact points.
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36. 36
Development of Brackets
Trend of building in treatment in the
appliance. (angulations)
The original design had 5° for all the canines
and 8° for the upper lateral incisors and 5° for
the lower first molar
Torque was present only in-upper incisors,
laterals and canines.
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38. 38
Development of Brackets
2. Rickett’s Full Torque Bioprogressive.
Torque was build in the lower molars and
pre molars.
Brackets were placed with 5 angulation.
12 rotation was also built in the tube.
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40. 40
Development of Brackets
3. Triple control Bioprogressive.
Raised bases
Triple tube for upper molars
Breakaway convertible lower molar tube.
Direct bonding base/contoured.
Slots cut at an angle
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44. 44
Extraction Mechanics
Four general procedures :
1 Stabilization of upper and lower molar
anchorage.
2 Retraction and uprighting of cuspids with
sectional arch mechanics.
3 Retraction and consolidation of upper and lower
incisors.
4 Continuous arches for details of ideal and
finishing occlusion.
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45. 45
Extraction Mechanics
1. Stabilization of upper
and lower molar
anchorage:
a) Maximum upper
molar anchorage.
Nance arch with
modifications.
Headgear .
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50. 50
Extraction Mechanics
Minimum lower molar
anchorage:
Eliminate the four
mechanical factors.
Round wires may be
used.
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51. 51
Extraction Mechanics
2. Retraction and uprighting of cuspids with
sectional arch mechanics.
Cuspids need to be kept in the narrow trough
of trabecular bone and avoid the severe
tipping or displacement
The activation of the cuspid retraction springs
should produce 100 to 150 grams of force
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62. 62
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Sequence:
Lower Incisor intrusion.
Lower Cuspid intrusion.
Alignment of the lower buccal segment.
Alignment of the upper buccal segment.
Segmental correction of Class II with elastics.
Upper incisor alignment and intrusion.
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63. 63
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Upper arch –orthopedic reduction of the
maxilla.
Lower arch-treatment starts with levelling
the spee.-utility arch
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65. 65
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Lower stabilizing utility arch-after initial
purpose of the utility arch is accomplished –it
no longer serves as an efficient function
16 x 22 stabilizing arch is placed
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67. 67
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Alignment of the lower
buccal segment starts:
.015 or .0175
Twistoflex
.012,.014 of 018 wires
16x 16 triple T section
.016 or.018 nitinol
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68. 68
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Upper arch
alignment:
Incisors are not
included.
Upper molars starts
Distalizing-opening
spaces in the buccal
segment.
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69. 69
Mechanics For Class II Div I
a) Consolidation section
b) Stabilizing section
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70. 70
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Segmental correction with Class II elastics:
Three detrimental effects:
1. Skidding effect.
2. Tendency for a deep bite.
3. Difficult to overcorrect buccal segment.
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71. 71
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Tractions Sections-
Gable bend distal to
canine.
Rotation bend in the
anterior portion.
Molar bayonet bend
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72. 72
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Functions –
1. Counteract downward backward
pull
2. Stabilizing function in the upper
buccal segment.
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73. 73
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Upper incisors alignment
and Intrusion
Upper incisors are
aligned before placement
with light round wires.
16 X 22 utility arch is
placed
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74. 74
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Consolidation of Upper
Incisors
Retraction of the upper
incisors .
Over treatment -2mm
Closing utility/upside
down closing
arch/vertical helical
arch.
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75. 75
Mechanics For Class II Div I
Idealization of
arches and finishing.
16 or 17 square,16 x
22 or 17 x 25 nitinol.
Class II elastics to
be discontinued
atleast 2 months.
Light round wires
finishing
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77. 77
Mechanics For Class II Div II
Three treatment
possibilities:
1. Distalizing the
upper arch.
2. Advancing the lower
arch.
3. A reciprocal
movement.
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78. 78
Mechanics For Class II Div II
1. Advancement, torque control, and intrusion of
the upper incisors.
2. Intrusion of the lower incisors and cuspids.
3. Alignment of the buccal segments and Class
II correction.
4. Consolidation of the upper incisors.
5. Idealizing the arches.
6. Finishing.
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80. 80
Mechanics For Class II Div II
1. Advancement, torque control, and intrusion
of the upper incisors.
X Principle of bite before jet
Jet is created followed by intrusion.
16x22 utility arch
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82. 82
Mechanics For Class II Div II
Amount of pressure:
125-160 gms
16 x 22
Stabilization of the
molars:
Quad helix
TPA
Stab. sections
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83. 83
Mechanics For Class II Div II
Intrusion of lower incisors:
16 x 16 utility arch.
65-75 gms.
This is followed by cuspid intrusion.
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84. 84
Mechanics For Class II Div II
Advancement
of the lower
denture:
1. Utility arch with
4 helical loops
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85. 85
Mechanics For Class II Div II
2. Using three
vertical loops:
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86. 86
Mechanics For Class II Div II
3. Alignment of the buccal
segment:
a) Stabilizing section
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87. 87
Mechanics For Class II Div II
If buccal segment
are not aligned
“T” sections
Twistoflex wire
Cable wire
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88. 88
Mechanics For Class II Div II
4. Consolidation of
the maxillary
incisors:
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89. 89
Mechanics For Class II Div II
Idealization and
arches and finishing
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92. 92
Finishing and Retention
“Begin with the end in
mind”.
Every orthodontist has a
visual picture in his mind
of the ideal occlusion into
which the teeth should fit
and mesh in the final
finished occlusion.
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93. 93
Finishing and Retention
Bioprogressive proposes the concept
overtreatment….
No clinician can position teeth as delicately
as the functioning incline plane and cusp
action can accomplish naturally when it is
adequately set up to operate correctly.
Allow natural function to guide the teeth into
the best functioning occlusion for each
individual
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95. 95
Finishing and Retention
Two phases of retention:
1. Guiding changes during initial adjustments.
2. Supporting bony sutural and muscular
accommodations to changing environment
and considering long range influences.
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96. 96
Finishing and Retention
Initial stage of retention :
First six weeks following appliance removal
Retainers inserted-designed not to hold but to
guide the teeth in settling.
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97. 97
Finishing and Retention
Labial frame of typical
upper retainer (Ricketts)
passes between the lateral
and cuspid and has a
distal loop at each end to
tuck in the distal of the
expanded overtreated
upper cuspid
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98. 98
Finishing and Retention
Lower arch:
Fixed first bicuspid retainer is placed.
-maintain cross arch bicuspid width.
-lower cuspid freedom of adjustment against
upper occlusion.
-maintain lower incisor alignment and rotation
correction.
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99. 99
Finishing and Retention
Stabilizing stage of retention:
First year following active treatment.
Lower retainer is kept in place and upper is
worn most of the time.
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