This document discusses coastal blue carbon ecosystems and their role in climate change mitigation. It begins with an introduction describing blue carbon ecosystems as highly efficient carbon sinks. The objective is described as examining coastal wetlands as carbon stores and the role of restoration in climate mitigation. The document then covers topics such as the concept of blue carbon, management and threats to blue carbon ecosystems, and the effects of climate change. It concludes by stating that conserving coastal ecosystems could offset emissions and climate change mitigation is a major impact of coastal blue carbon.

1. Submitted by :
FATHIMA FAYIZA ELACHOLA
ASSISTANT PROFFESSOR
ERANAD KNOWLEDGE CITY TECHNICAL CAMPUS

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Objective of study
 scope
 Literature review
 Concept of coastal blue carbon
 Management of blue carbon
 Blue carbon ecosystems
 Application of coastal blue carbon to restoration
 Threats to coastal blue carbon
 Climate and blue carbon
 Resolving climate change effects on blue carbon
 Results
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
 vegetated coastal ecosystems has highlighted their
potential as highly efficient Carbon sinks
 vegetated habitats cover less than 0.5%, they are
responsible for more than 50%, and potentially up to
70%, of all carbon storage
 Conserving and restoring BC ecosystems not only
maintains CO2 sequestration capacity but also services
essential for climate change adaptation

4. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
 Coastal wetlands store a lot of “blue carbon,” mostly in
soils.
 Coastal wetland restoration is becoming an important
climate mitigation option.
 When protected or restored, blue carbon ecosystems
sequester and store carbon.
 When degraded or destroyed, these ecosystems emit the
carbon they have stored for centuries into the atmosphere
and oceans and become sources of greenhouse gases.
 critical along the world's coasts, supporting coastal water
quality, healthy fisheries, and coastal protection against
floods and storms.

5. SCOPE
 provide jobs and income to local economies
 to improve water quality, support healthy fisheries, and
provide coastal protection.
 Mangroves act as natural barriers
 improves water quality, and reduces erosion.
 Coastal wetlands absorb pollutants
 to maintain water quality and preventing eutrophication.
 provide important nursery habitat and breeding grounds to
support fisheries and a variety of recreational opportunities

6. GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE

7. Concept of coastal blue carbon
 Blue carbon is the carbon captured by the worlds
oceans and coastal ecosystems.
 The carbon captured by living organisms in oceans is
stored in the form of biomass and sediments from
mangroves , salt marshes and sea grasses.
 an effective mechanism to mitigate climate change,

9. Processes Contributing to Accumulation of Blue Carbon Stocks in Coastal Ecosystems
(Source : Journal One earth –volume 3 ,issue 2, 21 August 2020, Pages 195-211)

10. Classification of blue carbon
 • Autochthonous Carbon: This type of carbon is
produced and deposited in the same location.
 • Allochthonous Carbon: This type of carbon is
produced in one location and deposited in another.

11. Management of blue carbon
 Some studies being developed for climate change
mitigation may offer an additional route for effective
coastal management
 actions to conserve the carbon stocks also ensure the
preservation of these and other critical ecosystem
services
 coastal protection through wave attenuation and
erosion prevention

12. Blue carbon ecosystems(types)
 Sea grass meadows : High accumulation rates, low
oxygen , sediment conductivity and microbial
decomposition rates
 Mangrove : resilient to many of the natural
disturbances, they are highly susceptible to human
impacts including urban development,
 Tidal salt marshes : susceptible to pollution from oil,
industrial chemicals, and most commonly,
eutrophication.

13. ECO SYSTEMS
Howard et al. 2017 – paper : reef resilient network

14. APPLICATION OF COASTAL BLUE CARBON TO
RESTORATION
 Food security
 Soil protection and control of erosion
 Poverty
 alleviation of Shelter
 Fish production
 Wildlife habitat
 Tourism
 Coastal protection

15. KEY BENEFITS FROM COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
(source: journal -science china earth sciences)
Food security Soil protection and control of erosion
and sedimentation
Poverty alleviation Shelter and wood (fuel
Fish production Wildlife habitat
Tourism Cultural identify
Coastal protection Natural adaptation and resilience to
climate change
Clean water Climate change mitigation through storing
and transferring carbon from the
atmosphere and oceans

16. THREATS COASTAL BLUE CARBON
 coastal development
 land use changes
 Agriculture
 Channelization
 Creation of dams
 Water pollution from ships

17. ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL LOSS
(source : Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, volume 19,
issue1)
Ecosystems
Process of global
loss
Annual rate of
global loss
references
Mangroves 20% 0.7 to 3 %
Valila et.al(2001)
Spalding et.al(2010)
Seagrasses 50% 7 %
Costanza et.al(1997)
Waycott et.al(2009)
Salt marshes 25% 1 to 2 %
Bridgham
et.al(2006)
Duarte et.al(2008)

18. CLIMATE AND BLUE CARBON
 blue carbon being ranked among the most effective
ocean-based solutions for climate change.
 climate change mitigation through conservation and
restoration was estimated to be 14% of that provided
by other potential nature-based solutions
 Green house gas reduction achieved by sequestration
of carbon and it is relating to climate
 Blue carbon ecosystem conservation can reduce global
warming

20. RESOLVING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON
BLUE CARBON
 By knowing their distribution, exposure, and
sensitivity on climate change
 identifying and promoting priority scientific research
needed to describe and monitor carbon in coastal
ecosystems
 developing conservation and management tools to
protect coastal systems for their carbon sequestration
and storage capacity
 Preservation may include direct or indirect
approaches to maintain or enhance biogeochemical
processes,

21. RESOLVING CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON
BLUE CARBON (contd..)
 passive or active reforestation of logged and degraded
mangrove forests.
 earthwork interventions to return aquaculture ponds
to mangrove ecosystems.
 and the restoration of hydrology to drained coastal
floodplains

22. RESULTS
 The role of BC in climate change mitigation and
adaptation has now reached international
prominence.
 still fall short of showing CO2 exchanges between
water and air affect carbon sequestration.
 blue carbon’s ability to offset emissions will give
coastal ecosystems a place on the international
mitigation and adaptation.
 conserving mangroves, tidal marshes and sea grasses
could help avoid emissions of about 1 million tonnes of
CO2 per year

23. Results (contd)
 These “blue carbon” sinks are being lost at critical rates
and action is urgently required to prevent further
degradation and loss
 influence of carbon sequestration in coastal
ecosystems is needed to identify sites that are high
priorities for restoration and conservation
management
 temperature affects the underlying metabolic
processes of C gain through photosynthesis and C loss
through plant and microbial respiration.

24. CONCLUSION
 strategies for managing vegetated coastal habitats for
blue carbon outcomes are Reducing anthropogenic
nutrients to increase carbon storage
 Controlling bio turbator populations to prevent
carbon loss and Restoring hydrology to increase
carbon accumulation
 reducing current greenhouse gas emissions from
degraded coastal ecosystems through improved
conservation and restoration.
 Climate change mitigation is the major impact of
coastal blue carbon ecosystem.

25. REFERENCES
 Ivan Valiela, Jennifer L Bowen and Joanna K York (2001), “Mangrove Forests:
One of the World’s Threatened Major Tropical Environments”
 Nellemann C ( 2009) Blue Carbon. A Rapid Response Assessment. United
Nations Environment Programme
 James Fourqurean (2012) COASTAL BLUE CARBON Florida International
University
 Linwood Pendleton((2012) Estimating Global ‘Blue Carbon’ Emissions from
Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems. Journal PLoS
ONE
 Adame, M.F., Wright, S.F., Grinham, A., Lobb, K., Reymond, C.E. & Lovelock,
C.E. (2012). Terrestrail-marine connectivity: Patterns of terrrestrail soil carbon
deposition in coastal sediments determined by analysis of glomalin related soil
protein
 Daniel .m Alongi(2014) Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3,
Townsville MC, Townsville 4810, QLD, Australia