This document discusses bipolar disorder and related topics. It defines bipolar disorder as a mental illness involving extreme fluctuations in mood between mania and depression. Individuals with bipolar disorder experience manic episodes lasting at least a week with abnormally elevated mood and energy levels that impair functioning, as well as depressive episodes involving extreme sadness. The document outlines characteristics of bipolar disorder like mood episodes and types. It also discusses measures for assessing depression and treatments for bipolar disorder such as medications, electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive restructuring, and rational emotive behavioral therapy.

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2. What is Bipolar and Related Disorders?
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3. Chapter Overview
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4. What is bipolar disorder?
• Mental Illness in which common emotions
become intensely and often unpredictably
magnified
• Those with bipolar disorder can quickly swing
from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to
sadness, fatigue, and confusion
• All individuals will have manic episodes that last
at least a week and can impair functioning. Not
all become depressed
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5. Characteristics of bipolar disorder
• People with Bipolar Disorder can experience
“mood episodes”
• Overly joyful or overexcited state is called a manic
episode
• Extremely sad or hopeless state is called a
depressive episode
• Sometimes a mood episode can include both
types of symptoms, this is called a mixed state
• Extreme changes in energy, activity, sleep and
behavior can accompany these changes
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6. Mood and Affect
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7. Types of Bipolar
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9. Measures: Beck Depression Inventory
(BDI)
Read Page # 131
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10. Chapter Overview
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11. Explanation Of Depression
1. Biological and Neurochemical
(Oruc et al, 1997)
READ PAGE # 131-132
Refer to the Key Terms.
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12. 2. Cognitive (Beck, 1979)
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15. 3. Learned helplessness & attribution
style (Seligman et al, 1988)
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18. READ ISSUE AND DEBATES
ON PAGE 134
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20. Treatment and Management of
Depression
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21. 1. Biochemical: MAOIs and SSRIs
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22. 2. Electro-convulsive Therapy
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23. • Found out that ECT had similar levels of
effectiveness, both resulting in around a
50% remission rate.
Dierckx
et al,
2012
• The relapse rates are just as high as in
individuals who cease antidepressants; it
is likely that an individual will experience
a reoccurrence of symptoms which
necessitate further treatments.
Jelovac
et al,
2013
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24. 3. Cognitive Restructuring (Beck, 1979)
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28. 4. Rational Emotive Behavioral
Therapy (REBT)
Ellis, 1962
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30. Table 6.6 on page # 136Prepared by Tooba Qaiser

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32. Read Evaluation and Issues & Debates
on Page # 136
AND
Do Self Assessment Question on Page
# 137
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