Downloaded 34 times
Uploaded bySaleh Alsadi
Bones post 11
The document summarizes key bones and anatomical structures of the skull, facial bones, and mandible as seen on radiographs. It describes 22 cranial bones that surround the brain, including the occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. It also outlines the mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, and vomer facial bones. Key terms used to describe bone anatomy are defined, such as process, fossa, suture, tuberosity, notch, and foramen. The document contrasts compact and cancellous bone and their radiographic appearances. Common radiographic views are shown and anatomical landmarks identified, such as the temporomand
More Related Content
Similar to Bones post 11
![PERI-PROSTHETIC FRACTURE NAIL-PLATE CONSTRUCT [NPC].pptx](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/drarunkumardrmohamedashrafperiprostheticfrasturenail-plateconstructnpc-260209164459-7e9d15a1-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Bones post 11
- 1. BONES And Their Radiographic Appearance 22Bones make up the skull Cranial bones include: • Occipital (one) • Frontal (one) • Parietal (two) • Temporal (two) • Sphenoid (one) • Ethmoid (one) Cranial bones surround the brain The Skull Bones: 1 - mandible 2 - maxilla 3 - zygomatic 4 - nasal bone 5 - frontal bone 6 - sphenoid bone 7 - temporal 8 - occipital bone 9 - lacrimal bone 10 - ethmoid bone 11 - parietal bone Facial bones include: • Mandible (one) • Maxilla (two) • Zygomatic (two) • Lacrimal (two) • Nasal (two) • Inferior nasal conchal (two) • Vomer (one) 1
- 2. Terms that describebone anatomy • Process – general term for any prominence • Fossa - depression on the surface of the bone • Suture – where two bones join • Tuberosity – bony prominance, usually where muscle attaches, ie maxillary tuberosity suture Terms that describe bone anatomy • Notch – indentation on the edge of a bone • Ridge – elongated prominence • Foramen - opening Mental foramen External oblique ridge Temporal fossa Mastoid process Two types of Bone – compact and cancellous • Cancellous bone (also called spongy bone) makes up center of bones • Contains bone marrow spaces (called “trabeculation” on radiographs) • More radiolucent than compact bone Mandibular notch Compact Bone 1. Compact boneforms plates that form outside of bones, linings for alveolus, foramina, etc… 2. Is more radiopaque because of its density Compact bone Cancellous bone trabeculation 2
- 3. Compact bone outlinesalveolar crest (when no bone has been lost due to periodontal disease!) Compact Bone Lines Alveolus (socket) Alveolar crest (radiopaque) It is also called (*and means same thing): 1. Lamina dura (on radiographs only) 2. Cribriform plate 3. Cortical bone 4. Alveolar bone proper Periodontal ligament space (radiolucent lining) Lamina dura (radiopaque lining) Do you see any compact bone outlining the alveolar crest? Lateral View Identification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic arch Condyle External auditory meatus 6. Temporal bone 3
- 4. Temporomandibular Joint Lateral closeup 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Condyle Articulareminence Coronoid process Ramus Articular fossa Mandibular notch Coronoid notch Articular or gleniod fossa Articular eminance • Mandibular condyle articulates with temporal bone in the articular fossa (also called glenoid fossa, mandibular fossa) • Most anterior border of articular fossa is the articular eminance • If someone opens wide and the condyle slides anterior to the eminance, the person has “lockjaw” 6 7 Lateral closeup Dehiscence Fenestration Mental foramen Zygomatic process of maxilla 5. Alveolar bone 6. Alveolar crest 7. External oblique ridge Dehiscence vs Fenestration 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 • Bony defects of unknown cause • Neither can be found radiographically, only during surgery • Fenestration, defect completely surrounded by bone • Dehiscence, alveolar crest bone absent fenestration dehiscence 4
- 5. Nasal Cavity Bones ofthe Orbit Orbit Maxillary Sinus In order of appearance • Frontal • Zygomatic • Maxillary • Palatine • Sphenoid • Lacrimal • Ethmoid Zygomatic Arch • Commonly called the “cheekbone” • Comprised of three bones, temporal, maxilla, zygoma Zygomatic Arch Zygomatic process of temporal bone joins with temporal process of zygoma temporal Maxillary process of zygoma joins with zygomatic process of maxilla zygoma maxilla sutures Zygomatic Arch 5
- 6. Radiographically, the zygomaticarch appears as a radiopaque horseshoe shaped structure above maxillary molars (not always seen) Maxillary Sinus – an opening in the maxillary bone, acts as a filter for inhaled air Location of the sinus Inside of sinus with bony covering removed Inverted Y Inverted Y Nasal cavity Maxillary sinus Inverted Y • Maxillary sinus meets nasal cavity in area of canine • On radiographs, wall of sinus crosses wall of nasal cavity (both are radiopaque because they are compact bone) • Result is the “inverted Y” 6
- 7. Septa of maxillarysinus (divides cavity) Zygomatic Arch Floor of maxillary sinus (radiopaque) Frontal View Identification 1. Frontal bone 2. Orbit 3. Mental protuberance Skull Identification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Midline suture Anterior Nasal spine Nasal septum Infraorbital foramen Lateral fossa Superior nasal conchae Anterior Radiograph 1. Median palatal suture 5 (radiolucent) 6 2. Noseline (cartilage) 3. Nasal spine (radiopaque V-shaped prominence) 4. Nasal conchae 5. Nasal septum (elongated, thicker radiopacity) 7
- 8. Lateral Fossa –a depression between the maxillary cuspid and incisor Exercise – feel your lateral fossa with your finger Inferior nasal conchae Nasal septum (divides nasal cavity) Anterior Nasal spine (V-shaped) Lateral fossa (Radiolucency inside circle) Internal Oblique ridge(slightly inferior to external oblique ridge) Lingual foramen Genial tubercles (muscles attach here) Mandibular foramen Mental ridge- see figure 27-56 Iannucci Lingula – a bony projection that partially covers the mandibular foramen Submandibular fossa (depression for submandibular Salivary gland) 8
- 9. Coronoid process Coronoid notch Mandibular(sigmoid) Notch Condyle External oblique ridge (thicker radiopaque band) Ramus External oblique ridge Angle of the mandible Note: External/internal ridges often “superimposed” over each other radiographically; therefore difficult to differentiate between the two; external always superior to internal oblique ridge (mylohyoid muscle attachment); internal usually runs below roots of mandibular molars (see figure 26-62 Haring) ABCD- Internal on “inside” or lingual external oblique ridge internal oblique ridge submandibular fossa mandibular canal A B Hyoid bone 9
- 10. Mandibular foramen Mandibular canal Externaloblique ridge Soft tissue outline- retromolar area Submandibular fossa Mandibular canal (large radiolucency within the circle) Submandibular fossa Nutrient canals – passageways to teeth for vessels (arrows on film), often seen around maxillary premolars Genial tubercles (Radiopacities) Lingual foramen (radiolucency) 10
- 11. Palate Nasopalatine or Incisive foramen Medianpalatine suture Mental Foramen Anterior or Greater palatine foramen Mylohyoid ridge or internal oblique ridge (see down by roots of teeth)– actually on lingual of mandible Posterior or Lessor palatine foramen Hamulus Palatal Radiographs Nasopalatine or Incisive foramen Median Palatal suture Sphenoid Bone • A butterfly shaped cranial bone posterior to the palate • It forms part of the orbit • It’s hamulus can sometimes be seen on third molar radiograph • Some muscles of masticaton attach to Pterygoid plate Hamulus Lateral pterygoid plate 11
- 12. Infratemporal Space (skull withmandible removed) Temporal bone Articular or Glenoid fossa • A cranial bone that articulates with mandible in its articular fossa • Other landmarks include styloid process, mastoid process • Forms part of zygomatic arch Articular or glenoid fossa (where condyle sits) Mastoid process Maxillary tuberosity Styloid process (can sometimes be seen on a panoral) Maxillary tuberosity External oblique ridge Nasal spine Coronoid process Condyle and glenoid fossa Hard palate (horizontal thicker radiopaque line) Inverted Y 12