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Similar to Biological classification systems etc ad biodiversity
Biological classification systems etc ad biodiversity
- 1. Welcome to Introduction toClassification
- 2. • The branchof study that deals with principles and procedures of identification, classification and nomenclature of organisms is called taxonomy. Recall! Taxonomy
- 3.
- 4. What do yousee here?
- 5. Which of theseare fruits? Which are vegetables?
- 6. Let’s classify! Fruits- Watermelon,orange, muskmelon, kiwi, grapes, berries, pear, banana, lemon, pomegranate.
- 7. Let’s classify! Vegetables- Carrot,broccoli, beans, onion, garlic, tomato
- 9. Classification to studydiversity of living world
- 10.
- 11. ● Identification anddescription of organisms ● Arrangement of organism in various categories ● Evolve a phylogenetic system Biological Classification Objectives of Biological Classification-
- 12. Let’s travel backin time to learn about history of classification
- 13.
- 14. ARISTOTLE ● Father ofbiology ● Earliest scientific classification based on simple morphological characters ● Classified living things as plants and animals History of Classification
- 15. Several Woody Stems(Shrubs) Plants One Woody Stem (Trees) Soft Stem (Herbs) Animals RBC Habitat Land Dwellers Water Dwellers Air Dwellers Enaima (with RBC) Anaima (without RBC) History of Classification
- 16. ● No evolutionary relationships consideration ●First novel attempt of classification of living organisms Merit Demerit History of Classification
- 17.
- 18. Carolus Linnaeus ★ Fatherof Taxonomy. ★ Gave two kingdom classification ★ Wrote Species plantarum and Systema naturae Two Kingdom Classification (1758) Plantae Animalia Two Kingdom Classification
- 19. Are two kingdomsenough to classify all organisms?
- 20.
- 21. ERNST HAECKEL ● Proposedthree kingdom classification ● Established Kingdom Protista Ernst Haeckel Animalia Plantae Protista ● Demerit : Not accepted because both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms containing chlorophyll were grouped together Three Kingdom Classification
- 22. Habitat Animalia Plantae Protista Monera HERBERT COPELAND ● Proposedfour kingdom classification ● Established Kingdom Monera Herbert Copeland ● Demerit : Algae, Fungi, and Protozoan were all included under Kingdom Protista Four Kingdom Classification
- 23.
- 24. R H Whittaker ROBERTH. WHITTAKER ● Proposed five kingdom classification in 1969 ● Established Kingdom Fungi ● Based on : ○ Cell structure ○ Body organisation ○ Mode of nutrition ○ Reproduction ○ Phylogenetic relationship Five Kingdom Classification
- 25.
- 26. Monera Present Non- cellulosic (polysaccharide + aminoacid) Animalia Absent Fungi Present with chitin Cell Wall Protista Present in some (varied composition) Plantae Present with cellulose Five Kingdom Classification
- 27.
- 28. Monera Cellular Animalia Tissue / Organ/ OrganSystem Fungi Multicellular / Loose Tissue Body Organisation Protista Cellular Plantae Tissue / Organ Five Kingdom Classification
- 29. Animalia Heterotrophic (holozoic/ Saprophytic etc) Fungi Heterotrophic (saprophytic/ parasitic) Mode Of Nutrition Protista Autotrophic (photosynthetic)and Heterotrophic Plantae Autotrophic (photosynthetic) Monera Autotrophic (chemosynthetic/ photosynthetic) Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic Five Kingdom Classification
- 30. Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom protista Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes Complex(multicellular) Simple (unicellular) Autotroph Photosynthesis Consumer Heterotrophy Ingestion Decomposer Heterotrophy Absorption Ecological role Mode of nutrition Complexity of organism Complexity of Cell Direction of Evolution Producer Eukaryotes
- 31.
- 32. In Whittaker’s fivekingdom classification, all unicellular eukaryotes, primarily aquatic and having a well defined nucleus and various cell organelles belong to Protista B Animalia C Plantae D Monera A
- 33. In Whittaker’s fivekingdom classification, all unicellular eukaryotes, primarily aquatic and having a well defined nucleus and various cell organelles belong to Protista B Animalia C Plantae D Monera A
- 34. R.H. Whittaker proposedthe five kingdom classification. In his system of classification: ★ Kingdom Monera includes all the unicellular prokaryotes. ★ Kingdom Protista includes the unicellular eukaryotes, which are primarily aquatic and have a well defined nucleus and various other cell organelles. Discussion Protista B
- 35. Which kingdom showsmaximum nutritional diversity? Fungi B Plantae C Animalia D Monera A
- 36. Which kingdom showsmaximum nutritional diversity? Fungi B Plantae C Animalia D Monera A
- 37. Kingdom Monera showsthe maximum nutritional diversity. ★ Kingdom Monera includes autotrophs (chemosynthetic/photosynthetic) heterotrophs (saprophytic/parasitic). ★ Kingdom Fungi constitutes heterotrophs (saprophytic/parasitic). ★ Kingdom Plantae includes the autotrophs (photosynthetic). ★ Kingdom Animalia includes Heterotrophs (holozoic/Saprophytic etc). Discussion Monera A
- 38. Merits and Demerits of Fivekingdom classification
- 39. Merits: ★ Prokaryotes gota separate place as Kingdom Monera ★ Unicellular and multicellular organisms are kept separate ★ Fungi are placed in a separate kingdom as their mode of nutrition differs from all other plants ★ Autotrophs and heterotrophs are placed separately. Merits
- 40. Demerits: ★ Some unicellularalgae (Chlamydomonas) are kept in Kingdom Protista, away from remaining algae placed in Kingdom Plantae ★ Chlorella and Chlamydomonas (autotrophic) placed with Paramecium and Amoeba (heterotrophic) in Kingdom Protista ★ No place for viruses and lichens Demerits
- 41.
- 42. Ernst Haeckel Two Kingdom Classification (1758) Plantae Animalia ThreeKingdom Classification (1860s) Protista Plantae Animalia
- 43. Herbert Copeland R HWhittaker Four Kingdom Classification (1860s) Monera Protista Plantae Animalia Four Kingdom Classification (1860s) Monera Protista Plantae Animalia Fungi
- 44.