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ZCRS
 Sides but not straight ahead
(macular degeneration)
 Vision patchy or spotted
(Diabetic retinopathy)
 Vision cloudy or misty
(Cataract)
 They could see nothing at all-
pitch darkness
 Straight ahead but nothing
sides
 Difficult to see in bright light
 A child may be blind if ,
 The mother had German measels while she was
expecting
 The hospital gave the baby too much oxygen at the time
she was born
 She inherits some eye condition from her parents
To test for 3 months – 4 years child
 Hold any object (bright light or red coloured) 50cm in
front of the child while the child is sitting
 Move the object from side to side
 Repeat 2 – 3 times
 Eyes will follow
 Stand at a distance of 3 meters in front of a child show
3 fingers and ask the child to count
 Chances of difficulty in walking in the darkness.
 Parents need support and advice
 How to walk, eat, dress , play , go to school and enjoy
life must be educated
 Awareness of self
 The child has to create her own mind , a picture of
world, her position, and movements and how to relate
it.
HEARING:
 Describe the child what every sound means, even if it
is unimportant.
 Sit outside with child , listening to sounds and discuss
them, birds singing, water running
 As you clap train child to walk toward the clapping
TOUCH
 Needs to learn feel everything around her
 Learns the difference between rough and smooth soft
and hard hot and cold
 Toys to play with using both hands
 Play with different objects
 Must be encouraged to explore whatever in his hand
SMELL AND TASTE
 Learns different odours, fragnances and taste. Must
also learn the direct the smell is coming from.
REMAINING VISION
 She must be encouraged to use any vision if she/he has
SOCIAL INTEGRATION
 She must be told
 How to sit , listen, and disciplined behaviour
CAUSES
 Diabetes
 Cataract
 An accident
 Old age
 If a child is born deaf, it is more difficult for him to
learn to speak
 If other disabilities are also present, learning to
communicate becomes more difficult
 The earlier the problem is recognised the better
 Before birth
 After birth
 Heriditary
 Infections during early pregnancy
 Premature birth
 Poor diet , lack of iodine
 Certain medicines taken during pregnancy
 Difficult birth , baby slow to breathe
 Ear infection, especially long lasting with pus
 Meningitis
 Certain medicines
 Frequent loud noises
 Hot and feverish
 Crying a lot
 He may keep rubbing ear
 Pus coming out of ear
 Does not show surprise when loud noise is heard
 Turns his head towards familiar noise or voice
 By 18 months has he begun to say new words
 Prevent ear infection
 Woman must be vaccinated in pregnancy
 Diet factors, iodised salt , food rich in iron, vitamins
and minerals
 Never put pointed object the ear

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EXAMINATION OF HUMAN URINE AND FAECES.pdf
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EXAMINATION OF HUMAN URINE AND FAECES.pdf
 

Blindness and deafness a common problem of children

  • 2.  Sides but not straight ahead (macular degeneration)  Vision patchy or spotted (Diabetic retinopathy)  Vision cloudy or misty (Cataract)  They could see nothing at all- pitch darkness  Straight ahead but nothing sides  Difficult to see in bright light
  • 3.  A child may be blind if ,  The mother had German measels while she was expecting  The hospital gave the baby too much oxygen at the time she was born  She inherits some eye condition from her parents
  • 4. To test for 3 months – 4 years child  Hold any object (bright light or red coloured) 50cm in front of the child while the child is sitting  Move the object from side to side  Repeat 2 – 3 times  Eyes will follow
  • 5.  Stand at a distance of 3 meters in front of a child show 3 fingers and ask the child to count  Chances of difficulty in walking in the darkness.
  • 6.  Parents need support and advice  How to walk, eat, dress , play , go to school and enjoy life must be educated
  • 7.  Awareness of self  The child has to create her own mind , a picture of world, her position, and movements and how to relate it.
  • 8. HEARING:  Describe the child what every sound means, even if it is unimportant.  Sit outside with child , listening to sounds and discuss them, birds singing, water running  As you clap train child to walk toward the clapping
  • 9. TOUCH  Needs to learn feel everything around her  Learns the difference between rough and smooth soft and hard hot and cold  Toys to play with using both hands  Play with different objects  Must be encouraged to explore whatever in his hand
  • 10. SMELL AND TASTE  Learns different odours, fragnances and taste. Must also learn the direct the smell is coming from.
  • 11. REMAINING VISION  She must be encouraged to use any vision if she/he has
  • 12. SOCIAL INTEGRATION  She must be told  How to sit , listen, and disciplined behaviour
  • 13. CAUSES  Diabetes  Cataract  An accident  Old age
  • 14.
  • 15.  If a child is born deaf, it is more difficult for him to learn to speak  If other disabilities are also present, learning to communicate becomes more difficult  The earlier the problem is recognised the better
  • 16.  Before birth  After birth
  • 17.  Heriditary  Infections during early pregnancy  Premature birth  Poor diet , lack of iodine  Certain medicines taken during pregnancy  Difficult birth , baby slow to breathe
  • 18.  Ear infection, especially long lasting with pus  Meningitis  Certain medicines  Frequent loud noises
  • 19.  Hot and feverish  Crying a lot  He may keep rubbing ear  Pus coming out of ear
  • 20.  Does not show surprise when loud noise is heard  Turns his head towards familiar noise or voice  By 18 months has he begun to say new words
  • 21.  Prevent ear infection  Woman must be vaccinated in pregnancy  Diet factors, iodised salt , food rich in iron, vitamins and minerals  Never put pointed object the ear