1. The coomon carotid artery a) topography - carotid sinus - carotid body 2. Neurovascular bundles of the neck 3. The external carotid artery 4. The internal carotid artery - arterial supply of the brain 5. Arterial anastomoses head and neck 6. Veins of the head and neck

1. The Department of Human anatomyThe Department of Human anatomy
Blood Supply
(Arteries and Veins) of
Head and Neck
Arterial and venous
anastomoses

2. PLANPLAN
1.1. The coomon carotid arteryThe coomon carotid artery
a)a) topographytopography
-- carotid sinuscarotid sinus
-- carotid bodycarotid body
2. Neurovascular bundles of the neck2. Neurovascular bundles of the neck
3. The external carotid artery3. The external carotid artery
4.4. The internal carotid arteryThe internal carotid artery
-- arterial supply of the brainarterial supply of the brain
5.5. Arterial anastomoses head and neckArterial anastomoses head and neck
6. Veins of the head and neckeins of the head and neck

3. Topicality:Topicality:
 Knowledge of blood supply of theKnowledge of blood supply of the
brain is important for you, becousebrain is important for you, becouse
cerebro-vascular pathology is ancerebro-vascular pathology is an
actual problem in all countries.actual problem in all countries.
Vascular disease of the brain is 30-Vascular disease of the brain is 30-
50% of diseases of the vascular50% of diseases of the vascular
system. Mortality from ynsultsystem. Mortality from ynsult is 12-is 12-
15% of total mortality.15% of total mortality.

4. The branches of aortic archThe branches of aortic arch
Aortic arch has threeAortic arch has three
major branchesmajor branches
1)1) BrachiocephalicBrachiocephalic
trunc (artery)trunc (artery) divided into:divided into:
 Right subclavianRight subclavian
 Right common carotidRight common carotid
2)2) Left common carotidLeft common carotid
divided into:divided into:
 External carotidExternal carotid
 Internal carotidInternal carotid
3)3) Left subclavianLeft subclavian


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6. The common carotidThe common carotid
arteryartery
The common
carotid artery
runs upwards
in the neck to
the upper
border of the
thyroid
cartilage.
Then it divides
into external
and internal
carotid
arteries.

7. Attention:
to stop
bleeding of the
common
carotid artery,
need to
pressed the
artery to the
сarotic
tubercle of the
sixth cervical
vertebra.
Carotid triangle
is formed

8. Carotid Sinus-Carotid Sinus- this is the small balloonthis is the small balloon
like structure at the start of thelike structure at the start of the
internal carotid artery. The dilationinternal carotid artery. The dilation
sometimes extends to the commonsometimes extends to the common
carotid artery. The carotid sinus iscarotid artery. The carotid sinus is
a barometer that monitors arteriala barometer that monitors arterial
blood pressure.blood pressure.
Carotid Body-Carotid Body- this is a small oval massthis is a small oval mass
located at the bifurcation of thelocated at the bifurcation of the
common carotid artery, betweencommon carotid artery, between
the two branches – internal andthe two branches – internal and
external carotid arteries. It is aexternal carotid arteries. It is a
chemoreceptor that monitors thechemoreceptor that monitors the
oxygen levels in the blood.oxygen levels in the blood.
.
.
Carotid Reflex Zone

9. I (main) underunder
m.sternocleidomastoideusm.sternocleidomastoideus
and consists of:and consists of:
- a. carotis communis
- v. jugularis interna
- n. vagus
NeurovascularNeurovascular
bundle of the neckbundle of the neck
II (in the lateral triangle)in the lateral triangle)
- a. subclavia- a. subclavia
-- v. subclaviav. subclavia
- pars supraclavicularis
plexus brachialis

10. I. Front (anterior) group:
- superior Thyroid Artery
- the Lingual Artery ( lies in the triangle
Pirogov)
- Facial Artery
II. Posterior group:
- the Occipital Artery
- the Posterior Auricular Artery
- Sternocleidomastoideus Branch
III. Medial group:
- the Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
IV. Terminal branches
- superficial Temporal Artery
- the Maxillary Artery
Major branches of the Maxillary Artery:
1. Infraorbital artery
2. Posterior superior alveolar artery
3. Inferior alveolar artery
The external carotid artery
It supplies structures external to the skull.

11. Branches a. maxillaris

12. The Internal Carotid ArteryThe Internal Carotid Artery it has 4it has 4
parts:parts:
AA .. Cervical,Cervical, BB. Petrous,. Petrous, CC. Cavernous,. Cavernous, DD. Cerebral. Cerebral
Inside the skull the
internal carotid artery
gives off the
ophthalmic artery
which supplies the
optic nerve, eye, orbit
and scalp. The internal
carotid arteries are two of
the four main arteries
that supply blood to
the brain.
The internal carotid artery has no branches outside the skull and
enters the skull through the carotid canal.

13. BranchesBranches ofof InternalInternal
Carotid ArteryCarotid Artery

15. The arterial cerebral circulation is normallyThe arterial cerebral circulation is normally
divided into anterior cerebral circulation anddivided into anterior cerebral circulation and
posterior cerebral circulation. There are twoposterior cerebral circulation. There are two
main pairs of arteries that supply the cerebralmain pairs of arteries that supply the cerebral
arteries and the cerebellum: Internal carotidarteries and the cerebellum: Internal carotid
arteries and vertebral arteries.arteries and vertebral arteries.
Arterial Supply of the Brain
The components:
The Circle of Willis is a part of the cerebral
circulation and is composed of the following
arteries:
-Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
-Anterior communicating artery
-Internal carotid artery (left and right)
-Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
-Posterior communicating artery (left and right)
The basilar artery and middle cerebral arteries,
supplying the brain, are also considered part of
the circle.

16. Arterial anastomoses head andArterial anastomoses head and
neckneck
Anastomosis ensure the normal functioning collaterals andAnastomosis ensure the normal functioning collaterals and
if the blood flow in VBS is reduced they prevent theif the blood flow in VBS is reduced they prevent the
development of neurological disorders.development of neurological disorders.
 A.A. Intersystem between branches a. carotis externa and a.Intersystem between branches a. carotis externa and a.
subclavia:subclavia:
 1. a. thyroidea superior + a. thyroidea inferior1. a. thyroidea superior + a. thyroidea inferior
 2. rr. occipitales + rr. musculares2. rr. occipitales + rr. musculares
 3. Circulus arteriosi cerebri3. Circulus arteriosi cerebri (The Circle of Willis)(The Circle of Willis)
 B.B. Intersystem between branches a. carotis externa and a.Intersystem between branches a. carotis externa and a.
carotis interna:carotis interna:
 1. a. angularis + a. dorsalis nasi1. a. angularis + a. dorsalis nasi
 2. a. zygomaticoorbitalis + a. supraorbitalis et a.lacrimalis2. a. zygomaticoorbitalis + a. supraorbitalis et a.lacrimalis
 C.C. AAnastomoses within the pool a. carotis internanastomoses within the pool a. carotis interna
 1. a.a. palpebrales laterales+ a.a. palpebrales mediales1. a.a. palpebrales laterales+ a.a. palpebrales mediales
 2. a. communicans anterior2. a. communicans anterior

17.  D. AD. Anastomoses within the pool a. carotisnastomoses within the pool a. carotis
externaexterna
 11. a.sublingualis(br. a. lingualis)+ a.submentalis (br.. a.sublingualis(br. a. lingualis)+ a.submentalis (br.
a. facialis).a. facialis).
 22.. a.palatina ascdendens(br.a.facialis)+ a.pharyngeaa.palatina ascdendens(br.a.facialis)+ a.pharyngea
ascdendens(br.a.carotis externa).ascdendens(br.a.carotis externa).
 33.rr.occipitalis(br.a.occipitalis).rr.occipitalis(br.a.occipitalis)
+rr.occipitalis(br.a.auricularis posterior)+rr.occipitalis(br.a.auricularis posterior)
+rr.temporalis superficialis(br.a.carotis externa).+rr.temporalis superficialis(br.a.carotis externa).
 44. a.transversa faciei (br.a.temporalis superficialis)+. a.transversa faciei (br.a.temporalis superficialis)+
br. a. facialis(a.carotis externa).br. a. facialis(a.carotis externa).
 55.a.mentalis(a.maxillaris)+a.labialis inferior et.a.mentalis(a.maxillaris)+a.labialis inferior et
a.submentalis (br. a. facialis).a.submentalis (br. a. facialis).

18.  66. a.buccalis(br.a.maxillaris)+ rr.a.facialis(a.carotis. a.buccalis(br.a.maxillaris)+ rr.a.facialis(a.carotis
externa).externa).
 77. a.palatina major (rr.palatina descendens a.. a.palatina major (rr.palatina descendens a.
maxillaris) + a.nasalis posterior septimaxillaris) + a.nasalis posterior septi
(rr.a.sphenopalatina a. maxillaris).(rr.a.sphenopalatina a. maxillaris).
 88. a.palatina descendens (br.a.maxillaris)+palatina. a.palatina descendens (br.a.maxillaris)+palatina
ascendens(br.a facialis).ascendens(br.a facialis).
 99. a.nasalis posterior septi (rr.a.sphenopalatina a.. a.nasalis posterior septi (rr.a.sphenopalatina a.
maxillaris)+ a.labialis superior (br.a facialis).maxillaris)+ a.labialis superior (br.a facialis).
 1010. rr.auricularis anteriores (rr.a.temporalis. rr.auricularis anteriores (rr.a.temporalis
superficialis)+rr.auricularis (br.a.auricularissuperficialis)+rr.auricularis (br.a.auricularis
posterior).posterior).
 1111. a.infraorbitalis + a.labialis superior.+. a.infraorbitalis + a.labialis superior.+
a.zygomaticoorbitalis.a.zygomaticoorbitalis.

19. C.C. Between equal branches oppositeBetween equal branches opposite
sidessides
 1.1. r. infrahyoideus (br.a.thyroidea superior a.carotisr. infrahyoideus (br.a.thyroidea superior a.carotis
externa).externa).
 22. r. cricothyroideus (br.a.thyroidea superior a.carotis. r. cricothyroideus (br.a.thyroidea superior a.carotis
externa).externa).
 33. r. suprahyoideus (br.a.lingualis a.carotis externa).. r. suprahyoideus (br.a.lingualis a.carotis externa).
 44. rr.dorsalis lingue (br.a.lingualis a.carotis externa).. rr.dorsalis lingue (br.a.lingualis a.carotis externa).
 5.5. aa. labialis superior et inferior (br.a.facialis a.carotisaa. labialis superior et inferior (br.a.facialis a.carotis
externa).externa).
 66. rr. occipitalis (br.a.occipitalis a.carotis externa).. rr. occipitalis (br.a.occipitalis a.carotis externa).
 77. r. parietalis (br.. r. parietalis (br.a.temporalis superficialisa.temporalis superficialis a.carotisa.carotis
externa).externa).
 88. a. supratrohlearis (br. a.ophthalmica. a. supratrohlearis (br. a.ophthalmica a.carotisa.carotis
externa).externa).

20. The Veins of the Head andThe Veins of the Head and
NeckNeckThe veins, which return the blood from the head
and neck, are:
1. Internal Jugular. The jugular veins are veins
that bring deoxygenated blood from the head
back to the heart via the superior vena cava.
It is somewhat dilated at its origin, and this
dilatation is called the superior bulb.
It also has a common trunk into which drains the
anterior branch of the retromandibular vein, the
facial vein, and the lingual vein.
It runs down the side of the neck in a vertical
direction, being at one end lateral to the internal
carotid artery, and then lateral to the common
carotid, and at the root of the neck, it unites with
the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic
vein (innominate vein); a little above its
termination is a second dilatation, the inferior
bulb.
2. External Jugular.
3. Anterior Jugular.
4 Vertebral
•.

21. TheThe
exstracranialexstracranial
tributaries of thetributaries of the
Internal JugularInternal Jugular
veinvein
1.The facial vein and the1.The facial vein and the
deep facial vein.deep facial vein.
2 The angular vein.2 The angular vein.
3. The retromandidular3. The retromandidular
vein.vein.
4. The superficial temporal4. The superficial temporal
vein.vein.
5. The maxillary vein.5. The maxillary vein.
6. The lingual vein6. The lingual vein
7. The superior thyroid vein7. The superior thyroid vein

22. The intracranial tributaries ofThe intracranial tributaries of
thethe Internal Jugular veinInternal Jugular vein
The venous drainage of the head and neck begins as
drainage of the brain. There are:

23. Venous sinusesVenous sinuses
Name Drains to
Inferior sagittal sinus Straight sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
Typically becomes right
transverse sinus
Straight sinus
Typically becomes left
transverse sinus
Occipital sinus Confluence of sinuses
Confluence of sinuses
Reference point, not an
actual sinus
Sphenoparietal sinuses Cavernous sinuses
Cavernous sinuses
Superior and inferior
petrosal sinuses
Superior petrosal sinus Transverse sinuses
Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus Sigmoid sinus
Sigmoid sinuses Internal jugular vein

24. The cerebralThe cerebral
veinsveins
 TheThe cerebral veinscerebral veins areare
divisible into superficialdivisible into superficial
and deep groups.and deep groups.
The superficial veins areThe superficial veins are
the:the:
 a) superior cerebral veinsa) superior cerebral veins
 b) inferior cerebral veinsb) inferior cerebral veins
 c)c) middle cerebral vein.middle cerebral vein.
The deep veins are the:The deep veins are the:
 a) internal cerebral veinsa) internal cerebral veins
 b) great cerebral veinsb) great cerebral veins

25. The ophthalmic veins drain the constituentsThe ophthalmic veins drain the constituents
of the orbit.of the orbit.
1. The superior ophthalmic vein.1. The superior ophthalmic vein.
2. The inferior ophthalmic vein.2. The inferior ophthalmic vein.
The ophthalmic veins

26. The diploic veins The emissaryThe diploic veins The emissary
veinsveinsThe diploic veins are theThe diploic veins are the
thinwallrd veins embeddedthinwallrd veins embedded
into the cancellous boneinto the cancellous bone
of calvaria.of calvaria.
1.1. The frontal diploic vein.The frontal diploic vein.
2.2. The anterior temporalThe anterior temporal
diploic vein.diploic vein.
3.3. The posterior temporalThe posterior temporal
diploic vein.diploic vein.
4.4. The occipital diploic veinThe occipital diploic vein
 TheThe emissary veinsemissary veins areare
valveless veins whichvalveless veins which
normally drain from the duralnormally drain from the dural
venous sinuses into veins thatvenous sinuses into veins that
lie outside the skull.lie outside the skull.
 1. The parietal emissary veins.1. The parietal emissary veins.
 2. The mastoid emissary veins.2. The mastoid emissary veins.
 3. The condylar emissary veins.3. The condylar emissary veins.
 4. The occipital emissary veins.4. The occipital emissary veins.

27. Thank you for attention!