Blood Pressure and it's information, Hypertension, Stroke
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Blood pressure is the amount of force exerted by blood on the walls of arteries as it is pumped by the heart. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and expressed as a ratio of systolic over diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure occurs when the heart contracts while diastolic pressure is when the heart relaxes between beats. Blood pressure is affected by factors like age, obesity, stress, sleep, family history, salt intake, and alcohol consumption. Untreated high blood pressure or hypertension can significantly increase the risks of stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, and vision problems.
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![Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the amount of force the blood uses to get through
vessels.
There are three types of blood vessels:
1 Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
2 Veins: Carry blood back toward the heart.
3 Capillaries: the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins. [1]
Figure 1: Blood Vessel [2]
Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 2 / 8](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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When blood pressure is measured, two numbers are recorded: one for the systolic blood pressure and one for the diastolic blood pressure.
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Blood Pressure Basics
Measured by Force of Blood on Artery Walls
Measured in Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure:
Volume of Water in Body
Salt Content of Body
Condition of Kidneys, Nervous System and Blood Vessels (Arteries and Veins)
Levels of Various Hormones in Body (adrenal hormones eg.aldosterone)
Definition of Blood pressure:
The Bp is the pressure of the blood within the arteries.
OR
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
OR
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel that helps to push blood through the body.
Arteries take blood away from the heart.
Arterial Pressure is the force exerted by the blood upon the walls of the arteries.
Veins bring blood to the heart.
Venous Pressure is the force exerted by the blood upon the wall of the veins.
Systole over Diastole
Blood Pressure = Systolic Pressure over Diastolic Pressure
120/80 mmHg (Healthy Measurement)
Blood Pressure is Highest(120) During Systole (Ventricles Contract and send blood out)
Blood Pressure is Lowest (80) pressure During Diastole( Ventricles Relax and Refill )
Systolic blood pressure measures the amount of pressure that blood exerts on vessels while the heart is beating(systole).
The optimal systolic blood pressure is 120 mmHg.
Diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure in the vessels between heartbeats(diastole). The optimal diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg.
FACTORS AFFECTING BP
Age, race, family history, overweight, alcoholism.high intake of sodium. Less potassium, chronic diseases, stress etc.
REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE
SHORT-TERM NEURAL CONTROL
Neural or nervous system regulating of blood pressure is achieved through the role of cardiovascular centers and baroreceptor stimulation.
Autonomic nervous system: the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, blood pressure modulation.
Sympathetic nervous system: under stress raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels.
Parasympathetic: inhibits or opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.
Baroreceptor: a nerve ending that is sensitive to changes in blood pressure in the blood vessels .
Norepinephrine: Epinephrine increases arterial pressure.
SHORT-TERM CHEMICAL CONTROL
Blood pressure is controlled chemically through dilation or constriction of the blood vessels by vasodilators and vasoconstrictors.
Constriction or dilation of blood vessels alters resistance, increasing or decreasing blood pressure respectively.
vasodilation: The dilation (widening) of a blood vessel. Ex:Nitroglycerin,hydralazine
vasoconstriction: The constriction (narrowing) of a blood vessel.epinephrine ,dopamine.
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The important members of the classical RAS pathway are:
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Hypertension
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The Bp is the pressure of the blood within the arteries.
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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel that helps to push blood through the body.
Arteries take blood away from the heart.
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Veins bring blood to the heart.
Venous Pressure is the force exerted by the blood upon the wall of the veins.
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Age, race, family history, overweight, alcoholism.high intake of sodium. Less potassium, chronic diseases, stress etc.
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Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high (140/90 mmHg or higher).
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The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body via the arteries and returns oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs and heart via the veins. Some key facts about the cardiovascular system are that the adult heart pumps nearly 4,000 gallons of blood per day and beats about 30 million times per year. Common medical tests used to diagnose heart conditions include exercise stress tests, Holter monitors, electrocardiograms, and cardiac catheterizations. Major cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and stroke. Preventing cardiovascular disease involves controlling risk factors like smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lack of physical activity, and obesity.
highbloodpressure-150316155659-conversion-gate01.pptx
This document provides guidelines and information about hypertension. It defines hypertension as high blood pressure, or a systolic pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure over 90 mmHg. It discusses the causes and risk factors of hypertension like age, family history, obesity, and lifestyle factors. It also outlines the treatment and management of hypertension through lifestyle modifications and medication if needed. Left untreated, hypertension can increase the risk of serious health complications like heart attack, stroke, heart failure and kidney damage. Regular blood pressure monitoring and preventative measures are important for reducing hypertension risk.
Heart disease.pptx
This document provides an overview of heart disease and coronary artery disease. It discusses the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronary artery disease. The main points are:
- Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the arteries that supply the heart, restricting blood flow.
- Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity.
- Symptoms may include chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack.
- Diagnosis involves tests like EKGs, stress tests, angiograms to evaluate blockages.
- Treatment includes medications to control risk factors, procedures to open blockages like angiop
Hypertension
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, refers to elevated systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure that increases the risks of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and other complications. Blood pressure is measured using a cuff on the upper arm and listening for pulsations with a stethoscope. Lifestyle modifications like reducing salt and alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular exercise can help lower blood pressure and reduce risks from hypertension.
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart conditions caused by high blood pressure and includes problems like heart failure, coronary artery disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Risk factors include obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, an unhealthy diet, family history, and increasing age. Symptoms vary but can include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, and tests like EKGs, echocardiograms, and stress tests. Treatment depends on severity but may include medications, surgeries like bypass, or devices like pacemakers. Preventing high blood pressure through diet, exercise, weight control and not smoking can reduce heart disease risk.
Hypertension
This document provides an overview of hypertension (high blood pressure). It defines hypertension and normal blood pressure readings. It discusses factors that influence blood pressure like heart rate, vascular resistance, and fluid volume. It covers the etiology, epidemiology, types (essential, secondary, malignant, isolated systolic, resistant), signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology involving the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin system, and fluid volume regulation. It also addresses the diagnosis, complications, and management of hypertension through both non-pharmacological (lifestyle modifications, diet) and pharmacological (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers) approaches.
Hypertention ppt
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as an average systolic blood pressure above 140 mm Hg or an average diastolic blood pressure above 90 mm Hg based on multiple readings. There are three main types of hypertension: essential or primary hypertension which has no known cause, secondary hypertension caused by other conditions, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Blood pressure is regulated by both rapid-acting mechanisms like the sympathetic nervous system and baroreceptors, and slower-acting mechanisms like the kidneys and renin-angiotensin system. Uncontrolled hypertension increases the risks of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and other health issues.
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as sustained elevated blood pressure levels. It is classified based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. The main types are primary hypertension, which has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by other diseases like kidney disease. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, stress, salt intake, and lack of exercise. While hypertension itself has no symptoms, it can damage organs like the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes over time if left uncontrolled. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medications like calcium channel blockers and alpha blockers. Regular checkups and preventative measures like lifestyle changes and education can help control hypertension.
Blood pressure(hypo-hypetension)
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries and is measured in mmHg. It is recorded as two numbers - systolic (top number measuring pressure when the heart beats) and diastolic (bottom number measuring pressure between heartbeats). Blood pressure can be affected by conditions, medications, and psychological factors. Both low blood pressure (hypotension) and high blood pressure (hypertension) can lead to health issues and require treatment or lifestyle changes.
endocrinology assosiated with cardiovascular disease
The document discusses the relationship between the endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Specifically, it covers how thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can impact the heart and lead to conditions like cardiomyopathy. It also discusses how hormones from the thyroid gland and adrenal glands can cause high blood pressure and discusses menstrual cycle related changes in hormones that increase heart palpitations and arrhythmia risk during menopause. Finally, it covers atherosclerosis, describing what it is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment as well as angina, its symptoms and treatment options.
Hypertension
The document discusses hypertension including its definition, types, symptoms, risk factors, pathophysiology, classifications, causes, complications, and treatment. It defines normal and abnormal blood pressure values and classifications. It describes primary and secondary hypertension and their causes. Untreated hypertension can damage the heart, kidneys, retina and brain. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications like diet, exercise, and weight loss as well as pharmacological therapies targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Blood Pressure and it's information, Hypertension, Stroke
- 1. Blood Pressure Dr. Manjunatha. P manjup.jnnce@gmail.com Professor Dept. of ECE J.N.N. College of Engineering, Shimoga January 9, 2024
- 2. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the amount of force the blood uses to get through vessels. There are three types of blood vessels: 1 Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. 2 Veins: Carry blood back toward the heart. 3 Capillaries: the smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins. [1] Figure 1: Blood Vessel [2] Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 2 / 8
- 3. Blood Pressure Blood pressure is the measurement of the pressure of blood inside the arteries. The heart pumps the blood into arteries that carry the blood throughout the body. Blood pressure is measured in units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg) Blood pressure readings are made up of two values: Systolic blood pressure: is the pressure when the heart beats while the heart muscle is contracting (squeezing) and pumping oxygen-rich blood into the blood vessels. Diastolic blood pressure: is the pressure on the blood vessels when the heart muscle relaxes. The readings are always given in pairs, with the upper is the systolic value, followed by the lower diastolic value. For example if the blood pressure is 120/75, it means the systolic pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 75mmHg. The diastolic pressure is always lower than the systolic pressure. Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 3 / 8
- 4. Blood Pressure The following table is used as a guide to understand the blood Pressure: Blood Pressure Category Systolic Diastolic Normal Less than 120 Less than 80 Elevated 120-130 Less than 80 Hypertension -Stage 1 130-139 80-90 Hypertension -Stage 2 More than 140 More than 90 Hypertensive (Critical) More than 180 More than 120 Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 4 / 8
- 5. Blood Pressure Factors Affecting Blood Pressure Age: Blood pressure tends to increase with age because blood vessels thicken and stiffen over time. Sleep: The pressure is lowered up to 15 to 20 mm Hg during deep sleep. Family history: If parent or sibling have a history of high blood it may continue in a similar way. Obesity: Excess weight causes changes in the blood vessels. Salt: More intake of salt in the food can cause the body to retain fluid. Alcohol: Drinking a lot of alcohol can affect the muscles in the blood vessels. This can cause blood vessels to become narrower and thereby increase the blood pressure. Stress: High levels of stress can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 5 / 8
- 6. Blood Pressure High blood pressure (hypertension) High blood pressure is often called the silent killer Most of the time, hypertension, has no obvious symptoms on the body Hypertension has the following rarely noticeable symptoms: Headaches Blurred vision Shortness of breath Chest pain Dizziness High blood pressure can significantly increase the risk of: Stroke Heart disease (Heart attack, Heart failure) Kidney failure (Narrowed blood vessels in kidneys) Vision problems (Narrowed blood vessels in eyes) Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 6 / 8
- 7. Thank You Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 7 / 8
- 8. References “Cleveland clinic,” https://my.clevelandclinic.org/. “saralmind,” https://www.saralmind.com/school/school-class-8-9-10/class-10/science-class-10/physiological- structure-and-life-process-class-10/blood-circulation-in-human-body. Dr. Manjunatha. P (JNNCE) Blood Pressure January 9, 2024 8 / 8