The document discusses two types of diseases in humans: communicable and non-communicable. Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by an infectious agent that can be transmitted from an infected person, animal, or source to a susceptible host directly or indirectly. They spread from person to person or animal to person through air, contact, or bodily fluids. Examples are colds. Non-communicable diseases are disorders of structure or function that produce specific symptoms or affect a specific location, not caused by physical injury.