Biology Vocab 1
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This document defines and provides examples of several biological terms: - It defines frond as a type of leaf, especially for ferns, cycads, and palms, and provides an example of a fern frond. - It defines pollinator as an agent that moves pollen between the male and female parts of flowers, and provides an example of bees pollinating flowers. - It defines arthropod as a type of invertebrate with a jointed body and exoskeleton, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans, and provides an example of a spider being an arthropod.
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Plants are divided into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms have small flowers and reproduce through cones and needles, while angiosperms reproduce through pollinated flowers that produce fruits containing seeds. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce asexually using spores rather than seeds, with ferns bearing spores on fronds and mosses within capsules.
Classification of plants
The document classifies plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses and ferns. Mosses do not have true roots or vascular tissues, reproduce via spores, and prefer damp environments. Ferns have roots, leaves, underground stems and vascular tissues, reproduce via spore-producing organs on their leaves, and prefer damp shady places. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees, which have needle-shaped leaves and bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms which have true flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms include monocots and dicots, distinguished by whether they have one or two seed leaves and
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This document contains definitions for common botanical and biological terms:
1) A frond is a leaf, especially of a fern, cycad, or palm.
2) A pollinator is an agent that moves pollen between the male and female parts of flowers to accomplish fertilization.
3) An arthropod is an invertebrate with a jointed body and shell, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
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Nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves due to the absence of vascular tissue. They are called thallophytes and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They must live in moist environments because they lack internal structures for transporting water and nutrients and generally only grow 1-2 cm tall. Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transport and include both spore-bearing plants like ferns and seed-bearing plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds enclosed in cones while angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within flowers in an ovary.
Angiosperm.pptx
angiosperms
morphology of a flowering plant
parts of flowering plant.
What are angiosperms? Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits. They are the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae, with about 300,000 species. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all known living green plant.
The outstanding and most significant feature of the flowering plants (and that which sets them out from other vascular plants) is the flower. Understanding the flower structure and names of the parts is important as it is the most important set of characters for both recognizing and keying species, genera, families, etc.
Floral parts (terms & illustrations)
1. Peduncle / pedicel - floral stalk
2. Receptacle - the modified shoot or floral axis
3. Sepals / calyx - the outer most whorl; collectively all sepals are called the calyx. Sepals are typically green and protect the inner floral parts in buds
4. Petals / corolla -the next whorl, collectively all petals are called the corolla. Petals are typically brightly colored and and assist in attracting pollinators. The sepals and petal combined are called the perianth. If the perianth parts cannot be differentiated into sepals and petals, that is, that look so much alike, then they are called tepals.
5. Stamens (androecium) - the next whorls, each stamen has two parts: filament and anthers. Androecium or "male house", the name for all the stamens. The anthers house the microsporangia which undergo meiosis and produce pollen grains.
6. Nectaries - are often associated with flowers, they are found at the receptacle and offer a reward to animal pollinators.
7. Carpels (gynoecium) - The innermost and final whorl is composed of all the carpels and is the site for pollination and fertilization. Collectively all carpels are called the gynoecium: "female house". Carpel has three parts: stigma which receives pollen, the style which is the a slender region specialized for pollen tube growth and the ovary which is an enlarged basal portion and surrounds and protects the ovules. The structure(s) in the center of the flower are often referred to as the pistil(s). Pistil is a layman's term for "flask-shape" structure, so anything with that structure is called a pistil. This is one of the more confusing parts of the flower; more on this below.
Angiosperm and Gymnosperm
Angiosperms are seed-producing flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed within an ovary, while gymnosperms are seed-producing non-flowering plants whose seeds are unenclosed. Angiosperms have seasonal life cycles, produce seeds inside fruits, and reproduce sexually through flowers. In contrast, gymnosperms are evergreen, produce bare seeds on scales, leaves, or cones, and reproduce through unisexual cones. While both are seed-producing plants, angiosperms and gymnosperms differ in their reproductive structures, seed and pollen distribution, and wood properties.
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This document provides an overview of plant classification and describes the main plant groups. It discusses the four main classifications of plants: mosses and liverworts (Bryophyta), ferns (Pteridophyta), conifers (Gymnosperms), and flowering plants (Angiosperms). For each group, it outlines key distinguishing characteristics, examples, and life cycles. It also covers scientific naming conventions and describes several important families of flowering plants.
Plant classification
The document provides information on plant classification, describing the four main groups that plants are classified into: mosses and liverworts, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. It then focuses on mosses, providing details on their characteristics, life cycle, and subdivisions. The document also briefly outlines key aspects of ferns, conifers, and the angiosperms.
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Plants are divided into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms have small flowers and reproduce through cones and needles, while angiosperms reproduce through pollinated flowers that produce fruits containing seeds. Non-flowering plants like ferns and mosses reproduce asexually using spores rather than seeds, with ferns bearing spores on fronds and mosses within capsules.
Classification of plants
The document classifies plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses and ferns. Mosses do not have true roots or vascular tissues, reproduce via spores, and prefer damp environments. Ferns have roots, leaves, underground stems and vascular tissues, reproduce via spore-producing organs on their leaves, and prefer damp shady places. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms like pine trees, which have needle-shaped leaves and bear naked seeds in cones, and angiosperms which have true flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms include monocots and dicots, distinguished by whether they have one or two seed leaves and
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This document contains definitions for common botanical and biological terms:
1) A frond is a leaf, especially of a fern, cycad, or palm.
2) A pollinator is an agent that moves pollen between the male and female parts of flowers to accomplish fertilization.
3) An arthropod is an invertebrate with a jointed body and shell, including insects, spiders, and crustaceans.
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Nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves due to the absence of vascular tissue. They are called thallophytes and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They must live in moist environments because they lack internal structures for transporting water and nutrients and generally only grow 1-2 cm tall. Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transport and include both spore-bearing plants like ferns and seed-bearing plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds enclosed in cones while angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within flowers in an ovary.
Angiosperm.pptx
angiosperms
morphology of a flowering plant
parts of flowering plant.
What are angiosperms? Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits. They are the largest and most diverse group within the kingdom Plantae, with about 300,000 species. Angiosperms represent approximately 80 percent of all known living green plant.
The outstanding and most significant feature of the flowering plants (and that which sets them out from other vascular plants) is the flower. Understanding the flower structure and names of the parts is important as it is the most important set of characters for both recognizing and keying species, genera, families, etc.
Floral parts (terms & illustrations)
1. Peduncle / pedicel - floral stalk
2. Receptacle - the modified shoot or floral axis
3. Sepals / calyx - the outer most whorl; collectively all sepals are called the calyx. Sepals are typically green and protect the inner floral parts in buds
4. Petals / corolla -the next whorl, collectively all petals are called the corolla. Petals are typically brightly colored and and assist in attracting pollinators. The sepals and petal combined are called the perianth. If the perianth parts cannot be differentiated into sepals and petals, that is, that look so much alike, then they are called tepals.
5. Stamens (androecium) - the next whorls, each stamen has two parts: filament and anthers. Androecium or "male house", the name for all the stamens. The anthers house the microsporangia which undergo meiosis and produce pollen grains.
6. Nectaries - are often associated with flowers, they are found at the receptacle and offer a reward to animal pollinators.
7. Carpels (gynoecium) - The innermost and final whorl is composed of all the carpels and is the site for pollination and fertilization. Collectively all carpels are called the gynoecium: "female house". Carpel has three parts: stigma which receives pollen, the style which is the a slender region specialized for pollen tube growth and the ovary which is an enlarged basal portion and surrounds and protects the ovules. The structure(s) in the center of the flower are often referred to as the pistil(s). Pistil is a layman's term for "flask-shape" structure, so anything with that structure is called a pistil. This is one of the more confusing parts of the flower; more on this below.
Angiosperm and Gymnosperm
Angiosperms are seed-producing flowering plants whose seeds are enclosed within an ovary, while gymnosperms are seed-producing non-flowering plants whose seeds are unenclosed. Angiosperms have seasonal life cycles, produce seeds inside fruits, and reproduce sexually through flowers. In contrast, gymnosperms are evergreen, produce bare seeds on scales, leaves, or cones, and reproduce through unisexual cones. While both are seed-producing plants, angiosperms and gymnosperms differ in their reproductive structures, seed and pollen distribution, and wood properties.
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This document provides an overview of plant classification and describes the main plant groups. It discusses the four main classifications of plants: mosses and liverworts (Bryophyta), ferns (Pteridophyta), conifers (Gymnosperms), and flowering plants (Angiosperms). For each group, it outlines key distinguishing characteristics, examples, and life cycles. It also covers scientific naming conventions and describes several important families of flowering plants.
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The document provides information on plant classification, describing the four main groups that plants are classified into: mosses and liverworts, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. It then focuses on mosses, providing details on their characteristics, life cycle, and subdivisions. The document also briefly outlines key aspects of ferns, conifers, and the angiosperms.
Stems
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2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
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7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
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Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and ans.pdf
Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and answer the each living things
with each number 1,2,3,and 4. Thank you. Go to open area (part, etc.) and observe four different
living organisms. For each organism observed, 1) tell what kind of organism you saw and
describe what it was doing when you saw. 2) describe how each organism obtains
energy/nourishment 3) describe how each organism has adaptations to avoid predation 4)
describe how each kind of organism that you observed produces LARGE PLANT (over 5 feet
tall) answer SMALL OLANT (under 1 foot tall) answer ARTHROPOD (insect, spider, pill bu
etc. answer TETRAPOD (amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal) answer
Solution
1. Pine is a conifer plant which belongs in the Pinus genus of the family Pinaceae. They are
gymnosperms, yellow in colour with harder wood and two to three needles per fascicle. They are
evergreen with about 10-260 feet tall in height. Needles are green and bundled in clusters called
fascicles.When the shoot is damaged then the needle fascicles will generate bud to replace the
lost leaves. Pine trees uses photosynthesis to create or obtain their own nourishment.
Photosynthesis is the process where sunlight, water and carbon dioxide are taken by the pine tree
and then converted into sugars and starches which are used as food energy. They have thick bark
to protect against cold. Pine cones protect the seeds during harsh winter. The needles reduce the
water loss. Pine trees reproduce by producing seeds. They possess both male and female
reproductive structures on the same tree. Pollen is produced by male cone and is transferred with
the help of pollination to the female cone and results in the formation of embryos. The embryos
grows into seeds.
2. Aloe vera is a plant which belongs to the genus Aloe. It is cultivated for various medicinal and
agricultural use. They are stemless plant of about 60-100 cm tall in height. The leaves are thick
and fleshy and grown in trophical climates. The leaves of aloe vera contain phytochemicals. Aloe
vera forms mycorrhiza which is a symbiosis that allows the plant access to mineral nutrients in
soil.They have succulents which helps the plant to retain water. Aloe vera has thich and fleshy
leaves which enlarges for the accomodation of aqueous tissue. The leaf cuticle is covered with
wax. Aloe vera is an autotrophic organism which makes its own food through
photosynthsis.Aloe vera is a vascular plant which has phloem and xylem cells that helps in the
movement of water and food as per required. Aloe vera plants produce offsets adjacent to the
parent plants and also produce tall seeded flower spikes. Pollination also helps in the production
of seed. The offsets can be separated and grown separately.
3. Spiders have eight legs and fangs that inject venom. They belongs to Arachnids class. They
feed on dead arthropods. pollen if caught in webs are also eaten. They capture their prey by the
means of sticky webs. The venomproduce by them par.
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1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
plants
This document provides an overview of plant characteristics and classification. It discusses the key parts and processes of seed plants including angiosperms and gymnosperms. Seed plants are classified into gymnosperms, which produce naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce seeds within fruits. Angiosperms undergo pollination and fertilization to produce seeds which are then dispersed by fruits. This allows for sexual reproduction through cross-pollination and asexual reproduction through vegetative propagation. Seed plants are essential to humans and ecosystems.
Summer Pictures pt.1
This document defines and describes several biological terms in 1-2 sentences each. It defines fructose, annelid, angiosperm, lichen, keratin, insects, modified stems, tissue, and chitinous. The definitions provide the key characteristics or functions for each term, such as fructose being a sweet sugar found in fruits and honey, annelids being segmented worms, and tissues being aggregates of similar cells that perform specific functions.
Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and ans.pdf
Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and answer the each living things
with each number 1,2,3,and 4. Thank you. Go to open area (part, etc.) and observe four different
living organisms. For each organism observed, 1) tell what kind of organism you saw and
describe what it was doing when you saw. 2) describe how each organism obtains
energy/nourishment 3) describe how each organism has adaptations to avoid predation 4)
describe how each kind of organism that you observed produces LARGE PLANT (over 5 feet
tall) answer SMALL OLANT (under 1 foot tall) answer ARTHROPOD (insect, spider, pill bu
etc. answer TETRAPOD (amphibian, reptile, bird, mammal) answer
Solution
1. Pine is a conifer plant which belongs in the Pinus genus of the family Pinaceae. They are
gymnosperms, yellow in colour with harder wood and two to three needles per fascicle. They are
evergreen with about 10-260 feet tall in height. Needles are green and bundled in clusters called
fascicles.When the shoot is damaged then the needle fascicles will generate bud to replace the
lost leaves. Pine trees uses photosynthesis to create or obtain their own nourishment.
Photosynthesis is the process where sunlight, water and carbon dioxide are taken by the pine tree
and then converted into sugars and starches which are used as food energy. They have thick bark
to protect against cold. Pine cones protect the seeds during harsh winter. The needles reduce the
water loss. Pine trees reproduce by producing seeds. They possess both male and female
reproductive structures on the same tree. Pollen is produced by male cone and is transferred with
the help of pollination to the female cone and results in the formation of embryos. The embryos
grows into seeds.
2. Aloe vera is a plant which belongs to the genus Aloe. It is cultivated for various medicinal and
agricultural use. They are stemless plant of about 60-100 cm tall in height. The leaves are thick
and fleshy and grown in trophical climates. The leaves of aloe vera contain phytochemicals. Aloe
vera forms mycorrhiza which is a symbiosis that allows the plant access to mineral nutrients in
soil.They have succulents which helps the plant to retain water. Aloe vera has thich and fleshy
leaves which enlarges for the accomodation of aqueous tissue. The leaf cuticle is covered with
wax. Aloe vera is an autotrophic organism which makes its own food through
photosynthsis.Aloe vera is a vascular plant which has phloem and xylem cells that helps in the
movement of water and food as per required. Aloe vera plants produce offsets adjacent to the
parent plants and also produce tall seeded flower spikes. Pollination also helps in the production
of seed. The offsets can be separated and grown separately.
3. Spiders have eight legs and fangs that inject venom. They belongs to Arachnids class. They
feed on dead arthropods. pollen if caught in webs are also eaten. They capture their prey by the
means of sticky webs. The venomproduce by them par.
ANGIOSPERMS.pptx
This document provides information about the angiosperms (flowering plants). It defines angiosperms and provides details about their characteristics such as having seeds enclosed in an ovary. It describes key parts of angiosperms like roots, stems, leaves and flowers. It also discusses the life cycle of angiosperms including sexual reproduction and pollination. The document outlines several economically important families of angiosperms like Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae. It highlights the many uses of angiosperms including as food sources, medicines, fibers and more.
Gnetophyta
This document summarizes key characteristics of the plant division Gnetophyta. It describes three main genera within this division: Welwitschia, Ephedra, and Gnetum. Welwitschia is a bizarre desert plant found in Africa with only two strap-like leaves. Ephedra is a genus of small shrubs or vines found in dry areas worldwide. Gnetum includes about 30 tropical vine-like species. All three genera share some characteristics with flowering plants like vessel elements in xylem and double fertilization, distinguishing them from other gymnosperms.
PGS 504 Basic concepts of laboratory techniques
This document provides definitions and descriptions of key terms used in the taxonomy and description of flowering plants. It begins by defining terms related to the anatomy and morphology of flowers, such as stamen, pistil, calyx, corolla, filament, anther, bract, ovary, pedicel, peduncle, perianth, petal, stigma, and style. It then discusses terms used to describe inflorescences. Finally, it provides definitions and context around plant taxonomy, describing its goals and different systems used for plant classification.
cyptogams vs phanerogams
Cryptogams are plant groups that reproduce via spores rather than seeds, including algae, lichens, mosses and ferns. They have hidden reproductive organs and represent non-seed bearing plants. The main cryptogam groups are thallophytes, bryophytes and pteridophytes. Examples include mosses, liverworts, and ferns.
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Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and ans.pdf
Please write the answers with long sentences like essay form and ans.pdf
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Biology Vocab 1
- 1. Frond A leaf especially of a fern, cycad or palm, a leaf-like portion of a non-vascular plant This fern is a frond
- 3. Arthropod Any invertebrate of the phylum Arthropoda, having a segmented body, jointed limbs, and usually a chitinous shell that undergoes moltings, including the insects, spiders and other arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods. This spider is an arthropod
- 4. Conifer Any of numerous, chiefly evergreen trees or shrubs of the class Coniferinae This evergreen is part of the class coniferinae
- 5. Insect Any animal of the class Insecta, comprising small, air-breathing arthropods having the body divided into three parts (head, thorax, and abdomen), and having three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings. This fly is an insect
- 6. Thorn of a plant a sharp excrescence on a plant, esp. a sharp-pointed aborted branch; spine; prickle. This plant has thorns on the stems
- 7. Pine Cone The cone or strobile of a pine tree.
- 8. Stem - Herbaceous Refers to a plant that has a non-woody stem and which dies back at the end of the growing season. This plant has a herbaceous stem
- 9. Stem – Woody Woody - Of or containing wood or wood fibres, consisting mainly of hard lignified tissues. This plant has a woody stem
- 10. Mycelium Mass of hyphae that constitutes the vegetative part of a fungus.