The document discusses the origins of racial labeling and the concept of "whiteness" in North America in the 1600s. It notes that in early British colonies, workers were not defined by race but rather by religion, nationality, and free or indentured status. There was significant intermixing between African and European populations. However, the economies' dependence on tobacco farming and the increase in African slavery led to the development of racial hierarchies, with white identity constructed in opposition to blacks at the bottom. Over time, the legal system was used to enforce these racial divides and cement the status of whites over blacks.