- The periodontal ligament connects the cementum and alveolar bone and is made of collagen fibers that allow teeth a small degree of movement.
- Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved through applying prolonged, lighter forces that cause remodeling of the alveolar bone through pressure and tension on the periodontal ligament fibers on opposite sides of the tooth.
- Tooth movement occurs in three phases - an initial phase of rapid movement, a lag phase where the compressed periodontal ligament becomes necrotic, and a secondary phase where new bone and ligament formation allows further tooth movement.
Cezar Edward Lahham graduated from Al-Quds University in 2018 with a BDS and MJDF. The document discusses various topics related to physiologic and orthodontic tooth movement including theories of tooth eruption, migration/drift of teeth, tooth movement during mastication, piezoelectric effects, force magnitudes, anchorage, modes of tooth movement, and effects of drugs on orthodontic treatment. It provides detailed explanations of the biological processes and cellular activities involved in different types of tooth movement in response to forces.
This document provides an overview of periodontal ligaments and orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses:
1) The structure and components of the periodontal ligament, including collagen fibers, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and cementoblasts.
2) The normal functions of the periodontal ligament in absorbing forces during mastication and proprioception.
3) The process of orthodontic tooth movement, which involves altering blood flow and releasing chemical messengers like prostaglandins to activate bone resorbing and depositing cells over hours and days.
4) The different responses to light versus heavy orthodontic forces, with light forces causing frontal resorption
This document summarizes the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by introducing the structures involved, including the periodontium. When forces are applied, the periodontium and distant structures experience changes. Osteocytes in the alveolar bone act as mechanosensors, initiating remodeling responses. Fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament and gingiva also act as mechanosensors and transducers. Applied forces cause blood vessel reorganization and neovascularization. Neural responses also occur due to mechanical forces. Theories of tooth movement involve pressure, tension, blood flow changes, and new concepts like fluid shear stress. Cellular behaviors differ in tension and compression sites.
Molecular and ultracellular basis of orthodontic tooth movementMiliya Parveen
Contents -
Introduction
Response to normal function
Response to Continuous Pressure
Force for Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Modes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Hyalinization
Role of Piezoelectric Current
Theories of orthodontic mechanisms
Phases of tooth movement
Pathways of tooth movement
Signaling molecules and metabolites in orthodontic tooth movement
Role of Cytokines, Growth Factors and Transcription Factors
Role of Prostaglandins
Cellular networking in tooth remodeling
The intracellular second-messenger systems
Role of Vitamin D and diacylglycerol
RANK RANKL/OPG pathway
Sequence of events after force application
Changes in PDL
Changes in Gingiva
Markers For Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Conclusion
The document summarizes the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It discusses how application of force leads to bone remodeling through pressure and tension on the periodontal ligament. Optimal force causes bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side through cellular processes. Tooth movement occurs in initial, lag, and post-lag phases as the hyalinized tissue is removed and bone remodeling allows for further movement.
This document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It covers topics such as the periodontal ligament, types of forces, phases of tooth movement, and theories of tooth movement. The key points are:
1) Tooth movement occurs through remodeling of the alveolar bone mediated by the periodontal ligament. Light continuous forces produce optimal movement with minimal tissue damage.
2) Tooth movement involves an initial phase of displacement, followed by a lag phase where hyalinized tissue forms, and then a post-lag phase where movement resumes as the hyalinized tissue is removed.
3) Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of tooth movement, including the pressure-tension
The document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It covers theories of tooth movement, types of tooth movement including tipping, bodily movement, and intrusion, and the effects of forces on teeth and bone. It also describes the periodontal ligament response to normal function and prolonged force, including bone resorption on the compression side by osteoclasts and piezoelectric signals generated by bone bending. Optimum force magnitudes and durations for different types of tooth movement are also presented.
Biology of tooth movement /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Cezar Edward Lahham graduated from Al-Quds University in 2018 with a BDS and MJDF. The document discusses various topics related to physiologic and orthodontic tooth movement including theories of tooth eruption, migration/drift of teeth, tooth movement during mastication, piezoelectric effects, force magnitudes, anchorage, modes of tooth movement, and effects of drugs on orthodontic treatment. It provides detailed explanations of the biological processes and cellular activities involved in different types of tooth movement in response to forces.
This document provides an overview of periodontal ligaments and orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses:
1) The structure and components of the periodontal ligament, including collagen fibers, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and cementoblasts.
2) The normal functions of the periodontal ligament in absorbing forces during mastication and proprioception.
3) The process of orthodontic tooth movement, which involves altering blood flow and releasing chemical messengers like prostaglandins to activate bone resorbing and depositing cells over hours and days.
4) The different responses to light versus heavy orthodontic forces, with light forces causing frontal resorption
This document summarizes the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by introducing the structures involved, including the periodontium. When forces are applied, the periodontium and distant structures experience changes. Osteocytes in the alveolar bone act as mechanosensors, initiating remodeling responses. Fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament and gingiva also act as mechanosensors and transducers. Applied forces cause blood vessel reorganization and neovascularization. Neural responses also occur due to mechanical forces. Theories of tooth movement involve pressure, tension, blood flow changes, and new concepts like fluid shear stress. Cellular behaviors differ in tension and compression sites.
Molecular and ultracellular basis of orthodontic tooth movementMiliya Parveen
Contents -
Introduction
Response to normal function
Response to Continuous Pressure
Force for Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Modes of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Hyalinization
Role of Piezoelectric Current
Theories of orthodontic mechanisms
Phases of tooth movement
Pathways of tooth movement
Signaling molecules and metabolites in orthodontic tooth movement
Role of Cytokines, Growth Factors and Transcription Factors
Role of Prostaglandins
Cellular networking in tooth remodeling
The intracellular second-messenger systems
Role of Vitamin D and diacylglycerol
RANK RANKL/OPG pathway
Sequence of events after force application
Changes in PDL
Changes in Gingiva
Markers For Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Conclusion
The document summarizes the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It discusses how application of force leads to bone remodeling through pressure and tension on the periodontal ligament. Optimal force causes bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side through cellular processes. Tooth movement occurs in initial, lag, and post-lag phases as the hyalinized tissue is removed and bone remodeling allows for further movement.
This document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It covers topics such as the periodontal ligament, types of forces, phases of tooth movement, and theories of tooth movement. The key points are:
1) Tooth movement occurs through remodeling of the alveolar bone mediated by the periodontal ligament. Light continuous forces produce optimal movement with minimal tissue damage.
2) Tooth movement involves an initial phase of displacement, followed by a lag phase where hyalinized tissue forms, and then a post-lag phase where movement resumes as the hyalinized tissue is removed.
3) Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of tooth movement, including the pressure-tension
The document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It covers theories of tooth movement, types of tooth movement including tipping, bodily movement, and intrusion, and the effects of forces on teeth and bone. It also describes the periodontal ligament response to normal function and prolonged force, including bone resorption on the compression side by osteoclasts and piezoelectric signals generated by bone bending. Optimum force magnitudes and durations for different types of tooth movement are also presented.
Biology of tooth movement /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic tooth movement is made possible by bone remodeling in response to applied forces. When optimal forces are used, tooth movement occurs in three phases: initial rapid movement, followed by a lag phase where hyalinization occurs, then a post-lag phase of continued movement through bone resorption and deposition on the pressure and tension sides respectively. Several theories explain the biological mechanisms underlying tooth movement, involving changes in blood flow, piezoelectric effects, and modeling and remodeling of alveolar bone by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
The document discusses the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It covers the historical perspective of orthodontics, the tooth-supporting structures including the periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum and alveolar bone. It also discusses the theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory, fluid-dynamic theory, and bone bending theory. The document outlines the normal response of tissues to function and different phases of tooth movement seen with light versus heavy orthodontic forces.
Orthodontic tooth movement involves applying prolonged force to a tooth to cause bone remodeling and tooth migration. There are three types of natural tooth movement: eruption, drift, and changes during mastication. Orthodontic forces create areas of pressure and tension in the periodontal ligament that initiate a biological process of bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side. This movement occurs in stages as the periodontal ligament and bone adapt to the new tooth position.
Physiology of tooth movement 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tooth movement induced by orthodontic force application is
characterized by changes in the cells and tissue. When exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency,
and duration of mechanical loading, cells and tissue show
extensive macroscopic and microscopic changes.
This document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL) and its role in orthodontic tooth movement. It contains the following key points:
1. The PDL is a collagenous structure that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. When orthodontic forces are applied, the PDL mediates bone resorption and deposition, allowing tooth movement.
2. There are different theories that explain how orthodontic forces stimulate the PDL to remodel bone, including the pressure-tension theory. This theory proposes that light forces cause bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side through changes to blood flow and chemical mediator release.
3. Heavy forces can
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various methods to enhance orthodontic tooth movement. It describes how application of light continuous forces for prolonged periods, as well as intermittent forces, can encourage tooth movement. It also explores how drugs like prostaglandins and relaxin can increase the rate of movement by stimulating bone remodeling processes. Finally, it examines surgical techniques such as corticotomies and alveolar distraction that utilize the body's regional acceleratory phenomenon to speed up orthodontic tooth alignment.
biology/biomechanics of tooth movement by dr.shadman zakirshadman zakir
This document summarizes the key aspects of orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses the different types of tooth movement that occur during orthodontic treatment, including tipping, rotation, bodily movement, torque, and vertical movement. It also describes the histological changes that take place in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in response to orthodontic forces, such as bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side. Different theories for the mechanism of tooth movement are also presented, including the classic pressure-tension theory and more recent fluid dynamics and bone bending theories.
1. Orthodontic tooth movement is initiated by a clinician applying force to a tooth, moving it beyond its normal physiological range.
2. Several factors affect the amount and nature of tooth movement, including the magnitude, direction, and type of force applied, as well as biological factors like bone density, age, and systemic health.
3. Physiological tooth movement includes slight tipping as teeth function, eruption, and slow migration over time to compensate for wear.
This document summarizes the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins with an introduction and outline, then covers topics such as the periodontal and bone response to forces, theories of tooth movement, phases of tooth movement, types of forces, types of tooth movements, definitions, and deleterious effects of forces. Key points include descriptions of the pressure-tension and bioelectric theories of tooth movement, the initial, lag, and post-lag phases, continuous, interrupted and intermittent forces, and potential negative effects like pain, mobility and root resorption.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins with a brief history of orthodontics, covering early practitioners from Roman times to the 19th century who pioneered the use of mechanical forces to correct tooth alignment. The document then examines various theories of how orthodontic tooth movement occurs, such as bone bending, pressure-tension mechanisms, fluid dynamics, and bioelectric signals. Key cellular and molecular processes involved in orthodontic tooth movement, such as the roles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, are also summarized. Optimal orthodontic forces and factors influencing the rate and outcome of tooth movement are discussed.
This document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It begins with an introduction to how orthodontic forces are transferred through teeth to the periodontium, triggering biological responses that allow tooth movement. It then covers the history of theories of tooth movement dating back to the 18th century. The bulk of the document details the cascade of biological events that occur in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in response to orthodontic forces, including changes in blood flow, release of signaling molecules, cellular responses, production of prostaglandins and other mediators, and bone remodeling through resorption and formation. It also addresses how mechanical forces are detected by bone cells and discusses theories of strain release potentials
Biochemical mediators. kavitha /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various biochemical mediators involved in orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by describing the periodontal ligament and bone remodeling processes in response to orthodontic forces. It then discusses various first messengers like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and nitric oxide that are released during tooth movement. These first messengers activate second messengers like cAMP, cGMP, and inositol phosphates. Finally, it discusses various chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory response and pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement.
Tissue reaction in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses fracture fixation and healing. It covers the stages of bone healing including inflammation, callus formation, remodeling. It describes indirect and direct bone healing mechanisms. Key factors that influence fracture healing are also summarized such as injury characteristics, patient variables like age and nutrition, and tissue variables like bone type and blood supply. Treatment methods that can interfere with healing are also outlined like inadequate immobilization or excessive early mobilization. Complications of malunion and non-union are also defined.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1) Orthodontic tooth movement occurs through remodeling of the alveolar bone mediated by the periodontal ligament in response to prolonged orthodontic forces.
2) Light, sustained forces compress the periodontal ligament fibers and alter blood flow, releasing chemical signals that stimulate bone resorption and formation, allowing tooth movement. Heavy forces may occlude blood vessels, causing cell death in the compressed region.
3) The biological response involves both piezoelectric signals generated by bone bending and changes in blood flow and chemical environment, though the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Maintaining light, prolonged forces is important for generating an optimal response without tissue damage.
Orthodontic tooth movement is made possible by bone remodeling in response to applied forces. When optimal forces are used, tooth movement occurs in three phases: initial rapid movement, followed by a lag phase where hyalinization occurs, then a post-lag phase of continued movement through bone resorption and deposition on the pressure and tension sides respectively. Several theories explain the biological mechanisms underlying tooth movement, involving changes in blood flow, piezoelectric effects, and modeling and remodeling of alveolar bone by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
The document discusses the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It covers the historical perspective of orthodontics, the tooth-supporting structures including the periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum and alveolar bone. It also discusses the theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory, fluid-dynamic theory, and bone bending theory. The document outlines the normal response of tissues to function and different phases of tooth movement seen with light versus heavy orthodontic forces.
Orthodontic tooth movement involves applying prolonged force to a tooth to cause bone remodeling and tooth migration. There are three types of natural tooth movement: eruption, drift, and changes during mastication. Orthodontic forces create areas of pressure and tension in the periodontal ligament that initiate a biological process of bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side. This movement occurs in stages as the periodontal ligament and bone adapt to the new tooth position.
Physiology of tooth movement 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Tooth movement induced by orthodontic force application is
characterized by changes in the cells and tissue. When exposed to varying degrees of magnitude, frequency,
and duration of mechanical loading, cells and tissue show
extensive macroscopic and microscopic changes.
This document discusses the periodontal ligament (PDL) and its role in orthodontic tooth movement. It contains the following key points:
1. The PDL is a collagenous structure that attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone. When orthodontic forces are applied, the PDL mediates bone resorption and deposition, allowing tooth movement.
2. There are different theories that explain how orthodontic forces stimulate the PDL to remodel bone, including the pressure-tension theory. This theory proposes that light forces cause bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side through changes to blood flow and chemical mediator release.
3. Heavy forces can
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses various methods to enhance orthodontic tooth movement. It describes how application of light continuous forces for prolonged periods, as well as intermittent forces, can encourage tooth movement. It also explores how drugs like prostaglandins and relaxin can increase the rate of movement by stimulating bone remodeling processes. Finally, it examines surgical techniques such as corticotomies and alveolar distraction that utilize the body's regional acceleratory phenomenon to speed up orthodontic tooth alignment.
biology/biomechanics of tooth movement by dr.shadman zakirshadman zakir
This document summarizes the key aspects of orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses the different types of tooth movement that occur during orthodontic treatment, including tipping, rotation, bodily movement, torque, and vertical movement. It also describes the histological changes that take place in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in response to orthodontic forces, such as bone resorption on the pressure side and bone deposition on the tension side. Different theories for the mechanism of tooth movement are also presented, including the classic pressure-tension theory and more recent fluid dynamics and bone bending theories.
1. Orthodontic tooth movement is initiated by a clinician applying force to a tooth, moving it beyond its normal physiological range.
2. Several factors affect the amount and nature of tooth movement, including the magnitude, direction, and type of force applied, as well as biological factors like bone density, age, and systemic health.
3. Physiological tooth movement includes slight tipping as teeth function, eruption, and slow migration over time to compensate for wear.
This document summarizes the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins with an introduction and outline, then covers topics such as the periodontal and bone response to forces, theories of tooth movement, phases of tooth movement, types of forces, types of tooth movements, definitions, and deleterious effects of forces. Key points include descriptions of the pressure-tension and bioelectric theories of tooth movement, the initial, lag, and post-lag phases, continuous, interrupted and intermittent forces, and potential negative effects like pain, mobility and root resorption.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins with a brief history of orthodontics, covering early practitioners from Roman times to the 19th century who pioneered the use of mechanical forces to correct tooth alignment. The document then examines various theories of how orthodontic tooth movement occurs, such as bone bending, pressure-tension mechanisms, fluid dynamics, and bioelectric signals. Key cellular and molecular processes involved in orthodontic tooth movement, such as the roles of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, are also summarized. Optimal orthodontic forces and factors influencing the rate and outcome of tooth movement are discussed.
This document discusses the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It begins with an introduction to how orthodontic forces are transferred through teeth to the periodontium, triggering biological responses that allow tooth movement. It then covers the history of theories of tooth movement dating back to the 18th century. The bulk of the document details the cascade of biological events that occur in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone in response to orthodontic forces, including changes in blood flow, release of signaling molecules, cellular responses, production of prostaglandins and other mediators, and bone remodeling through resorption and formation. It also addresses how mechanical forces are detected by bone cells and discusses theories of strain release potentials
Biochemical mediators. kavitha /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
This document discusses various biochemical mediators involved in orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by describing the periodontal ligament and bone remodeling processes in response to orthodontic forces. It then discusses various first messengers like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and nitric oxide that are released during tooth movement. These first messengers activate second messengers like cAMP, cGMP, and inositol phosphates. Finally, it discusses various chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory response and pain associated with orthodontic tooth movement.
Tissue reaction in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses fracture fixation and healing. It covers the stages of bone healing including inflammation, callus formation, remodeling. It describes indirect and direct bone healing mechanisms. Key factors that influence fracture healing are also summarized such as injury characteristics, patient variables like age and nutrition, and tissue variables like bone type and blood supply. Treatment methods that can interfere with healing are also outlined like inadequate immobilization or excessive early mobilization. Complications of malunion and non-union are also defined.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1) Orthodontic tooth movement occurs through remodeling of the alveolar bone mediated by the periodontal ligament in response to prolonged orthodontic forces.
2) Light, sustained forces compress the periodontal ligament fibers and alter blood flow, releasing chemical signals that stimulate bone resorption and formation, allowing tooth movement. Heavy forces may occlude blood vessels, causing cell death in the compressed region.
3) The biological response involves both piezoelectric signals generated by bone bending and changes in blood flow and chemical environment, though the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Maintaining light, prolonged forces is important for generating an optimal response without tissue damage.
This document summarizes the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It discusses the three types of tooth movement: physiologic, pathologic, and orthodontic. For orthodontic tooth movement, it describes the main theories including pressure-tension theory and blood flow theory. It also outlines the phases of tooth movement, how bone is resorbed and deposited during movement, optimal force levels, and factors that can influence the rate of movement.
This document discusses the biological basis of orthodontic tooth movement. It begins by describing how orthodontic forces cause tooth movement through bone remodeling mediated by the periodontal ligament. It then discusses the cellular and molecular events that occur during tooth movement, including the roles of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes. Specific pathways like RANKL/RANK/OPG and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling are also summarized. The document outlines the different phases of tooth movement and various theories to explain phenomena like eruption, drift, and orthodontic tooth movement. Markers of active tooth movement like MMP-1 and MMP-2 are also mentioned.
- Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium, causing injury. It can be acute or chronic.
- The magnitude, direction, duration, and frequency of forces impact the periodontium's ability to adapt. Excessive pressure or tension can damage tissues.
- Primary trauma from occlusion is caused by changes in occlusal forces, while secondary trauma occurs when reduced bone support impairs the tissues' resistance to normal forces.
- The periodontium responds to trauma in three stages - injury, repair through new tissue formation, and adaptive remodeling to better withstand forces. Trauma can cause reversible damage if forces are reduced, or lead to irreversible injury if
Trauma from occlusion occurs when occlusal forces exceed the tolerance of the periodontal tissues, causing injury. The document defines occlusion and discusses the forces involved. It describes physiologic, non-physiologic, and therapeutic occlusion and outlines the stages of tissue response to increased forces - injury, repair, and adaptive remodeling. Clinical signs of trauma from occlusion include increased tooth mobility, which can be initial or secondary mobility. Both physiologic adaptation and pathological response to excessive forces present as increased mobility clinically.
This document provides an overview of the biology of orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses physiologic tooth movement including eruption, migration, and movement during mastication. It then covers the theories of tooth eruption and details migration/drift of teeth. The document outlines the periodontium including its cellular elements and fibers. It explains orthodontic tooth movement through pressure-tension theory and the effects of light versus heavy forces. It also discusses the potential deleterious effects of orthodontic forces and factors that can enhance or impede tooth movement.
This document discusses trauma from occlusion (TFO), which refers to injury to the periodontium resulting from excessive occlusal forces. It defines key terms, classifies TFO, and describes the stages of tissue response and role of occlusion in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Several human and animal studies are summarized that investigated the relationship between occlusal forces and periodontal disease, generally finding that excessive forces alone do not cause attachment loss but may alter the pathway of destruction in the presence of plaque. The document provides an overview of TFO and its relationship to periodontal disease.
This document discusses biomechanics and mechanics of tooth movement in orthodontics. It covers:
1. The basic definitions of mechanics, stress, strain, stiffness, strength and other mechanical properties relevant to orthodontic tooth movement.
2. Theories of tooth movement including biomechanical, pressure-tension, fluid dynamics and piezoelectric theories.
3. Factors that influence tooth movement including force magnitude, duration, and decay over time. Light continuous forces produce faster movement through bone remodeling compared to heavy forces which cause bone necrosis.
4. Types of tooth movement including tipping, bodily movement, intrusion, extrusion, rotation and root uprighting.
This document provides an introduction to myofunctional appliances. It defines myofunctional appliances as those that harness muscle pressure to affect tooth movement, while functional appliances elicit natural functions of the orofacial region to affect results. The document discusses various types of functional appliances, their mechanisms of action including muscle stimulation and force application/elimination, as well as indications and contraindications for their use. Key advantages are that they can be used to manage certain malocclusions during growth periods.
Bone healing dr mohamed ashraf alleppeydrashraf369
biological basis of bone healing.presenting the clinical application of the process and how it fails.presentation by dr mohamed ashraf,professor and head ,govt TD medical college hospital ,alleppey,kerala, india .drashraf369@gmail.com
This document provides an overview of the biology of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. It discusses the phases of tooth movement including the initial phase, lag phase, and post lag phase. It also describes the histological changes that occur on the pressure and tension sides of the tooth during movement. Several theories of tooth movement are presented, including the pressure-tension theory, blood flow theory, and bone bending/piezoelectric theories. Optimum orthodontic forces are defined as those that produce rapid movement with minimal tissue damage and patient discomfort.
Trauma from occlusion in Periodontics.pptxSUBHRADIPKAYAL
Contents
1. Definitions
2. Introduction
3. Classification of Trauma from occlusion
4. Stages of tissue response
5. Clinical features
6. Radiological features
7. Trauma from occlusion and plaque associated periodontal disease
8. Treatment of TFO
9. References
Definitions
• When occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of tissues, tissue injury results. The resultant injury is termed as trauma from occlusion. - Carranza 10th edition
• Trauma from occlusion is a term used to describe pathologic alterations or adaptive changes which develop in the periodontium as a result of undue force produced by the masticatory muscles. - Lindhe 6th edition
• Stillman (1917) as “a condition where injury results to the supporting structures of the teeth by the act of bringing the jaws into a closed position”.
• WHO (1978) defined trauma from occlusion as “damage in the periodontium caused by stress on the teeth produced directly or indirectly by teeth of the opposing jaw”.
• Injury resulting in tissue changes within the attachment apparatus as a result of occlusal force(s). - AAP Glossary of periodontal terms 2001; 4th Edition
Introduction
• The periodontal ligament has a cushioning effect on forces applied to teeth as means to accommodate forces exerted on the crown.
• When there is increase in occlusal forces, changes occur in the periodontium in order to accommodate such forces.
• Changes occur in magnitude, direction, duration and frequency of increased occlusal forces.
Increased magnitude of occlusal forces
• Widening of periodontal ligament space.
• An increase in number and width of periodontal ligament fibers.
• An increase in the density of alveolar bone.
Changes in direction of occlusal forces
• Reorientation of the stresses and strains within the periodontium.
• The principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are arranged so that they best accommodate occlusal forces along the long axis of the tooth.
• Lateral (horizontal) and torque (rotational) forces are more likely to injure the periodontium.
Duration and frequency of occlusal forces
• Constant pressure on the bone is more injurious than intermittent forces.
• The more frequent the application of an intermittent force, the more injurious the force is to the periodontium.
Classification
According to mode of onset
1. Acute
2. Chronic
According to the capacity of the periodontium to resist to occlusal forces
1. Primary
2. Secondary
Acute trauma from occlusion
• Acute trauma from occlusion results from an abrupt occlusal impact such as that produced by biting on a hard object. Restorations or prosthetic appliances that interfere with or alter the direction of occlusal forces on the teeth may also induce acute trauma.
• Clinical features
1. Tooth pain
2. Sensitivity to percussion
3. Tooth mobility
Chronic trauma from occlusion
• It is more common than acute trauma from occlusion and is of greater clinical significance.
The document discusses accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (AOO), a technique that uses alveolar corticotomy and bone grafting to facilitate faster tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. Key points include:
- AOO utilizes circumferential corticotomy cuts and bone grafting to temporarily reduce cortical bone density and allow for more rapid tooth movement through remodeling.
- Treatment involves bone activation via corticotomy, followed by placement of particulate bone graft material and orthodontic forces. This results in tooth movement 2-3 times faster than traditional orthodontics.
- Case studies demonstrate successful use of AOO for non-extraction treatment, space closure, and correction of crowding and crossbites,
A presentation on inter-relationship between periodontal and orthodontic events. Helpful for dental graduates and perio and ortho post graduate students.
Orthodontics-Periodontics Relationship
ntroduction
Biological basis for orthodontic therapy
Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic force
Effects of orthodontic tooth movement on the periodontium
Orthodontic tooth movement in adults with periodontal tissue breakdown
Specific factors associated with orthodontic tooth movement
Implants and orthodontic therapy
Systematics of combined ortho – perio treatment
Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO)
Minor periodontal surgery and orthodontic treatment
Review of literature
Trauma from occlusion and Pathologic migration in periodonticsArthiie Thangavelu
This document discusses trauma from occlusion (TFO), which occurs when occlusal forces exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium. It defines acute and chronic TFO and primary and secondary TFO. It describes the physiologic adaptive capacity and discusses the stages of injury, repair, and remodeling. Clinical signs include tooth mobility, pain, and radiographic features like increased PDL space. Diagnosis involves tests like fremitus and articulating paper to detect occlusal interferences. Treatment aims to reduce excessive occlusal forces and allow the periodontium to adapt.
1. The periodontium has an adaptive capacity to respond to occlusal forces through remodeling of the periodontal ligament fibers, bone, and cementum. Excessive occlusal forces can lead to injury of the periodontium if they exceed this capacity.
2. Injury from occlusion can be either primary, caused by direct occlusal trauma, or secondary, occurring when reduced periodontal support lowers the tissue's threshold for injury. The distinction between primary and secondary trauma is meaningless as the tissue response is similar.
3. Inflammation from plaque can extend from the gingiva to the bone through blood vessels. When occlusal forces are excessive, they can alter the pathway
Biomechanics of Othodontic Tooth Movement_ 1 Dr. Nabil Al-ZubairNabil Al-Zubair
1) The document discusses the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement, including the physiology of the periodontal ligament and bone turnover in response to applied forces.
2) Tooth movement depends on applying light, continuous forces to the periodontal ligament over time to stimulate bone resorption on the pressure side and deposition on the tension side.
3) Different orthodontic appliances can apply different types of forces (tipping, translation, rotation, intrusion, extrusion) to produce the desired tooth movements. Fixed appliances allow for more complex movements while removable appliances are limited to tipping but are more patient-friendly.
Similar to Biological basis of tooth movement (20)
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
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Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
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Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
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2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
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2. Periodontal ligament structure and function
•The pdl occupies the periodontal space, located between
alveolar bone and cementum
•Major component of the ligament is a network of parallel
collagenous fibers inserting into the cementum and bony
plate
• principal cells of pdl are undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
and their progeny in the form of fibroblasts and osteoblast
3. • pdl space is filled with a fluid derived from vascular system
which allows the pdl space to play the role of a shock
absorber
•Under normal circumstances pdl occupy about 0.25mm of
pdl space
4.
5. Response to Normal function
•During mastication tooth contact lasts for 1 sec or less,
•forces ranging from 1-50kg are experienced under such load
quick displacement of tooth in pdl is prevented by tissue fluid
in pdl space
•forces are then transmitted to bone which bends in response
•Bone bending generates piezo electricty which appear to be
a stimulus for skeletal regeneration and repair
6. •If prolonged heavy forces are applied pain is felt after
3-5secs as the fluid gets squeezed out of the periodontal
space
•Orthodontic tooth movement is made possible by
application of prolonged forces
7. Periodontal ligament and bone response to
sustained force
• sustained heavy forces lead to rapidly developing pain
necrosis and undermining resorption of alveolar bone
•Sustained lighter forces is compatibile with survival off cells
in pdl and leads to frontal resorption of tooth socket which is
relatively painless
•In orthodontics ,the objective is to produce tooth movement
by frontal resorption
8. Biologic control of tooth movement
Two possible control elements involved in tooth movement
are:
1. biologic electricity
2. Pressure-tension in periodontal ligament
9. Biologic electricity
• Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon In which a deformation of
the crystal structure provides a flow of electric current
,sources of piezoelectricity in the periodontium are bone
,collagen ,collagen- hydroxyapetite interface.
•Piezoelectricity has 2 unusual characteristics
1. Quick decay rate
2. Production of an equivalent signal ,opposite in direction,
when forces are released
10. •Ions that bathe bone interact with electric fields generated
when the bone bends causing electric signals in the form of
volts as well as temperature changes , as a result both
convection and conduction currents are affected by nature of
fluids
•The small voltages that are observed are callled streaming
potential , these voltages are different from piezolelectric
current flow but have in common their rapid onset and
alteration as changing stresses are placed on bone
•Electromagnetic fields affect cell membrane potentials and
permeability and thereby trigger changes in cellular activity
11. Pressure –tension in periodontal ligament
Pressure –tension theory is a classic theory of tooth
movement , relies of chemical rather than electric signals as
stimulus for cellular differentiation and tooth movement.
The mechanical effects on cells within the pdl cause the
release of cytokines , prostaglandins and other chemical
messengers
Blood flow decreases in pressure side and increases in tension
side which create changes in chemical environment ,for
instance oxygen is decreased in compressed area and CO2
increased and vice versa on tension side
These change stimulate cellullar differentiation and activity
12. Effects of force duration and force decay
•Sustained force is key to orthodontic tooth movement
•Approximately 4 hrs sustained force is required o increase
cyclic nucleotide levels in pdl
•Types of force
1. Continuous force – force maintained at some appreciable
fraction of orginal force
16. Tissue response in periodontium
•Initial period of tooth movement/initial phase
•Hyalinization phase/ lag phase
•Secondary period of tooth movement/post lag phase
17. Initial period of tooth movement
•Application of a continuous force on the crown of the
tooth leads to rapid tooth movement by narrowing of
the periodontal membrane, particularly in the
marginal area
•It takes about 30-40hrs for osteoclasts to
differentiate along the alveolar bone wall
•Direct resorption of alveolar bone
18.
19. Hyalinization Phase/lag phase
•During the initial application of force, compression in limited
areas of the membrane impedes vascular circulation and cell
differentiation, causing degradation of the cells and vascular
structures
•tissue reveals a glasslike appearance in light microscopy,
which is termed hyalinization
•Hyalinization represents a sterile necrotic area,
characterized by three main stages: degeneration ,
elimination of destroyed tissue, and establishment of a new
tooth attachment.
•Little or no tooth movement occur in this phase until
adjacent bone has been resorbed
20.
21. If the forces used are heavy the area of hyalinization
is large and resorption occurs in a rearward direction
which is termed as undermining resorption
swelling of the mitochondria and the endoplasmic
reticulum and continuing with rupture and dissolution
of the cytoplastic membrane. This leaves only isolated
nuclei between compressed fibrous elements
(pyknosis)
22. Hyalinized Zone and Root Resorption
• side effect of the cellular activity during the removal
of the necrotic hyalinized tissue is that the cementoid
layer of the root and the bone are left with raw
•Root resorption then occurs around this cell-free
tissue, starting at the border of the hyalinized zone
23. •(initial phase ) was defined as a penetration of cells
from the periphery of the necrotic tissue where
mononucleated fibroblast-like cells, stained negatively
by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), started
removing the cementum surface
•Root resorption beneath hyalinized zone occurred in
a later phase during which multinucleated
TRAP-positive cells were involved in removing the
main mass of necrotic PDL tissue and resorbing the
outer layer of the root cementum.
24. Secondary Period of Tooth Movement/post lag phase
•In this period , the PDL is considerably widened
•The osteoclasts attack the bone surface over a much wider
area.
•As long as the force is kept within limits bone resorption is
predominantly direct fibrous
•attachment apparatus is reorganized by the production of
new periodontal fibrils.
25.
26. • Large number of osteoclasts appear along bone
surface on pressure side and tooth movement is rapid
•Deposition of alveolar bone on tension side
•Osteoblasts with darkly stained nucleus observed
along stretched fiber bundles
31. •Experiments show after about 4 hrs of sustained pressure
there is increase in cAMP which is the second messenger for
many cellular functions including differentiation
•Orthodontic tooth movement only occur if force is present
over the threshold of 4-6 hrs
•After 1st hr of sustained force prostaglandins and interleukin-
1 beta levels rise in pdl,it is now clear that the PgE is an
important mediator of cellular response
32. •Concentration of RANKL in and OPG in GCF increase with
orthodontic tooth movement which suggest that pdl cells
under stress induce formation of octeoclasts through
upregulation of RANKL
•PgE stimulate both osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity
•Parathyroid hormone if injected induces osteoclastic activity
in few hours while it take 48hrs when mechanical
deformation is the stimulus
•Osteoclasts arrive in 2 waves ,1st wave from local population
and second wave from distant areas through blood
33. •Light forces induce frontal resorption where
osteoclasts directly resorb adjacent bone on
pressure side of pdl
• heavy forces produce undermining resorption
where osteoclasts appear within adjacent bone
marrow spaces and begin attack on underside of
bone adjacent to necrotic area
34. Effects of force distribution and the type of tooth movement
Pdl response is determined not by force alone but force per
unit area or pressure
Tipping
•Produced with single force
•Tooth rotates around its center of resistance a point located
halfway down the root
•PDL is compressed near root apex on same side as the spring
and at crest of alveolar bone on opposite side from spring
35. •Maximum pressure is at the alveolar crest and root
apex and minimum pressure in center of resistance
•Force used to tip tooth should be low
•Tipping forces should not exceed 50 gms and lighter
forces are better for smaller teeth
•Tipping can be of two types:
Controlled tipping and uncontrolled tipping
36.
37. Bodily movements/translation
•Obtained by force couples acting along parallel lines
and distributing force over alveolar bone surface
•PDL is loaded uniformly
•70-120gms of force required for this type of
movement
38.
39. Torquing
Tipping of apex ,pressure area located close to middle
region of root due to pdl being wider in apical 3rd than
middle 3rd charecterized by lingual movement of root
43. •Forces are directed along the long axis of the tooth
•Does not cause any compression of pdl ,rather only cause
tension in the pdl
•35-60 gms of force is required to bring about this movement
•Heavy forces must be avoided as it poses risk of extraction
45. •Intrusion can only be accomplished using light forces since
forces is concentrated in a small area at the tooth apex
•In other cases alveolar bone may be closer to apex
increasing risk of root resorption
•Causes stretch on principal fibers and may cause bony
spicules in marginal area
•May cause pulpal changes such as pupal edema and
vascularization of odontoblasts
46.
47. Movement in labial direction
•Heavy forces in the labial and buccal direction may result in
alveolar bone dehiscence which may lead to soft tissue
recession
•Labial bone reforms in area of dehiscence with intact
epithelial junction when tooth is retracted towards a proper
positioning of root within alveolar process
•When moved labially,areas with thin gingiva serve as a locus
minor resistentiae to developing soft tissue defects in
presence of plaque induced inflammation
48. •Careful examination of dimension of tissues covering facial
aspect of teeth to be moved should precede labial tooth
movement
• as long as tooth Is moved within the envelop of the alveolar
process the risk of harmful side effects in marginal tissue is
minimal
49. Movement into reduced alveolar bone height
By position teeth toward edentulous area improved
aesthetics and functional results may be gained
Many of such cases have a reduced alveolar bone height
When tooth is moved to edentulous area newly formed bone
on pressure side showed resorption on the surface near
root and apposition on opposite side of the thin boneplate
52. Local biologic mediators of orthdontic tooth movement
During quiescence,osteocytes secrete sclerostin ` which
inhibits wnt cell signaling preosteoblastic differentiation and
bone formation
Upon tooth movement pdl cells,bone lining cells,alveolar
bone osteocytes secrete cytokines(TNF ,IL1B) which
stimulate autocrine and paracrine cell changes and
production of biologic mediators (CSF-1,VEGF,PGE2) which
regulate bone formation and resorption process
53.
54. Neuropeptides and orthodontic tooth movement
•Pulpal and pdl nocioreceptors on orthodontic tooth
movement release substance p and calcitonin gene related
peptide/CGRP
•These neuropeptides enchance secretion of inflammatory
cytokines and increases vasodilation and permeability of
blood vessels and promote tooth movement
55. RANK/RANKL/OPG system for control of osteoclastogenesis
•Regulation of osteoblasts are mediated by
RANK/RANKL/OPG complex
•RANKL found on surface of osteoblast lineage cells when
RANKL binds to RANK it stimulates osteoclastogensis
•RANK-RANKL interaction is regulated by OPG which is
secreted by cells of osteoblastic lineage and is a competitive
inhibitor of RANKL hence diminishing osteoclastogensis and
bone resorption
56. •OPG expression increases in tension areas of pdl and alveolar
bone and RANKL expression increases in compression areas
•Injection of OPG-Fc /monoclonal antibody to RANKL inhibits
relapse of tooth movement beyond constraints of tooth
socket for upto 1 month after appliance therapy
57. Drug effects on the response to orthodontic force
•At present drugs that stimuate tooth movement are
unlikely to be encountered
•Direct injection of prostaglandin into pdl has shown an
increase rate of tooth movement but it causes pain hence
not practical
•Relaxin injection has been proposed to cause faster tooth
movement due its effects on collagen but studies did not
show consistent positive effect
58. Prostaglandin inhibitors
•Fall into 2 categories
corticosteroids and NSAIDs
•Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid thus
inhibits prostglandins an reduces tooth movement
•NSAIDS inhibit conversion of arachidonic acid to
prostaglandins
Other classes of drugs that can effect prostaglandin levels are
tricyclic antidepressant,antiarrhythmic drugs ,anti malarials
and methylxanthine
59. Bisphosphonates
•Are used in postmenopausal females to inhibit bone loss by
preventing bone resorption by disrupting intracellular
enzymatic function of osteoclasts hence they retard
orthodontic tooth movement
•Bisphosphonates are associated with unusual necrosis of
mandibular bone typically after extraction
And is most often seen in patients with metastatic bone
cancer who recieve high dose of bisphosphonate
Elective orthodontic extractions should be avoided in such
cases
60. •They get incorporated into bone due to their
pyrophosphate analouges hence stoping drug doesn’t
eliminate all its effects
•Treament is possible only if bisphosphonates are stoped for
a period of 3 months or prescribed evista which is an
estrogen analouge which has no effect on tooth movement
61. PHYSICAL METHODS THAT STIMULATE THE BIOLOGY OF
ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT
Injury-Facilitated Acceleration of Tooth Movement
•The biology underlying injury-facilitated acceleration of tooth
movement is generally attributed to the regional acceleratory
phenomenon (RAP), a nonspecific, dynamic healing process
of bone after sustaining trauma, and this process is generally
characterized by upregulated bone remodeling
•decortication of the alveolar bone leads to escalated
demineralization– remineralization dynamics
62. •Kole introduced a surgical procedure that involved
vertical cuts of the buccal and lingual alveolar cortical
plates (corticotomy) combined with subapical horizontal
cuts penetrating the entire alveolus (osteotomy)
65. •decades later, Wilcko et al. revised this surgical procedure by
adding bone grafting to the corticotomies. This procedure is
now termed periodontally accelerated osteogenic
orthodontics (PAOO)
•Cortical bone injuries without reflecting flaps characterized
by small and local incisional cuts (called corticision or
piezocision) were subsequently Proposed by hoogeveen et al
66. •high-frequency cyclic forces were found to stimulate bone
formation and reduce osteoclast density in rabbit craniofacial
sutures and to upregulate rat alveolar bone osteogenesis.
•On the other hand, high-frequency vibrations were also
found to accelerate tooth movement in rats by upregulating
RANKL expression and enhancing bone resorption
Vibration-Induced Acceleration of Tooth Movement
67. Acceledent vibration device which consist of a mouth piece onto which
patient bite down ,produces 30 hz daily
68. Laser Irradiation-Induced Acceleration of Tooth Movement
• Data from animal studies indicate that mechanisms
such as stimulation of alveolar bone remodeling, upregulation
of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K and integrin
expression,activation of the RANK/RANKL system, and
stimulationof fibronectin and type I collagen expression may
mediate the effect of low-energy laser irradiation
Editor's Notes
Principal fibers
Transeptal
Alveolar crestal
Horizontal
Oblique
Apical
Inter radicular
When conditions are favorable, the cells increase in number and differentiate into osteoclasts
and fibroblasts
When the movement is discontinued, repair of the resorbed
lacunae occurs