This article clarifies regarding Bone Cancer could be a tough and savage malady. In any case, this will be rebuilt in starting times effectively. thus this text provides you knowledge known with bone malignancy, Sigs or facet effects of the bone malady, what could be the explanations for bone malignant growth, however oft will it happen, what treatment selection do patients have, what are the most effective healing centers for the Bone Cancer Treatment.
Bone cancer or bone marrow cancer has many types and develops in various ages of life. We have provided an elaborate guide to bone cancer treatment, Symptoms, causes, hospitals.
this article gives you data identified with bone malignancy, Sigs or side effects of bone disease, what might be the reasons for bone malignant growth, How frequently does it happen, what treatment choice do patients have, what are the best healing centers for the Bone Cancer Treatment.
The exact cause of primary bone cancer is not fully understood but the researchers believe that it is caused by over-activity of the bone cells. Studies have shown that there is a much higher risk of bone cancer in those persons, who had taken radiotherapy or chemotherapy with alkylating anticancer drugs during their childhood. Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms of bone cancer.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
This article clarifies regarding Bone Cancer could be a tough and savage malady. In any case, this will be rebuilt in starting times effectively. thus this text provides you knowledge known with bone malignancy, Sigs or facet effects of the bone malady, what could be the explanations for bone malignant growth, however oft will it happen, what treatment selection do patients have, what are the most effective healing centers for the Bone Cancer Treatment.
Bone cancer or bone marrow cancer has many types and develops in various ages of life. We have provided an elaborate guide to bone cancer treatment, Symptoms, causes, hospitals.
this article gives you data identified with bone malignancy, Sigs or side effects of bone disease, what might be the reasons for bone malignant growth, How frequently does it happen, what treatment choice do patients have, what are the best healing centers for the Bone Cancer Treatment.
The exact cause of primary bone cancer is not fully understood but the researchers believe that it is caused by over-activity of the bone cells. Studies have shown that there is a much higher risk of bone cancer in those persons, who had taken radiotherapy or chemotherapy with alkylating anticancer drugs during their childhood. Pain and swelling are the most common symptoms of bone cancer.
For more information: www.cancertame.com
In 2022, around 1.9 million US population were diagnosed with cancer. From the number, it is obvious that cancer is part of the most common diseases and also one of the deadliest diseases. Although there are different types of cancer, a few of the most common ones include skin, breast, and lung cancer. Out of all these common ones, there is one cancer that is quite rare in individuals and only makes up less than one per cent of all cancers. This cancer is commonly known as bone cancer or Osteosarcoma.
In 2022, around 1.9 million US population were diagnosed with cancer. From the number, it is obvious that cancer is part of the most common diseases and also one of the deadliest diseases. Although there are different types of cancer, a few of the most common ones include skin, breast, and lung cancer. Out of all these common ones, there is one cancer that is quite rare in individuals and only makes up less than one per cent of all cancers. This cancer is commonly known as bone cancer or Osteosarcoma.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Maxilla, Mandible & Hyoid Bone & Clinical Correlations by Dr. RIG.pptx
BONE TUMORS.pptx
1. SALALE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE POST
GRADUATE PROGRAM IN AHN.
PRESENTATION ON BONE TUMORS(BENIGN&MALIGNANT)
SUBMIT TO: MR. TADELE.K ( ASS’T. PROFESSOR)
SUBMIT BY: YORDANOS LEMMA (BSC, MSC STUDENT)
ID NO 195
SEP 2023
FITCHE
BY .yordanos L 1
2. Presentation outline
Introduction
Type of bone tumor
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology
Classification
Clinical Manifestation
Risk factors
Diagnosis
Management and
prevention
complication
Summary
Reference
BY yordanos L( MSc) 2
3. Objective of Presentation
To Understand:
Definition of bone tumors ,risk factors.
Etiology and classification of bone tumors.
Their complications & their diagnoses.
The different management/treatment
Options/Techniques/prevention.
BY yordanos L 3
4. Definition of Bone Tumor
Bone tumors develop when cells within a bone divide
uncontrollably, forming a lump or mass of abnormal
tissue.
A bone tumor is an abnormal growth of cells within a
bone. Most bone tumors are benign (not cancerous).
A bone tumor may be cancerous (malignant) or
noncancerous (benign).
BY yordanos L 4
6. Benign Bone Tumors
Benign bone tumors are bone tumors that are not cancerous.
Most tumors that start in our bones are benign (not cancer).
This means that benign tumors will not spread from their
original site to a new location.
Tumors can form in any of the bones of your skeletal system
and in any part of the bone. In general, the most common
bones involved are also some of the largest: the femur, tibia,
humerus, pelvis, spine and ribs.
By yordanos L 6
7. cont.…
BY yordanos .L 7
• Some types of tumors are most common in specific
locations, such as the spine or near the growth plates in
your hip, knee or shoulder.
How common are benign bone tumors?
• Benign bone tumors are most common in people who
are under 30 years old. A large portion of benign bone
tumors are found in children while their skeletons are
still growing.
8. cont.…
Many benign tumors actually stop growing once a child
reaches skeletal maturity, which is the term used to
describe the time at which bones stop growing in
length.
Skeletal maturity usually happens between the ages of
14 to 16 in girls and between the ages of 16 to 19 in
boys.
By yordanos L 8
9. The most common types of benign bone tumors
Enchondroma: This type of tumor starts in the
cartilage. These tumors are found inside the bone, in
the marrow space.
• usually appears in bones of your hands and feet.
• It often has no symptoms.
• It’s the most common type of hand tumor.
By yordanos L 9
10. cont.…
By yordanos L 10
Osteochondroma: is a most common tumor that grows in
our spine and long bones, mostly in young adults.
This type of tumor is made up of cartilage and bone and
can get bigger while the skeleton is growing.
These tumors grow outside the bone.
11. Osteoid osteoma: This type of tumor usually affects the
long bones of the body and is more common in males. It
can cause significant pain at nighttime due to hormone
interaction and can be relieved with non steroidal anti-
inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).
Chondroblastoma: This type of tumor is usually
removed because its growth affects nearby joints.
It’s found in children and can cause significant pain.
By yordanos L 11
12. cont.…
Osteo blastoma: This type of tumor is also more
common in males. Treatment is almost always surgery.
Periosteal chondroma: These tumors are made up of
cartilage and are located on the surface of a bone.
Treatment is almost always surgery.
Giant cell tumor: These tumors, though rare, grow
aggressively. Females are slightly more likely to develop
giant cell tumors. Treatment is almost always surgery.
By yordanos L 12
13. Etiology of benign bone tumors
Bone tumors form when bone cells divide and grow out
of control, forming a lump or a mass of cells. We don’t
know why this happens in most cases.
Benign bone tumors occur most often in children whose
skeletons are still growing and people up to age 30.
These tumors are often strongly affected by the
hormones that cause growth. Many benign tumors stop
growing once a child's bones do.
By yordanos L 13
14. Pathophysiology of benign bone tumors
Bone tumors develop when cells within a bone divide
uncontrollably, forming a lump or mass of abnormal
tissue.
Most bone tumors are benign (not cancerous).
Benign tumors are usually not life-threatening and, in
most cases, will not spread to other parts of the body.
BY Yordanos L 14
15. Epidemiology of bone tumors
• According to the analysis of the Surveillance,
Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Cancer Statistics
Review of the National Cancer Institute, it is estimated
that 2,810 men and women (1,620 men and 1,190
women) will be diagnosed with and 1,490 men and
women will die of cancer of the bones and joints in 2011
(1).
BY Yordanos L) 15
16. Cont.…
• Overall, bone sarcomas account for 0.2% of all
malignancies diagnosed in the United States, and the age
adjusted incidence rate for all bone and joint
malignancies is 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year.
• The overall 5-year relative survival for 2001–2007 was
66.3% and the age-adjusted death rate based on patients
who died in 2004–2008 in the US, was 0.4 per 100,000
men and women per year (1).
BY Yordanos L 16
17. Clinical manifestation of benign bone tumors
By yordanos L 17
• An obvious swelling or lump.
• Pain, possibly severe, that increases in intensity.
• It may hurt even when you’re resting.
• Breaks or fractures due to bones made weaker by a
growing bone tumor.
• In most cases, these tumors have no symptoms and are
incidentally discovered on an X-ray obtained for an
injury.
18. Risk Factors
• Children whose skeletons are still growing and people up
to age 30.
• These tumors are often strongly affected by the
hormones that cause growth.
• Many benign tumors stop growing once a child's bones
do.
BY Yordanos L 18
19. Diagnosis of benign bone tumors
Imaging and tests: obtain X-rays.
Different types of tumors exhibit different characteristics
on X-ray. Some dissolve bone or make a hole in the bone.
Some cause extra formation of bone. Some can result in a
mixture of these findings.
• Some tumors have characteristic findings on X-rays.
• In other cases, it may be hard to tell what kind of tumor is
involved.
By yordanos L 19
21. There are two basic methods of doing a biopsy.
Needle biopsy: The doctor inserts a needle into the tumor
to remove some tissue.
This may be done while you are under local anesthesia.
Or a radiologist may do it, using an X-ray machine or
MRI scanner to help direct the needle to the tumor.
By yordanos L 21
22. cont.…
Open biopsy: The doctor uses surgery to remove
tissue.
This is generally done through a small incision
while you are under general anesthesia in an
operating room.
BY yordanos L) 22
23. Management
• In many cases, benign tumors just need to be
watched.
• Some can be treated effectively with medication.
• Some benign tumors will disappear over time; this is
particularly true for some benign tumors that occur in
children.
By yordanos L 23
24. cont.…
• Some times removing the tumor (excision) or using other
treatment techniques to reduce the risk of fracture and
disability.
• Some tumors may come back–even repeatedly–after
appropriate treatment.
BY Yordanos L) 24
25. Non-pharmacological aspect
• Just need to be watched Some benign tumors will
disappear over time; this is particularly true for some
benign tumors that occur in children.
BY Yordanos L 25
26. Prevention
Don't use tobacco. ...
• Eat a healthy diet. ...
• Maintain a healthy weight and be physically active. ...
• Protect yourself from the sun. ...
• Get vaccinated. ...
• Eating citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, grapefruits
and oranges has been associated with a lower risk of
cancer in some studies.
• Avoid risky behaviors. ...
• Get regular medical care.
By yordanos L 26
27. Malignant Bone Tumors
• Bone cancer is when unusual cells grow out of control in
our bone. It destroys normal bone tissue. It may start in
our bone or spread there from other parts of our body
(called metastasis)& Bone cancer is rare.
• Malignant tumors can spread cancer cells throughout the
body (metastasize).
BY yordanos L 27
28. cont.…
•This happens via the blood or lymphatic system.
Cancer that begins in bone (primary bone cancer) is
different from cancer that begins somewhere else in the
body and spreads to bone (secondary bone cancer).
By yordanos L) 28
29. Types of malignant bone tumors
Depend on the origins
A, primary bone cancer(malignancy) &
B, secondary bone cancer(malignancy)
A, Primary bone cancer(malignancy): Cancer that begins
in bone.
BY yordanos .L 29
30. The four most common types of primary bone
cancer are:
• Multiple Myeloma: the most common primary bone
cancer, is a malignant tumor of bone marrow. It affects
approximately 20 people per million people each year
• Most cases are seen in patients aged 50 to 70 years old.
Any bone can be involved.
• Osteosarcoma is the second most common bone cancer.
It occurs in two or three new people per million people
each year.
By yordanos L 30
31. Cont.…
• Most cases occur in teenagers. Most tumors occur around the
knee. Other common locations include the hip and shoulder.
• Ewing's sarcoma: most commonly occurs between age 5 and
20. The most common locations are the upper and lower leg,
pelvis, upper arm and ribs.
• Chondrosarcoma: occurs most commonly in patients 40 to 70
years of age.
• Most cases occur around the hip and pelvis or shoulder.
BY yordanos L 31
32. B, secondary bone cancer(malignancy)
Cancer in our bones usually started else where in our
body. For example, if lung cancer has spread to our
bones, that's secondary bone cancer.
Any cancer that moves from one part of our body to
another is called metastatic cancer.
Cancers that commonly spread to bone include:
Breast cancer, Prostate cancer ,Lung cancer
BY yordanos L 32
33. Etiology of malignant bone tumors
The causes of malignant bone tumors aren't known.
A few possible causes are genetics, radiation treatment,
and injuries to the bones.
Osteosarcoma has been linked to radiation treatment
(particularly high doses of radiation) and other anticancer
drugs, especially in children.
However, a direct cause hasn't been identified.
By yordanos L 33
34. Pathophysiology of malignant bone tumors
Osteosarcomas arise from mesenchyme cells and are
characterized by areas of abnormal bone growth .
• The various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors
that drive mesenchyme stem cells to differentiate into
bone precursor cells also play a role in the development of
osteosarcoma.
By yordanos L 34
35. Epidemologe of malignant bone tumor
Overall, bone sarcomas account for 0.2% of all malignancies,
and the adjusted incidence rate for all bone and joint
malignancies is 0.9 per 100,000 persons per year, while the 5-
year overall survival rate is 67.9%.
Osteosarcoma is not a common cancer. Each year, about
1,000 new cases of osteosarcoma are diagnosed in the United
States. About half of these are in children and teens.
Most osteosarcomas occur in children, teens, and young
adults between the ages of 10 and 30.8 octo 2020
BY yordanos L 35
36. Clinical manifestation of malignant bone tumors
• symptoms can include pain that:
Is in the area of the tumor , dull or achy
• Gets worse with activity, Wakes us at night
Other symptoms related to malignant bone tumors include:
• Fevers ,Night sweats
• Swelling around a bone , Limping
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
BY yordanos L 36
37. Risk factors
• Genetics. Children with familial
• retinoblastoma, which is a type of eye cancer, have an
increased risk of developing osteosarcoma. ...
• Previous radiation therapy. ...
• Chemotherapy for another cancer. ...
• Benign tumors or other bone conditions.
BY Yordanos L) 37
38. Diagnosis of malignant bone tumors
• Bones through imaging tests such as: X-rays.
• These show tumors and how big they are.
• CT scans. A computer uses X-rays to make more
detailed pictures.
• Bone scans. A technician injects a different radioactive
material into our vein. It collects in our bones, where a
scanner can see it.
BY Yordanos L) 38
39. cont...
• It might also do blood tests to look for two enzymes
that can be signs of blood cancer.
• MRI scans. These use a strong magnet to show
inside our body. Biopsy can confirm a diagnosis.
• PET scans. A technician injects radioactive glucose
(sugar) into our vein.
• A scanner then spots cancer cells, which use more
glucose than regular cells.
BY yordanos .L 39
40. Common Management of malignant bone tumor
• Limb salvage surgery. Your doctor removes the part of
the bone with cancer but not nearby muscles, tendons, or
other tissues. They put a metallic implant in place of the
bone.
• Amputation. If a tumor is large or reaches our nerves
and blood vessels, our doctor might remove the limb.
You may get a prosthetic limb afterward.
BY Yordanos L) 40
41. Cont.…
Radiation therapy. This kills cancer cells and shrinks
tumors with strong X-rays. Doctors often use it along with
surgery.
Chemotherapy. This kills tumor cells with cancer drugs.
Your doctor might use it before surgery, after surgery, or
for metastatic cancer.
Targeted therapy. This drug treatment targets certain
genetic, protein, or other changes in or around cancer.
BY yordanos L 41
43. complication
The major skeletal complications associated with
bone metastases include;
Cancer-induced pain,
Hyperkalemia,
pathological bone fracture , disability.
metastatic epidural spinal cord compression and other
organs. ,cancer cachexia then death.
BY Yordanos L 43
44. Nursing care plan
• Imbalanced nutrition , less than body requirement,
related to sever pain
• Anxiety related to impending surgery and diagnosis
of cancer
• Pain related to tumor mass
BY Yordnos L 44
45. Nursing management
• Maintaining optimal nutrition
• Providing emotional support
• Relieving pain
• Monitoring and managing complication
BY Yordanos L 45
46. Summary
Bone cancer treatments can cause problems over time
with our heart, lungs, brain, hearing, bones, or fertility.
Your recovery from bone cancer depends on its type and
stage. Overall, more than 78% of people who have it live
at least 5 years after diagnosis.
They have a major impact on the life of patients and their
families.
By yordanos L 46
47. References
1.http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2008/results_single/sect_01_
table.01.pdf
2. http://www.registri-tumori.it/cms/?q=sede_osso
3. Hauben EI, Arends J, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. Multiple
primary malignancies in osteosarcoma patients. Incidence and
predictive value of osteosarcoma subtype for cancer
syndromes related with osteosarcoma.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2003;11:611–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
By yordanos L 47
48. cont.…
4. Hameetman L, Bovée JV, Taminiau AH, et al.
Multiple osteochondromas: clinicopathological and
genetic spectrum and suggestions for clinical
management.
Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2004;2:161–73. [PMC free
article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar
BY Yordanos L) 48