Sufa Mengiste and Tolosa presented a seminar on teeth disorders to nursing students at Salale University. They discussed the anatomy and physiology of teeth, diseases of the hard tissues including dental caries and non-caries issues like erosion and abrasion. Dental caries starts with plaque accumulation and acid production, potentially leading to cavities. Complications of untreated cavities include abscesses. Other topics included extra teeth, malocclusion, staining, nursing diagnoses, and oral health management. The presentation aimed to explain the causes and treatments of common teeth problems.

1. SALALE UNIVERSITY COLLEGAE OF HEALTH SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING
Seminar Presentation on Teeth Disorders
Presented by; Sufa Mengiste(191/15) & Tolosa (192/15)
Presented To: Mr. Tadale K. {BSc, MSc, Ass’t. prof}
Sept 2023
Salale , Fitche
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2.  Introduction to anatomy and physiology of teeth
 Diseases of hard tissues of teeth
 Non dental caries
 Dental caries
 Complications of Tooth cavities /caries
 Extra teeth
 malocclusion of teeth
 Stain teeth
 Nursing diagnosis and management
 Acknowledgement
 References
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Presentation outlines

3. OBJECTIVES
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 At the end of this presentation the students will
able to Explain: anatomy and physiology of teeth
 Explain diseases of hard tissues of teeth
 Describe Non dental caries
 Describe Dental caries
 Explain Complications of Tooth cavities /caries
 Describe stain teeth
 Explain Extra teeth
 Describe malocclusion of teeth
 Explain Causes and treatment of teeth disorders
 Nursing diagnosis and mgt of teeth disorders

4. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE TEETH
 Tooth is made up of
enamel, dentine, pulp
and cement.
 Enamel is the hardest
part of the tooth with
the greater part of it
covering the crown.
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5. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE TEETH
 Pulp
This is an extremely sensitive mass of thin nerve and
blood vessels which enter through apical canal at the
apex of each root.
Dentin
This sensitive ivory like substance that forms
the body of the whole teeth
Cement
This is a thin hard bone-like layer which
covers the roots.
Enamel
This is the protective outer layer of each tooth
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6. FUNCTION OF THE TOOTH
 Incisors: Biting of the food initially
 Canines: Tearing of tough pieces
of food.
 Premolars and Molars: Grinding
the food into small pieces before
swallowing
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7. DISEASE OF THE HARD TISSUE OF THE TEETH
Disease of the hard tissue is a disease which
affects the enamel and dentine part of the
tooth.
They are classified as dental caries/cavities
and non- caries diseases
Non-caries diseases include:
attrition
erosion
abrasion and abfraction
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9. NON-DENTAL CARIES
Abrasion ; Is a pathologic wearing away of the
tooth substance through some abnormal
mechanical process.
 Site:- Exposed root surface
 Cause:-
 Use of abrasive dentifrices
 Habit of opening pins
 Occupation
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10. NON-DENTAL CARIES
Attrition:-
 is the wearing of teeth during function.
 This is normal wearing of the teeth during
contact with opposing teeth in occlusion. It has
relation with aging.
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11. NON-DENTAL CARIES
 Erosion ; It is defined as the irreversible loss of
tooth structure due to chemical dissolution by
acids not of bacterial origin.
 The most common cause of erosion is by acidic
foods and drinks. In general, foods and drinks
with a pH below 5.0–5.7 have been known to
trigger dental erosion effects
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13. CAUSES
 Accumulation of food particles.
 Accumulation of bacteria in gelatinous mass.
Called as “plague”.
 Anaerobic fermentation of sugar in saliva.
 Release of lactic acid.
 Cessation occurs due to erosion of teeth by
lactic acid
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14. MANAGEMENT
 Cut down acidic foods
 Drink waters ; after eating or drinking tea or
coffee
 Chew sugar free gum for 20 minutes after eating
acidic food to increase saliva
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15. NON-DENTAL CARIES
 Abfraction of teeth; Loss of tooth structure
when the tooth and gum come together.
 The damage is wedge shaped or v-shaped and
unrelated to cavities, bacteria or infection.
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16. CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS
Causes
 Bruxing [ teeth
grinding]
 Misalignment
 Mineral loss due to
acidic or abrasive
factors
Symptoms
 Painless
 Tooth sensitivity
 Loss of enamel or
exposed dentin
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17. TREATMENT
 Filling
 Mouth-guard- prevent further damage
 Toothpaste- cut down tooth sensitivity and
abrasion
 Orthodontics- realigning
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18. NON-DENTAL CARIES
Stain teeth; Teeth can become discolored by stains
on the surface or by changes inside the tooth.
 There are three main types of tooth discoloration:
 They might appears yellowed or less bright or they
may develop white or dark flecks.
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20. A. Extrinsic
 This occurs when the outer layer of the tooth
(the enamel) is stained.
 Coffee, tobacco, wine, cola or other drinks or
foods can stain teeth.
 Smoking also causes extrinsic stains.
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21. B. Intrinsic
 This is when the inner structure of the tooth (the
dentin) darkens or gets a yellow tint.
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22. C. Age-related
 This is a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic
factors.
 Dentin naturally yellows over time.
 The enamel that covers the teeth gets thinner with
age, which allows the dentin to show through.
 Foods and smoking also can stain teeth as people
get older
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23. MANAGENENT
 Applying bleaching agent to the enamel of teeth
 Whiter in about 30 to 45 minutes
 Micro-abrasion
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24. DENTAL CARIES/CAVITIES
 A cavity, also called
tooth decay, is a hole
that forms in your tooth.
 Cavities start small and
gradually become
bigger when they’re left
untreated.
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26. CAUSES
 Tooth cavities are caused by plaque, a sticky
substance that binds to teeth. Plaque is a
combination of:
• bacteria
• saliva
• acid
• food particles
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28. 5 STAGES OF TOOTH DECAY
Stage1; Demineralization
 Tooth begin to
accumulate plaque and
lose calcium
Stage2; Enamel decay
Stage3; Dentin decay
Stage4; Pulp decay
Stage5; Abscess
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29. SYMPTOMS OF TOOTH CAVITIES
 Tooth sensitivity
 Tooth pain
 A visible hole in your teeth
 Black or white staining on your teeth
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30. DIAGNOSTIC METHOD
 X-rays
 Swabs of mouth sores
 Biopsy
 Oral inspection
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31. TREATMENT OF TOOTH CAVITIES
 Tooth fillings
 Crowns on late stage
 Root canal on late stage
 Early stage treatment
 Dealing with pain
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32. COMPLICATIONS FROM TOOTH
CAVITIES
 A tooth cavity can cause a variety of complications if
it’s left untreated.
 These include:
 Ongoing tooth pain
 The development of pus around the infected tooth
 An increased risk for breaking or chipping a tooth
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33. DENTAL ABSCESS
 Dental abscess is a collection of pus that can
form inside the teeth, in the gums, or in the
bone that holds the teeth in place

34. CAUSES
 Consuming lots of sugary or starchy food and
drink s.
 An injury or previous surgery to your teeth or
gums – bacteria can get into any damaged parts
of the teeth or gums.
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35. SYMPTOMS
 Bitter taste in the mouth.
 Breath odour.
 General discomfort or ill-feeling.
 Fever.
 Pain when chewing.
 Sensitivity of the teeth to hot or cold.
 Swelling of the gum over the infected tooth,
which may look like a pimple.
 Swollen glands of the neck
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36. TREATMENT
Drain the abscess.
Pull the affected tooth.
Prescribe antibiotics
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37. COMPLICATIONS
 Oral swelling
 Tooth loss
 Bad breath
 Sepsis
 Dry mouth
 Gum inflammation
 Ludwig angina
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38. HYPERDONTIA/ EXTRA TEETH
Hyperdontia is the condition of having
supernumerary teeth, or teeth that appear in
addition to the regular number of teeth.
They can appear in any area of the dental
arch and can affect any dental organ.
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40. TYPES OF HYPERDONTIA
Supernumerary teeth can be classified by shape.
The shapes include the following:
 Supplemental (where the tooth has a normal
shape for the teeth in that series);
 Tuberculate (also called barrel shaped);
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41. TYPES OF HYPERDONTIA CONT..
 Conical (also called peg shaped);
 Compound odontoma (multiple small tooth-like
forms);
 Complex odontoma (a disorganized mass of
dental tissue)
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42. CAUSES
 Genetic factor
 Environmental factor(radiation therapy and certain
medications such as retinoic acid and cyclosporine
 Over activity of the dental lamina during tooth
development
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43. TRETAMENT
 It is important to detect, evaluate, and treat
supernumerary teeth as soon as possible
 As a majority of supernumerary teeth cause
clinical problems , treatment generally consists
of removal of the teeth when possible
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44. MALOCCLUSION
 A malocclusion is a misalignment or incorrect
relation between the teeth of the two dental
arches when they approach each other as
the jaws close.
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46. CAUSES
 Malocclusion is often present at birth and
can manifest as space between the teeth,
irregular jaw or mouth size, or even a cleft
palate.
 It can also be acquired from habits such as
thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, premature
loss of teeth from an accident or dental
disease
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47. TREATMENT
 Devices
Dentures, Braces, and Clear aligners
 Preventative
Hygiene ;Personal cleanliness that promotes
health and well-being.
 Surgery
Ortho gnathic surgery and Maxillomandibular
advancement
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48. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
related to inability to chew as evidenced by
patient having missing and damaged teeth.
 Impaired dentition related to toothache and teeth
sensitivity secondary to dental caries as
evidenced by extreme pain.
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49. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Pain management
 Health education on oral care
 Advice mouth care before and after meal
 Advice to filter high fluoride content water
 Advice to decrease acidic drinks
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50. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all we would like to thanks my almighty of God.
Next to this we would like to express our deepest gratitude
and appreciation to our Lecturer Mr. Tadele K. {BSc, MSc,
Ass’t. prof} for his remarkable teaching on Medical Surgical
and for giving me this opportunity.
At the Last but not Least we would like to thanks Salale
University for Library and WIFI Service.
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51. REFERENCE
1) Systemic Disease Manifestations in the Oral Cavity
Geraldine Nurse , DO, FACOFP Doctors Hospital
Family Practice, Grove City, Ohio
2) Mossey PA. The heritability of malocclusion: Part 1.
Genetics, principles and terminology. Br J Orthod
1999;26:103–13
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52. THANK YOU!!!!!!
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