Evolution of orthodontic brackets /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

EVOLUTION OF
ORTHODONTIC
BRACKETS

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

The Universal Bracket
Developed by Dr.Spencer R Atkinson
--
1928

Appliance has undergone periodic
refinements without losing its essential
features.

Modified to improve its leverage and
rotational potential .

Design-
-vertical hallow shaft with two lateral
welding tabs
-central shaft has two slot openings
1. Horizontal – opening labially at gingival
third
2. Vertical –opens incisally near the base
and extends gingival one third of the
bracket height
-.

Original Bracket


Five Archwire Combinations
Available


The incisal slot can hold-.008-.016 round
or .008 x.020 up to .015 x .028 wire .
- corrections of rotations ,leveling or
torque.
Gingival slot can only hold round wire
ranging from .008 - .016
-mesiodistal axial inclinations ,act as a
guide when teeth are moved bodily in
mesial or distal direction.


The 3-D Universal Bracket(1974)
-Jorge Fastlicht


Comparison of Previous Universal
Bracket with 3-D Universal


Six basic movements


Conventional light Wire bracket and
3 - D Universal Bracket
Easy ligation
Use of two wires
simultaneously .
As the bracket is wide
very light wires are
used in initial stages.
Improve rotation
potential.
More space inside the
vertical shaft.


The 3-D Universal Bracket
Advantage-
1. Efficiency in leveling and aligning
2. Permits bodily movement in m-d
direction
3. Retracts canine without tipping
4. Torque automatically in most cases
5. Individual torque is also easily achieved


Broussard Bracket
Was designed by “Grayford broussard”
Modified edgewise bracket in which there
is addition of 0.0185 x 0.046 slot –to
accept 0.018 auxiliary wire
Brackets are patented by the R.M.
company .
Utilizes the two force technique.


Broussard Bracket
Features –
-quick wing
-vertical slot
-round corners, smooth surface
- horizontal slot
-special torque brackets.- 0,7˚,17˚,22˚
-insert pin


Broussard Bracket


Burstone Cuspid Bracket
Bracket design-
-consists of a basic .
022 x .028 edgewise
slot
-additional .017 x .025
vertical or horizontal
auxiliary .


Transition from .022 to .018 slot
The use of rectangular wires in
rectangular brackets was introduced by
Edward Angle.
The original appliance was designed for
use with gold arch wires and had a 22 x
28 slot .
In Angels concept of treatment ,sliding
teeth along the arch wires to close spaces
was unnecessary

At that time the appliance was designed to
produce appropriate force and a
reasonable range in torsion when gold
arch wires were used
Problem originated when steel wires
replaced ?

There was a need to redesign the
edgewise

Solution to this problem was obtained by
.022

.018


Using undersized wire in edgewise
bracket is way by which friction can be
reduced.

Sliding teeth along the arch wire requires
atleast 2 mil of clearance .


Concept Of Fully Preadjusted
Appliance
Reed Holdaway- made the first attempt to
alter bracket slots in 1958.

Second attempt in this direction was made
by Ivan Lee

Joseph R Jarabak was first to combine
two features in 1961 –Jarabak light wire
bracket manufactured by Rocky Mountain
Orthodontics

Roths Prescription
In 1976 –Ronald Roth published a report
entitled “Five year clinical evaluation of
the Andrews Straight Wire Appliance”.
In 1979 roth introduced a bracket set up
with his own modifications keeping in
mind –
1. Biologic consideration .
2. Mechanical consideration.


Roths Prescription
Roths rationale –
1. With the appliance in place ,it is virtually
impossible ,because of the bracket
interference ,to position the teeth precisely
into occlusion shown by non orthodontic
normal sample
2. After appliance removal ,no matter how
well treated the patient may be ,the teeth
will shift slightly from the position they
occupied at the time appliance was
removed. www.indiandentalacademy.com

Bioefficient Bracket
It is a modification of preadjusted system
introduced by Viazi .

The bracket prescriptions were designed
to overcorrect malocclusion and to make it
possible to work with the largest possible
wires from the start of the treatment .


Rationale behind the bracket design is-
- maximum potential of any archwire is
achieved when the largest possible wire is
used.
The archwire between a narrow single
bracket will have less stiffness and
greater flexibility .


The bracket is
designed to fulfill
following
requirements-
1. Conformity to the
crown anatomy
and gingival
outline


2. Ease of use-
Variability in the
bracket positioning is
usually attributable to
improper mesiodistal
or buccolingual
placement of the slot


3. Minimum friction


4. Tip control


5. Rotational control-narrow ,elongated
configuration of the bracket ,with the wings
moved towards the mesiodistal surface of
the teeth provide maximum rotational
control


6. Vertical slot

6. High torque in the anterior brackets.


Modular Self Locking Appliance
Introduced by –FOGEL AND MAGILL
-1976

Key objective to treat greater number
,better ,faster easier ,at a lower cost and
by using an appliance which can achieve
the optimal biologic response.


It is a light wire
system using a single
pivotal bracket or twin
self locking low
frictional attachments
.


Insert bracket –

Archwire chamber
Beaks
Insert slot
Slot apex
Seat
stem



Placement of the
insert bracket-


Receptacle –available in three sizes
- Small (.150”)
- Medium (.180”)
- Wide (.200”)
- Three vertical slots are present which
accommodate insert brackets and the
auxiliaries



Archwire play


Insertion of wire into
the insert bracket


Removal of archwire


Vari Simplex Discipline
The actual appliance was born in 1978.

All the brackets used in this system
pretorqued , preangulated and exhibit
specific bracket base thickness for in/out
compensations .


Factors determining the design of the
appliance-
1. Size and shape of the teeth ,especially
mesio distal width and curvature .
2. Selection of proper bracket style to fit the
size and the shape of each tooth .
3. Accessibility of the tooth .
4. Patient comfort .

Factors defining the bracket system-
-Type of bracket
-Placement positions
-Angulations
-Torque
-In /out compensations


Brackets used in vari simplex
1. Twin bracket-
- Used on large flat surfaced teeth.
-Mini –Diamond bracket in
rhomboid design.
- Advantage –
a) Flat surface .
b) Easy accessibility .
c) Mini twin bracket .
d) Patient comfort.

Twin bracket on the lateral incisor are
provided with additional tie wing for easy
initial wire placement.

Additional permanent hooks are present
on the lateral incisor


2. Lang bracket-
- Was invented by Dr Howard Lang
- Used round surfaced teeth at the corners
of the arch .
Design-
-single bracket a flat rotational control wing
-each wing has a circular hole .
- Wedge shape in profile


Reasons for using Lang bracket on
cuspids-
1. Twin bracket reduces the inter-bracket
distance.
2. Better rotational control.
3. Full bracket engagement with a twin
bracket is difficult on a round surfaced
tooth.
4. Prevents attrition on the maxillary cuspid.

3. Lewis bracket-

- They are used for large round
surfaced teeth that are not at
the curve of the arch - bicuspids .

- Small flat surface teeth
- mandibular incisors.


Design –
- Consists of fixed wing single bracket with
built in labial curvature of the rotational
wings .
- This provides a three point contact .
- Bracket is wedge shape in profile view



Advantages of using fixed Lewis wing over
flexible Steiner wing-

1. Additional force .
2. Save adjustment time.
3. Edges of the Lewis bracket are less
sharp .
4. Breakages are less .


Salient features-

1. -3˚ torque on maxillary cuspid
2. No torque in the second molar tube.
3. -5˚ lingual crown torque in the
mandibular incisors


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Evolution of orthodontic brackets /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

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