Bionic Palm Ltd., Ghana, is managing the world's most advanced Jatropha breeding program for non-toxic, high yielding hybrid cultivars. With the core research station located in Ghana, Bionic Palm offers localized client breeding services developing on-site Jatropha varieties fully adapted to the clients project conditions and strategy. More about client site breeding services here: http://wp.me/P2MoGN-4b
Cloning and characterization of full length candidate genesICRISAT
This document discusses cloning and characterization of candidate genes for physiological traits. It defines candidate genes as genes of known biological function involved in trait development or expression. It describes how candidate genes are identified and developed, and how genes are then cloned using restriction enzymes and vectors to replicate the target gene. Gene characterization is described as determining the expression of heritable traits through molecular analysis and genotyping. Three case studies demonstrate identifying drought tolerance genes in cassava, a dehydrin gene conferring stress tolerance in bajra, and isolating a phytocystatin gene for pest and disease resistance in turmeric.
This document discusses approaches for breeding wheat with resistance to rust diseases. It begins by noting the importance of wheat as a food crop and challenges in meeting future demand. Classical breeding approaches are described that involve determining breeding objectives, assessing genetic variation, crossing, evaluation and selection. Molecular approaches for identifying rust resistance genes using markers can detect variations directly and are not influenced by environment. An efficient breeding program requires clear objectives, understanding pathogen variation and available resistance sources to design programs. Selection of parents, hybridization techniques, bulk and pedigree selection methods, and marker assisted selection are described to introgress resistance while maintaining other important traits.
This document discusses marker-assisted selection for improving orphan crops. It provides examples of MAS for cassava, pearl millet, and chickpea. For cassava, markers can be used to select for resistance to cassava mosaic virus and reduce cyanide levels. In pearl millet, markers linked to drought tolerance genes can be introgressed. For chickpea, markers linked to drought tolerance quantitative trait loci and fusarium wilt resistance genes allow selection of these traits. However, limitations include a lack of resources, marker polymorphism, and integration with conventional breeding in orphan crops.
Molecular markers are powerful tools that can be used for germplasm characterization. They are DNA sequences that can identify individuals and genes controlling important traits. Molecular markers are not influenced by environmental conditions and have simple inheritance, making them useful for characterizing perennial crops. Common types of molecular markers include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, and STMSs. Marker-assisted selection allows indirect selection for desired traits based on marker banding patterns. Molecular markers have various applications, including cultivar identification, hybrid testing, sex identification, analysis of genetic diversity, and establishing centers of diversity. They provide benefits over other genetic markers like abundance, co-dominance, and independence from developmental stage and environment.
DNA fingerprinting of plant material from farmers' fields has provided new insights. Traditional surveys relying on farmer self-reporting often overestimate adoption of improved varieties. Eight new studies using DNA fingerprinting found adoption rates were typically lower than reported. False positive and negative rates varied by crop and country. On average, only 40-60% of samples were correctly identified as improved or local varieties. Low genetic purity was also common, with many samples consisting of mixed varieties. These findings have implications for understanding impacts of new varieties and for seed systems.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Establishment of an in vitro propagation and transformation system of Balani...PGS
This lecture was a part of Plant Genetics Seminars - PGS 2017/2018 at Assiut University. These seminars organized by Dr. Ahmed Sallam, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca is a drought-tolerant but salt-sensitive tree species distributed in the tropical and arid lands in Africa and Asia; the seeds were used in biodiesel production. This study aimed to establish an in vitro propagation system of two B. aegyptiaca provenances from nodal and cotyledon explants. The explants were placed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) for shoot induction. BA was significantly more effective in shoot induction from nodal explants. Three different Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (EHA105, GV3101, and LBA4404) harboring the plasmid pCAMBIA2301 containing the nptII marker and gus reporter genes were used to establish a transformation system in B. aegyptiaca. Strain GV3101 resulted in the highest survival rates and highest number of explants positive in the GUS assay. This selected A. tumefaciens strain was used to introduce pBinAR containing the sequence encoding ERD10 (early responsive to dehydration 10) to produce salt-tolerant B. aegyptiaca plants.
Cloning and characterization of full length candidate genesICRISAT
This document discusses cloning and characterization of candidate genes for physiological traits. It defines candidate genes as genes of known biological function involved in trait development or expression. It describes how candidate genes are identified and developed, and how genes are then cloned using restriction enzymes and vectors to replicate the target gene. Gene characterization is described as determining the expression of heritable traits through molecular analysis and genotyping. Three case studies demonstrate identifying drought tolerance genes in cassava, a dehydrin gene conferring stress tolerance in bajra, and isolating a phytocystatin gene for pest and disease resistance in turmeric.
This document discusses approaches for breeding wheat with resistance to rust diseases. It begins by noting the importance of wheat as a food crop and challenges in meeting future demand. Classical breeding approaches are described that involve determining breeding objectives, assessing genetic variation, crossing, evaluation and selection. Molecular approaches for identifying rust resistance genes using markers can detect variations directly and are not influenced by environment. An efficient breeding program requires clear objectives, understanding pathogen variation and available resistance sources to design programs. Selection of parents, hybridization techniques, bulk and pedigree selection methods, and marker assisted selection are described to introgress resistance while maintaining other important traits.
This document discusses marker-assisted selection for improving orphan crops. It provides examples of MAS for cassava, pearl millet, and chickpea. For cassava, markers can be used to select for resistance to cassava mosaic virus and reduce cyanide levels. In pearl millet, markers linked to drought tolerance genes can be introgressed. For chickpea, markers linked to drought tolerance quantitative trait loci and fusarium wilt resistance genes allow selection of these traits. However, limitations include a lack of resources, marker polymorphism, and integration with conventional breeding in orphan crops.
Molecular markers are powerful tools that can be used for germplasm characterization. They are DNA sequences that can identify individuals and genes controlling important traits. Molecular markers are not influenced by environmental conditions and have simple inheritance, making them useful for characterizing perennial crops. Common types of molecular markers include RFLPs, RAPDs, AFLPs, and STMSs. Marker-assisted selection allows indirect selection for desired traits based on marker banding patterns. Molecular markers have various applications, including cultivar identification, hybrid testing, sex identification, analysis of genetic diversity, and establishing centers of diversity. They provide benefits over other genetic markers like abundance, co-dominance, and independence from developmental stage and environment.
DNA fingerprinting of plant material from farmers' fields has provided new insights. Traditional surveys relying on farmer self-reporting often overestimate adoption of improved varieties. Eight new studies using DNA fingerprinting found adoption rates were typically lower than reported. False positive and negative rates varied by crop and country. On average, only 40-60% of samples were correctly identified as improved or local varieties. Low genetic purity was also common, with many samples consisting of mixed varieties. These findings have implications for understanding impacts of new varieties and for seed systems.
Genetic studies of genotypic responses to water stress in upland cotton (Goss...INNS PUBNET
The present study was carried out to examine the potential in cotton germplasm for breeding water stress tolerant plant material, and understand the genetic basis of different morphological traits related to water stress tolerance. Portioned analysis of variance was employed to obtain good parents for this purposes. The parental genotypes MNH-512, Arizona-6218, CIM-482, MS-39, and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion and F0 seeds of 20 hybrids and five parents were planted in the field in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2010. Simple regression analysis of F1 data revealed that additive-dominance model was quite adequate for all morphological traits. The unit slope of regression lines number of bolls (b = 1.07 ± 9.14), boll weight (b = 0.99 ± 0.11), yield per plant (b = 0.96 ± 0.31), plant height (b = 1.10 ± 0.34), leaf area index (b = 0.82 ± 0.27), and ginning percentage (b = 1.01 ± 0.12) suggested that the epistatic component was absent in the inheritance of all characters studied. The result of various plant characters including seed yield showed drastic effects of water stress as compared with those assessed in non-stressed condition. Leaf area index in the analysis of variance suggested that additive variation was more important for the character. Narrow leaf varieties NIAB-78 and CIM-482 were water stress tolerant while varieties Arizona-6218, MNH-512 and MS-39 were broader leaf showing less resistant to water stress. The information derived from these studies may be used to develop drought tolerant cotton material that could give economic yield in water stressed conditions of cotton belt. Full articles at: http://innspubnet.blogspot.com/2016/08/diversity-and-distribution-of-anuran-in.html
Establishment of an in vitro propagation and transformation system of Balani...PGS
This lecture was a part of Plant Genetics Seminars - PGS 2017/2018 at Assiut University. These seminars organized by Dr. Ahmed Sallam, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University
Abstract
Balanites aegyptiaca is a drought-tolerant but salt-sensitive tree species distributed in the tropical and arid lands in Africa and Asia; the seeds were used in biodiesel production. This study aimed to establish an in vitro propagation system of two B. aegyptiaca provenances from nodal and cotyledon explants. The explants were placed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) for shoot induction. BA was significantly more effective in shoot induction from nodal explants. Three different Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains (EHA105, GV3101, and LBA4404) harboring the plasmid pCAMBIA2301 containing the nptII marker and gus reporter genes were used to establish a transformation system in B. aegyptiaca. Strain GV3101 resulted in the highest survival rates and highest number of explants positive in the GUS assay. This selected A. tumefaciens strain was used to introduce pBinAR containing the sequence encoding ERD10 (early responsive to dehydration 10) to produce salt-tolerant B. aegyptiaca plants.
This document describes a biology project on plant breeding prepared by a student for their class XII exams. It provides an overview of advanced plant breeding techniques, focusing on marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS uses DNA markers linked to desirable genes to select plants without evaluating the trait directly. The techniques allows for faster selection and stacking of multiple resistance genes to develop durable crop resistance. MAS is particularly useful for traits that are difficult, time-consuming, or expensive to evaluate through conventional methods.
Gene pyramiding in tomato involves combining desirable genes from multiple parents into a single genotype to improve specific traits. It can enhance disease resistance, drought tolerance, yield, and fruit quality. One study found that pyramiding two virus resistance genes (Ty-2 and Ty-3) in tomato improved resistance to three viruses and had higher yields than lines with single genes. Another study found that pyramiding introgressions from wild tomato species S. pennellii improved drought tolerance, yield, soluble solids content, and the ratio of soluble solids to fruit weight. A third study showed that pyramiding quality trait genes increased antioxidant levels, soluble solids, and yield compared to lines with single introgressions. Gene
The document discusses core collections for plant genetic resources. It defines a core collection as a subset of accessions from a larger collection that captures most of the genetic diversity in the species. The document outlines various principles and methodologies for developing core collections, including stratifying the larger collection into groups and then sampling from each group. It also discusses using molecular marker data to help guide core collection development and validate that the core collection adequately represents the genetic diversity of the larger collection. The functions of a core collection are described as aiding conservation, characterization, evaluation, and distribution of representative germplasm.
Reverse breeding is a novel plant breeding technique that allows the development of parental lines directly from any superior heterozygous plant. It involves suppressing meiotic recombination to produce gametes with whole parental chromosome sets, followed by doubling of haploids to generate parental lines. Two case studies demonstrate using RNAi to silence meiotic genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, producing parental lines that reconstitute the original hybrid when crossed. A second technique, marker-assisted reverse breeding, uses high-density SNP genotyping instead of gene silencing to select maize lines similar to original parents within one year. Reverse breeding techniques accelerate breeding and facilitate hybrid improvement without prior knowledge of parental lines.
This document discusses precision breeding techniques in plants, including their objectives, advantages, and challenges. It covers molecular marker-assisted selection, mutagenesis using chemicals or radiation, and newer gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR allows more precise genetic modifications than traditional techniques by targeting specific genes. However, increasing the efficiency of the homology directed repair pathway is still an area of research, as non-homologous end joining is the dominant repair pathway in plants. Overall, precision breeding holds promise for accelerating crop improvement but developing methods for high-efficiency homology directed repair remains important.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a plant breeding method that uses DNA markers to select for desirable traits. It allows breeders to select plants earlier in development compared to phenotypic selection. MAS has advantages like being unaffected by environment and ability to select for recessive traits, but may be more expensive initially than conventional methods. Careful analysis of costs and benefits is needed to determine if MAS is advantageous for a particular program over traditional breeding. MAS requires tightly linked markers, knowledge of marker-trait associations, and data management to be effective. A variety of MAS approaches exist like backcrossing, pyramiding, and combined MAS and phenotypic selection.
This document discusses marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) for introgressing traits from a donor parent into a recipient line. MAB uses DNA markers linked to target genes/QTLs to aid in selection. Markers can be used for foreground selection of target genes, background selection to recover the recipient genome, and recombinant selection to minimize linkage drag. A case study is described where MAB was used over multiple generations to introgress 5 drought resistance QTLs from a donor rice variety into a recipient variety. Through foreground, background, and recombinant selection using DNA markers, lines were developed with the target QTLs and most of the recipient genetic background.
The document discusses ensuring the future of date palm diversity in the face of devastation by the red palm weevil. It proposes developing a global conservation strategy using cryopreservation technology to secure existing date palm genetic resources. The strategy would include identifying diversity hotspots, collecting gaps, establishing in vitro cultures, cryopreservation protocols, and regional cryobanks with safety backups.
This document discusses different types of mapping populations that can be used for genetic mapping and molecular breeding programs. It describes F2, F2:F3, backcross, doubled haploid (DH), recombinant inbred line (RIL), and near-isogenic line (NIL) populations. For each type, it provides details on how they are developed, their characteristics, and merits and demerits relative to mapping objectives. The document emphasizes that the choice of mapping population depends on the research goals, availability of markers, and existing molecular maps. RILs and DHs allow for replication over environments but require more time and resources to develop.
Genetic Variability, Heritability And Genetic Advance For Vegetable Yield And...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for vegetable yield and yield-related traits among Ethiopian kale accessions. The experiment was carried out using 7x7 simple lattice design at Debre zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2017 main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for all traits except days to second leaf picking. High genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were estimated for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, fresh biomass and leaf yield. High broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as the percent of mean were obtained for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole thickness, fresh biomass and leaf yield. It can be concluded that variation generated for these traits is mainly due to genetic and moderate role of environmental factors and these were the most important for selection criteria in developing high yielding Ethiopian kale accession. In general, the present study revealed the presence of variability among accession for most studied traits.
Current applications of biotechnology to forestry are modest, especially when compared to agriculture or pharmaceuticals. However, the potential for application of biotechnology to forestry and forest plantations is great.
The document discusses using genetic and environmental data to more efficiently explore genetic variation in plant genetic resources collections. It proposes a strategy called FIGS (Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy) to select subsets of accessions from genebank collections for evaluation based on traits of interest and environmental factors associated with those traits. Examples are given where FIGS identified accessions with useful genetic variation for traits like drought tolerance, disease resistance, and salt tolerance more efficiently than random screening.
The document discusses the importance of data related to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) accessions stored in genebanks. It covers different types of data like characterization data, evaluation data, environmental data, and genetic data. It emphasizes that without proper data, accessions in genebanks are worthless. The document also discusses standards and schemas for managing characterization and evaluation data, like those used by the USDA National Plant Germplasm System and GRIN-Global portal. The overall goal of managing this data should be facilitating the effective utilization of PGRFA accessions.
Mini core collection - an international public goodICRISAT
The document discusses the development and use of mini core collections of plant genetic resources by ICRISAT. It notes that ICRISAT has developed mini core collections for several crops including chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, and pearl millet containing 1-2% of the total germplasm collection. The mini core collections have been extensively evaluated for traits like resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several accessions with resistance to drought, salinity, and high temperatures were identified. The mini core collections are being provided to researchers to facilitate crop improvement while ensuring conservation of genetic diversity.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker linked to a trait of interest, rather than on the trait itself. This process has been extensively researched and proposed for plant and animal breeding.Marker-assisted breeding uses DNA markers associated with desirable traits to select a plant or animal for inclusion in a breeding program early in its development. ... This genetic test is helping breeders to select for hornless cattle, which makes it safer for the animals themselves and the people handling them.
Research Activities of the year 2011-2012 of the Vegetable Sector have been reviewed in the internal meeting. #Suggested link of my you tube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=52s
This document describes a biology project on plant breeding prepared by a student for their class XII exams. It provides an overview of advanced plant breeding techniques, focusing on marker-assisted selection (MAS). MAS uses DNA markers linked to desirable genes to select plants without evaluating the trait directly. The techniques allows for faster selection and stacking of multiple resistance genes to develop durable crop resistance. MAS is particularly useful for traits that are difficult, time-consuming, or expensive to evaluate through conventional methods.
Gene pyramiding in tomato involves combining desirable genes from multiple parents into a single genotype to improve specific traits. It can enhance disease resistance, drought tolerance, yield, and fruit quality. One study found that pyramiding two virus resistance genes (Ty-2 and Ty-3) in tomato improved resistance to three viruses and had higher yields than lines with single genes. Another study found that pyramiding introgressions from wild tomato species S. pennellii improved drought tolerance, yield, soluble solids content, and the ratio of soluble solids to fruit weight. A third study showed that pyramiding quality trait genes increased antioxidant levels, soluble solids, and yield compared to lines with single introgressions. Gene
The document discusses core collections for plant genetic resources. It defines a core collection as a subset of accessions from a larger collection that captures most of the genetic diversity in the species. The document outlines various principles and methodologies for developing core collections, including stratifying the larger collection into groups and then sampling from each group. It also discusses using molecular marker data to help guide core collection development and validate that the core collection adequately represents the genetic diversity of the larger collection. The functions of a core collection are described as aiding conservation, characterization, evaluation, and distribution of representative germplasm.
Reverse breeding is a novel plant breeding technique that allows the development of parental lines directly from any superior heterozygous plant. It involves suppressing meiotic recombination to produce gametes with whole parental chromosome sets, followed by doubling of haploids to generate parental lines. Two case studies demonstrate using RNAi to silence meiotic genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, producing parental lines that reconstitute the original hybrid when crossed. A second technique, marker-assisted reverse breeding, uses high-density SNP genotyping instead of gene silencing to select maize lines similar to original parents within one year. Reverse breeding techniques accelerate breeding and facilitate hybrid improvement without prior knowledge of parental lines.
This document discusses precision breeding techniques in plants, including their objectives, advantages, and challenges. It covers molecular marker-assisted selection, mutagenesis using chemicals or radiation, and newer gene editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9. CRISPR allows more precise genetic modifications than traditional techniques by targeting specific genes. However, increasing the efficiency of the homology directed repair pathway is still an area of research, as non-homologous end joining is the dominant repair pathway in plants. Overall, precision breeding holds promise for accelerating crop improvement but developing methods for high-efficiency homology directed repair remains important.
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a plant breeding method that uses DNA markers to select for desirable traits. It allows breeders to select plants earlier in development compared to phenotypic selection. MAS has advantages like being unaffected by environment and ability to select for recessive traits, but may be more expensive initially than conventional methods. Careful analysis of costs and benefits is needed to determine if MAS is advantageous for a particular program over traditional breeding. MAS requires tightly linked markers, knowledge of marker-trait associations, and data management to be effective. A variety of MAS approaches exist like backcrossing, pyramiding, and combined MAS and phenotypic selection.
This document discusses marker-assisted backcrossing (MAB) for introgressing traits from a donor parent into a recipient line. MAB uses DNA markers linked to target genes/QTLs to aid in selection. Markers can be used for foreground selection of target genes, background selection to recover the recipient genome, and recombinant selection to minimize linkage drag. A case study is described where MAB was used over multiple generations to introgress 5 drought resistance QTLs from a donor rice variety into a recipient variety. Through foreground, background, and recombinant selection using DNA markers, lines were developed with the target QTLs and most of the recipient genetic background.
The document discusses ensuring the future of date palm diversity in the face of devastation by the red palm weevil. It proposes developing a global conservation strategy using cryopreservation technology to secure existing date palm genetic resources. The strategy would include identifying diversity hotspots, collecting gaps, establishing in vitro cultures, cryopreservation protocols, and regional cryobanks with safety backups.
This document discusses different types of mapping populations that can be used for genetic mapping and molecular breeding programs. It describes F2, F2:F3, backcross, doubled haploid (DH), recombinant inbred line (RIL), and near-isogenic line (NIL) populations. For each type, it provides details on how they are developed, their characteristics, and merits and demerits relative to mapping objectives. The document emphasizes that the choice of mapping population depends on the research goals, availability of markers, and existing molecular maps. RILs and DHs allow for replication over environments but require more time and resources to develop.
Genetic Variability, Heritability And Genetic Advance For Vegetable Yield And...Premier Publishers
The present study was carried out to estimate the genetic variability for vegetable yield and yield-related traits among Ethiopian kale accessions. The experiment was carried out using 7x7 simple lattice design at Debre zeit Agricultural Research Center during 2017 main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p<0.01) among accessions for all traits except days to second leaf picking. High genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were estimated for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, fresh biomass and leaf yield. High broad sense heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as the percent of mean were obtained for the number of leaves per plant, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf matter content, leaf width, leaf petiole length, leaf petiole thickness, fresh biomass and leaf yield. It can be concluded that variation generated for these traits is mainly due to genetic and moderate role of environmental factors and these were the most important for selection criteria in developing high yielding Ethiopian kale accession. In general, the present study revealed the presence of variability among accession for most studied traits.
Current applications of biotechnology to forestry are modest, especially when compared to agriculture or pharmaceuticals. However, the potential for application of biotechnology to forestry and forest plantations is great.
The document discusses using genetic and environmental data to more efficiently explore genetic variation in plant genetic resources collections. It proposes a strategy called FIGS (Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy) to select subsets of accessions from genebank collections for evaluation based on traits of interest and environmental factors associated with those traits. Examples are given where FIGS identified accessions with useful genetic variation for traits like drought tolerance, disease resistance, and salt tolerance more efficiently than random screening.
The document discusses the importance of data related to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) accessions stored in genebanks. It covers different types of data like characterization data, evaluation data, environmental data, and genetic data. It emphasizes that without proper data, accessions in genebanks are worthless. The document also discusses standards and schemas for managing characterization and evaluation data, like those used by the USDA National Plant Germplasm System and GRIN-Global portal. The overall goal of managing this data should be facilitating the effective utilization of PGRFA accessions.
Mini core collection - an international public goodICRISAT
The document discusses the development and use of mini core collections of plant genetic resources by ICRISAT. It notes that ICRISAT has developed mini core collections for several crops including chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, sorghum, and pearl millet containing 1-2% of the total germplasm collection. The mini core collections have been extensively evaluated for traits like resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Several accessions with resistance to drought, salinity, and high temperatures were identified. The mini core collections are being provided to researchers to facilitate crop improvement while ensuring conservation of genetic diversity.
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker linked to a trait of interest, rather than on the trait itself. This process has been extensively researched and proposed for plant and animal breeding.Marker-assisted breeding uses DNA markers associated with desirable traits to select a plant or animal for inclusion in a breeding program early in its development. ... This genetic test is helping breeders to select for hornless cattle, which makes it safer for the animals themselves and the people handling them.
Research Activities of the year 2011-2012 of the Vegetable Sector have been reviewed in the internal meeting. #Suggested link of my you tube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijF78rwhaY&t=52s
This document provides information about lettuce, including:
- Lettuce is an annual herbaceous plant that grows 6 to 12 inches tall and produces dry capsules with single seeds. It is commonly grown for its leaves but sometimes stem and seeds.
- The main types of lettuce are green leaf, iceberg, butterhead, and romaine. They differ in leaf structure and head formation.
- Lettuce belongs to the Asteraceae family and Lactuca genus. Four Lactuca species can be crossed, including L. sativa, L. serriola, L. saligna, and L. virosa. Crosses provide traits like disease resistance.
- B
Tomato has been extensively bred due to its short duration, easy cultivation, and large number of seeds per fruit. Breeding objectives include earliness, increased yield, fruit quality traits like size, color, and disease/stress resistance. Common breeding methods are introduction, pure line selection, pedigree, backcrossing, and heterosis breeding. Interspecific hybridization utilizes wild relatives for traits like disease resistance. New varieties have been developed with resistance to important diseases like bacterial wilt, nematodes, and viruses. Processing varieties have traits like uniform color, shape, acidity, and crack resistance.
This document presents information on a presentation about chilli breeding. It discusses the classification of chillies, introducing four main species - Capsicum annum, C. baccatum, C. frutescens, and C. chinense. It then covers the introduction, climate needs, soil requirements, irrigation practices, and self-pollination of chillies. Common and rare breeding methods for self-pollinating crops are also summarized, including plant introduction, mass selection, pure-line selection, hybridization techniques like pedigree, bulk, and single seed descent breeding.
This document provides information on chilli breeding in India. It discusses the botanical details of chilli and its importance as a crop rich in nutrients and used widely in curries. It presents data on the area and production of chilli in India from 2010-2015. It then outlines some common chilli breeding methods and objectives such as developing early maturity, high yield, and stress resistance. The document concludes by describing several popular chilli varieties developed in India, including Arka Lohit, Arka Sweta, Arka Harita, and Arka Suphal, as well as some chilli hybrids like TNAU Hybrid Chilli CO 1, Arka Meghana, Pusa Jwala, and
This document discusses heterosis breeding and the commercial exploitation of hybrids. It defines heterosis as increased vigor and fertility from hybridization between unrelated strains. The genetic bases of heterosis are the dominance and overdominance hypotheses. Heterosis breeding led to the development of different types of crosses, including single crosses, double crosses, three-way crosses, and top crosses, which are used commercially. Hybrids show increased yield, quality, disease resistance, and other advantages over pure lines or open-pollinated varieties.
This document provides information on hybrid seed production methods in tomatoes. It discusses the botany of tomatoes and factors that influence self-pollination. The key methods of hybrid seed production include maintaining breeder, foundation, and certified seed lines. Seed is extracted using either acid treatment or fermentation to separate seeds from pulp. Acid treatment is considered the best method as it results in higher viability and quality seeds compared to the fermentation method. The process of hybridization involves emasculation of unopened tomato flowers followed by pollen collection and dusting from male parent lines. Multiple inspections during flowering and maturity are required for seed certification.
Breeding techniques in self pollinated crops presentationDev Hingra
1. Plant breeding techniques for self-pollinated crops include plant introduction, pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, backcross method, and mutation breeding.
2. Pure line selection involves selecting individual plants, evaluating their progeny, and conducting yield trials to develop uniform varieties. Mass selection composites seed from selected plants for future planting.
3. Plant introduction is an oldest method that can introduce entirely new crop species or superior varieties from other regions. It provides germplasm for breeding programs.
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used insecticides in the world. They are commonly used on over 90% of US corn crops but multiple studies have found they have negative effects on bees even at low concentrations. While neonicotinoids are effective against pests, their use poses a dilemma as they may be contributing to colony collapse disorder and harming bee populations. Recent field studies more accurately representing real world conditions have strengthened the link between neonicotinoids and bee harms. However, those in the agricultural and chemical industries argue neonicotinoids are safe when used as directed. Further research is still needed to fully understand the risks neonicotinoids may pose to pollinators.
Emerging Issues Paper Genetically Modified Foragespetergnz
Genetically modified forages show promise to improve productivity, drought resistance, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Traits under development include improved nutrient content and tolerance to drought. However, release of GM organisms raises concerns about impacts on identity and values. Risks include gene flow between GM and non-GM plants via pollen or seed dispersal. Benefits and risks depend more on the traits than the genetic modification technique. Ongoing research and discussion are needed to understand impacts.
Rapid Impact Assessment of Climatic and Physio-graphic Changes on Flagship G...Arvinder Singh
‘NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAN AND ENVIRONMENT’October 15 – 16, 2012
Organized by
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala (Pb.) – 147 002, India
This document provides details about a proposed study on genetic variability and diversity in okra. The study will analyze 30 okra genotypes to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficients between yield and other traits. It will also assess genetic divergence among genotypes. The study aims to identify diverse parents for hybridization and develop superior genotypes. It will be conducted in 2021 at the Research Farm of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India using a randomized block design. Observations will be recorded for 12 traits related to plant growth, flowering, fruit characteristics and yield.
Genome Prairie continues to lead large-scale genomics research with applications in agriculture, health, environmental stewardship, and societal impacts. Researchers strive to decipher the complex genetic code of life to produce hardier crops, innovative disease therapies, and understand the role of genetics in health. Key projects include identifying cold tolerance genes in wheat, building a mouse embryonic stem cell library for biomedical research, and examining the innate immune response to develop new infection therapies. Genome Prairie fosters productive collaborations nationally and internationally to advance genomics research.
New concepts in maintenance of plant breeding promises and prospectsZuby Gohar Ansari
1. The document discusses new concepts in plant breeding that promise to improve crops, including exploiting genes from wild plants and breaking complex traits into components to select for improved crops.
2. Recent advances in breeding technology such as wide hybridization between crops and wild relatives, molecular marker-assisted selection, and selecting for quantitative trait components are allowing plant breeders to make faster progress in improving yields and stress tolerance.
3. While genetic engineering holds promise, conventional plant breeding continues to advance and ensure contributions to agriculture through increasingly sophisticated methods.
Pre-breeding involves introducing beneficial genes from exotic or wild plant materials into domestic crops to broaden their genetic base. It captures useful traits and puts them into forms usable for breeding programs. The document discusses pre-breeding strategies like backcrossing, convergent improvement, and bridge crosses. Pre-breeding has enhanced disease resistance and drought tolerance in crops like maize, pearl millet, and sorghum. While it provides long-term benefits, pre-breeding also faces challenges like linkage drag and hybrid sterility. Overall, pre-breeding is important for generating genetic diversity and new traits to develop improved crop varieties.
Organic Plant Breeding: Achievements, Opportunities, and ChallengesSeeds
Organic plant breeding programs were founded in the 1980s-1990s to develop crop varieties suited to organic systems. Research has shown that the top-yielding varieties in organic systems do not correlate to those in conventional systems, demonstrating the need for organic breeding. Some successful organic breeding programs have developed weed-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties of crops like wheat, maize, barley and tomatoes. Traits important for organic systems include weed tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, and adaptation to nutrient dynamics. Participatory breeding programs have also improved crops suited for small-scale organic farmers. Overall, organic breeding aims to develop varieties adapted to organic conditions while respecting genetic diversity and plant integrity.
Scientific Facts on Genetically Modified CropsGreenFacts
We are regularly confronted with genetically modified foods, be it in the news or on our plates.
In what way are GM crops different from conventional crops?
What is known about their possible risks for human health or the environment?
Ideotype breeding is a method of developing crop cultivars that are optimized for a specific environment based on a conceptual model. It involves selecting parent lines with desired traits, crossing them to combine traits into a single genotype, and selecting plants that match the theoretical ideal plant type. The process is difficult and slow but can break yield barriers by optimizing physiological and morphological traits. While it can solve multiple problems at once, tight linkages between traits can hinder progress and it is challenging to combine all desired characteristics into one plant.
Kevin Folta speaks to the American Seed Trade Association, clarifying subjects in plant genetic improvement. What are the differences between traditional breeding, mutagenesis, transgenic crop technology and other mechanisms? What does the future hold? This talk compares and contrasts the current state of the art of plant genetic improvement.
The document discusses the use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism in biomedical research. Some key points:
- Zebrafish are becoming a popular alternative to mammalian models due to their small size and low costs.
- They have been successfully used in developmental biology research employing genetic and molecular methods.
- Extensive past research has established zebrafish as a favored genetic model, providing brain anatomy and physiology similar to humans.
Project genetical modified organisms. By subhrajyoti sahooSubhrajyotisahoo6
This document contains a declaration from students submitting a project report on the process of developing genetically modified organisms. It declares that the work is original and has not been previously submitted. It is being submitted to partially fulfill degree examination requirements in Zoology. The document contains signatures of the students and date. It also includes an acknowledgements section thanking the project guide and others who provided support and facilities. Finally, it contains a certificate from the head of the Zoology department certifying that the project work was carried out under supervision and is based on bonafide work.
The document describes several methods for developing transgenic plants, including direct gene transfer methods like microinjection and electroporation, and indirect methods using Agrobacterium. It also discusses some achievements of transgenic plants, including improved nutritional quality, insect and disease resistance, and herbicide tolerance. A new study is described that develops a double right border binary vector to more easily produce transgenic plants without selectable marker genes. This allows the marker gene to be separated from the gene of interest to generate "clean" transgenic plants.
Genetic Engineering in AgricultureFew topics in agriculture are .docxhanneloremccaffery
Genetic Engineering in Agriculture
Few topics in agriculture are more polarizing than genetic engineering (GE), the process of manipulating an organism s genetic material—usually using genes from other species—in an effort to produce desired traits such as higher yield or drought tolerance.
GE has been hailed by some as an indispensable tool for solving the world s food problems, and denounced by others as an example of human overreaching fraught with unknown, potentially catastrophic dangers. UCS experts analyze the applications of genetic engineering in agriculture—particularly in comparison to other options—and offer practical recommendations based on that analysis.
Benefits of GE: Promise vs. Performance
Supporters of GE in agriculture point to a multitude of potential benefits of engineered crops, including increased yield, tolerance of drought, reduced pesticide use, more efficient use of fertilizers, and ability to produce drugs or other useful chemicals. UCS analysis shows that actual benefits have often fallen far short of expectations.
Health and Environmental Risks
While the risks of genetic engineering have sometimes been exaggerated or misrepresented, GE crops do have the potential to cause a variety of health problems and environmental impacts. For instance, they may produce new allergens and toxins, spread harmful traits to weeds and non-GE crops, or harm animals that consume them.
At least one major environmental impact of genetic engineering has already reached critical proportions: overuse of herbicide-tolerant GE crops has spurred an increase in herbicide use and an epidemic of herbicide-resistant "superweeds," which will lead to even more herbicide use.
How likely are other harmful GE impacts to occur? This is a difficult question to answer. Each crop-gene combination poses its own set of risks. While risk assessments are conducted as part of GE product approval, the data are generally supplied by the company seeking approval, and GE companies use their patent rights to exercise tight control over research on their products. In short, there is a lot we don't know about the risks of GE—which is no reason for panic, but a good reason for caution.
What Other Choices Do We Have?
All technologies have risks and shortcomings, so critics must always address the question: what are the alternatives? In the case of GE, there are two main answers: crop breeding, which produces traits through the organism s reproductive process; and agroecological farm management, which seeks to make the most of a plant s existing traits by optimizing its growing environment. These approaches are generally far less expensive than GE, and often more effective.
The biotechnology industry has acknowledged the value of breeding as a complement to GE. But at the same time, the industry has used its formidable marketing and lobbying resources to ensure that its products—and the industrial methods those products are designed to support—continue to dominat ...
Role of biotechnology in enhancing fruit crop production and qualityankit gawri
It was evident that developed biotechnological approaches have the potential to enhance the yield, quality, and shelf-life of fruits and vegetables to meet the demands of the 21st century. However, the developed biotech approaches for fruits and vegetables were more of academic jargon than a commercial reality
This document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms. It explains that GMOs are created when genes from two different organisms are combined to make a new organism with improved traits. Genetic engineering is a form of genetic modification that allows genes to be transferred between species. The document describes two common methods scientists use for genetic engineering - using the Agrobacterium soil bacteria or microscopic bullets coated with DNA to insert new genes into plant chromosomes. While some researchers identify genes for traits, the organization INTSORMIL focuses on traditional breeding methods for crops like sorghum and millet in Africa.
This document discusses genetic engineering and genetically modified organisms. It explains that GMOs are created when genes from two different organisms are combined to make a new organism with improved traits. Genetic engineering is a form of genetic modification that allows genes to be transferred between species. The document describes two common methods scientists use for genetic engineering - using the Agrobacterium soil bacteria or microscopic bullets coated with DNA to insert new genes into plant chromosomes. While some researchers identify genes for traits, the organization INTSORMIL focuses on traditional breeding methods for crops like sorghum and millet in Africa.
Similar to Jatropha Hybrid Breeding Platform by Bionic Palm, Ghana (20)
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on: