Petrobras is exploring opportunities in renewable energy such as biomass, biofuels, and photovoltaics. It has set targets to develop 169 MW of renewable energy capacity and produce 8,200 barrels per day of biodiesel by 2010. Brazil has had success with its ethanol fuel program since the 1970s due to reasons such as reducing oil imports and providing an alternative, domestic fuel solution. Sugarcane ethanol is now an important part of Brazil's energy matrix, and flexible-fuel vehicles allow consumers to choose ethanol or gasoline. Petrobras sees potential to expand Brazil's role in the growing global ethanol market.
Brazil natural gas industry regulation, market & investmentdaniel edwin
The natural gas industry in Brazil has evolved significantly since the 1950s. Petrobras originally had a monopoly but constitutional and regulatory changes in the 1990s and 2000s opened the industry to private investment and competition. The National Petroleum Agency (ANP) now regulates various aspects of the industry including transportation, imports/exports, storage and distribution. Recent laws and regulations standardized procedures for open seasons, transportation concessions, and tariffs. This has led to significant expansion of Brazil's natural gas pipeline network and opportunities for new investment in production and infrastructure.
Presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable technologie...ajagger
Delivering a Sustainable Future Through Innovation - presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable
technologies and innovation sourcing, Dow Chemical
Clearing the Carbon Confusion Dr Richard EckardCloverhill
This document discusses agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and options for farmers to participate in the Carbon Farming Initiative to earn carbon credits. It notes that methane and nitrous oxide from agriculture account for a large portion of Australia's national emissions. Through the CFI, farmers can receive credits for reducing emissions or increasing carbon storage. Participation is voluntary and credits can be sold to offset emissions in mandatory or voluntary carbon markets. The document outlines several options farmers have to reduce emissions through practices like dietary supplements, animal management, improving feed quality, and better nitrogen management.
Final presentation for the final project ahmad alqahtaniAhmad AlQahtani
Euro Village Compound is a residential and office complex in Khobar, Saudi Arabia consisting of villas, offices, hotels, and other facilities. A carbon footprint study found the compound's total 2011 emissions were 53,767 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Over 99% of emissions came from purchased electricity and fugitive emissions from refrigerants. The study recommends a 20% reduction target by 2020 through efficiency upgrades like improving insulation, replacing older air conditioners, and using more efficient appliances.
This document discusses supply chain exposure from carbon pricing. It begins by outlining different greenhouse gases, their lifetimes, global warming potentials, and contributions to total emissions. It then presents a framework for assessing an organization's ability to adapt to carbon pricing based on culture and impact. Different carbon pricing scenarios are evaluated for their status and scope. The document concludes by stating that supply chain exposure is determined more by culture than new costs, and that both risk and opportunities exist for early adapters and late movers.
Harv Gr Eng Bioenergy Sustain Forest Jan 2008 Mpmmpattonmallory
This document discusses sustainability and bioenergy from forests. It outlines opportunities for bioenergy production from forest biomass, including displacement of fossil fuel emissions. Challenges include ensuring sustainable harvest levels that don't compromise forest health or carbon storage. Effective policy is needed to develop biomass in a way that balances energy, environmental and economic goals to achieve truly sustainable forests.
Thinking of Greening Your Fleet? (Webinar Presentation)aboutros
Presentation used during CrossChasm\'s webinar on green fleet procurement practices.
The presentation outlines the key findings of a green fleet study that showed how the use of real vehicle usage patterns can improve your ability to predict annual fuel cost savings by up to 64%, allowing you to develop accurate fleet-specific hybrid business cases.
Edition 31 - Sharing in Petrobras - number 2/2009Petrobras
Petrobras had a net income of $2.64 billion in the first quarter of 2009, a 21.7% increase over the fourth quarter of 2008. Total oil and gas production reached 2.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, up 6.65% from the same period in 2008. The Akpo field in Nigeria began production in March, with Petrobras holding a 16% interest. Petrobras also announced three new oil discoveries in the Santos Basin and installed a new supercomputer to better simulate production from pre-salt reservoirs.
Brazil natural gas industry regulation, market & investmentdaniel edwin
The natural gas industry in Brazil has evolved significantly since the 1950s. Petrobras originally had a monopoly but constitutional and regulatory changes in the 1990s and 2000s opened the industry to private investment and competition. The National Petroleum Agency (ANP) now regulates various aspects of the industry including transportation, imports/exports, storage and distribution. Recent laws and regulations standardized procedures for open seasons, transportation concessions, and tariffs. This has led to significant expansion of Brazil's natural gas pipeline network and opportunities for new investment in production and infrastructure.
Presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable technologie...ajagger
Delivering a Sustainable Future Through Innovation - presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable
technologies and innovation sourcing, Dow Chemical
Clearing the Carbon Confusion Dr Richard EckardCloverhill
This document discusses agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in Australia and options for farmers to participate in the Carbon Farming Initiative to earn carbon credits. It notes that methane and nitrous oxide from agriculture account for a large portion of Australia's national emissions. Through the CFI, farmers can receive credits for reducing emissions or increasing carbon storage. Participation is voluntary and credits can be sold to offset emissions in mandatory or voluntary carbon markets. The document outlines several options farmers have to reduce emissions through practices like dietary supplements, animal management, improving feed quality, and better nitrogen management.
Final presentation for the final project ahmad alqahtaniAhmad AlQahtani
Euro Village Compound is a residential and office complex in Khobar, Saudi Arabia consisting of villas, offices, hotels, and other facilities. A carbon footprint study found the compound's total 2011 emissions were 53,767 metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Over 99% of emissions came from purchased electricity and fugitive emissions from refrigerants. The study recommends a 20% reduction target by 2020 through efficiency upgrades like improving insulation, replacing older air conditioners, and using more efficient appliances.
This document discusses supply chain exposure from carbon pricing. It begins by outlining different greenhouse gases, their lifetimes, global warming potentials, and contributions to total emissions. It then presents a framework for assessing an organization's ability to adapt to carbon pricing based on culture and impact. Different carbon pricing scenarios are evaluated for their status and scope. The document concludes by stating that supply chain exposure is determined more by culture than new costs, and that both risk and opportunities exist for early adapters and late movers.
Harv Gr Eng Bioenergy Sustain Forest Jan 2008 Mpmmpattonmallory
This document discusses sustainability and bioenergy from forests. It outlines opportunities for bioenergy production from forest biomass, including displacement of fossil fuel emissions. Challenges include ensuring sustainable harvest levels that don't compromise forest health or carbon storage. Effective policy is needed to develop biomass in a way that balances energy, environmental and economic goals to achieve truly sustainable forests.
Thinking of Greening Your Fleet? (Webinar Presentation)aboutros
Presentation used during CrossChasm\'s webinar on green fleet procurement practices.
The presentation outlines the key findings of a green fleet study that showed how the use of real vehicle usage patterns can improve your ability to predict annual fuel cost savings by up to 64%, allowing you to develop accurate fleet-specific hybrid business cases.
Edition 31 - Sharing in Petrobras - number 2/2009Petrobras
Petrobras had a net income of $2.64 billion in the first quarter of 2009, a 21.7% increase over the fourth quarter of 2008. Total oil and gas production reached 2.3 million barrels of oil equivalent per day, up 6.65% from the same period in 2008. The Akpo field in Nigeria began production in March, with Petrobras holding a 16% interest. Petrobras also announced three new oil discoveries in the Santos Basin and installed a new supercomputer to better simulate production from pre-salt reservoirs.
RES-T-NEXT, IEA RETD workshop in London, 26th August 2015IEA_RETD
IEA-RETD Report: Next Generation Policy Instruments for Renewable Transport (RES-T-NEXT)
David de Jager, Operating Agent IEA-RETD
The RES-T-Next project aims at providing an analysis of next generation RES-T policy instruments and recommendations regarding private and urban transport in order to increase the level of energy used from renewable sources and to decrease GHG emissions.
This document summarizes energy usage and alternative energy options in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It finds that the Upper Peninsula spends over $385 million annually on energy, with residential usage accounting for $142 million and industrial usage the highest at $157 million. Solar and wind power have grown due to the state's renewable energy policies, but the Upper Peninsula faces high costs and low solar resources compared to other parts of the country. The document proposes helping local businesses lower energy costs and invest those savings in workforce development through energy efficiency upgrades, demand charges, and time-of-use rates analysis.
RE-DELAYS: Documenting and analising the cost of regulatory delaysIEA_RETD
IEA-RETD investigated the costs of regulatory delays for the growth and economic potential of the renewable energy industry. Key recommendations from the RE-DELAYS project are:
• Streamline the regulatory processes by creating a one stop shop with simplified rules for applications.
• Increase accountability for decision making processes at the regulatory/governmental level, for example in the form of pre-determined fines associated with not achieving set milestones.
• Link the level of incentive such as FIT to delay.
• Define clear procedures and cost impact assessment of appeal processes.
• Inform the public about benefits and risks of RE and encourage consultative mechanisms to share concerns.
The project was carried out by 3E together with London Economics International LLC (LEI).
Green & Gold - a look into Ireland's Sustainable FutureIBM S&D
How energy compares, where it all started, what alternative resources do we have, what\'s left of the conventional stuff, the importance of conscious choices, is going nuclear a real option and what does this all have to do with Ireland?
Dr Chris Harris on an alternative transport vision for New Zealandmhjbnz
This document discusses how the hopes and dreams of transportation planning in the 1950s did not come to fruition by the imagined year of 2000. It notes that overseas, motorways are being closed and returned to public transportation like trams and that a rail revival may be needed. It questions where transportation planning went wrong, forgetting the importance of public spaces and adopting the private car as the default solution without considering long term costs to public health and the environment.
Renewable Energy and Transport Developments
1) Ireland aims to source 10-16% of total energy from renewable sources by 2020, including 10% of transport from electric vehicles.
2) Battery electric vehicles have lower lifecycle emissions than petrol or diesel vehicles but higher upfront capital costs.
3) With increased wind power, electric vehicles and heat pumps can help manage intermittent supply by charging when wind is plentiful and exporting stored power during low wind.
Keynote Biomethane A Renewable Fuel Greg Archer Low C V PEggfuel
The document discusses the role of alternative fuels, including biomethane, in reducing transport emissions in the UK. It notes that transport emissions are a significant and growing source of emissions that will consume the entire EU emissions cap by 2050 if not addressed. Biomethane is highlighted as a promising renewable fuel for reducing emissions from commercial vehicles and buses, though currently only supplied in small volumes. New policies like the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and EU directives provide support for sustainable biofuels like biomethane that meet certain greenhouse gas reduction thresholds.
Funky Renewables is a renewable energy company that provides flexible solutions using various renewable technologies like solar PV, wind, heat pumps, and biomass. They pride themselves on using high quality, long lasting components from partners in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Their mission is to install renewable systems to the highest standards using qualified technicians while offering strong warranties and customer service.
This document outlines a project to substitute 10% of Italian petrol consumption with non-fossil energy sources. It analyzes biodiesel and electric cars as potential solutions. For biodiesel, a preliminary analysis finds that substituting diesel with a 20% biodiesel blend would require 3.85 million tons of biodiesel per year and occupy 20.08% of Italian agricultural land. A lifecycle assessment identifies oil extraction as the main source of emissions for biodiesel production. A thermoeconomic analysis assigns economic values to process streams and finds distillation to have the highest exergoeconomic factor. For electric cars, preliminary analysis estimates substituting 24.53% of cars would require 18.21 years and 4
Biofuels semester project second presentationMatteo Marsullo
This document outlines an analysis comparing substituting 10% of Italian petrol with non-fossil energy sources. It considers substituting or not substituting the Italian car fleet and compares the environmental, economic, and energetic aspects. The analysis will include a life cycle assessment of biodiesel by May 14th and of electric cars by June 14th. Preliminary results show biodiesel could substitute around 3.85 million tons of diesel per year requiring around 3.57 million hectares of land for rapeseed and sunflower production. An electric car analysis considers factors like battery efficiency and grid losses to estimate fossil fuel substitution. Completing the economic analysis of electric car substitution and an environmental analysis via life cycle assessment are next steps.
The document discusses fuel substitution in India, specifically substituting coal with natural gas. It notes that while coal is abundant in India, its use has significant environmental impacts. Natural gas power plants have higher efficiency and lower emissions than coal plants. However, gas availability is limited by infrastructure and supply constraints. The document evaluates options for meeting India's increasing energy demand through 2030 in a sustainable way, including fuel switching, improving efficiency, expanding renewable energy and nuclear power, and reducing energy intensity.
The role of financial models in infrastructure projects (Rickard Wärnelid pre...Marianna Shamoun
Rickard Wärnelid presents 'The role of financial models in infrastructure projects' at the Alternative funding for transport infrastructure conference in Sydney on 26 & 27 March 2014
Alternative Fuel Public Transport BusesIJERD Editor
The paper objective is to develop an analytical framework that will give us more insight into the
trends in emissions standards as well as technology development, and eventually translate these insights into a
sound investment decision making strategy. Public transport buses are high usage vehicles that operate in
heavily congested areas where air quality improvements and reductions in public exposure to harmful air
contaminants are critical. As such, they are good candidates for achieving both near-term and long-term
emission reductions. Cleaner and less polluting public transport buses based on alternative fuels are of
paramount importance if cities are to attain their ambitious emissions reduction targets. Decision making for the
investment in alternative fuel buses is dependent on future technological development and emissions standards,
and it is difficult, given the uncertainty in regards to both these factors.
Overview of transport protocols as alternatives to TCP and UDP.
TCP and UDP are the two transport protocols (OSI layer 4) that are predominantly used by applications in IP based networks.
The properties of TCP and UDP are complementary in that TCP provides many quality of service features that UDP lacks.
Therefore, TCP is mainly used in applications that require a certain level of reliable transport connection while UDP is used when reliability is of secondary importance but speed and simplicity are important.
There are, however, alternatives to TCP and UDP. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) was defined some time ago and was meant to eventually replace TCP. It provides the same features as TCP but fixes some of the shortcomings of TCP. Alternatives for UDP exist as well such as Reliable UDP and UDP redundancy.
Clean power for transport: a European alternative fuels strategy. The role of...EBAconference
This document discusses the European Union's Clean Power for Transport initiative to reduce dependence on oil for transportation. It promotes increasing the use of natural gas and biomethane as alternatives. The EU has adopted a directive establishing infrastructure targets for natural gas fueling stations to support road and water transportation using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and biomethane by 2025-2030. The directive also aims to improve technical specifications and consumer information to facilitate the transition to alternative fuels across all EU member states.
Methanol institute 2016 overview of rapidly emerging methanol markets for fue...Steve Wittrig
This document discusses methanol as a transportation fuel. It notes that methanol production can bridge conventional fossil fuels and renewable feedstocks. Methanol can be used directly as a fuel through blending with gasoline or producing dimethyl ether, or indirectly through producing biodiesel, MTBE, or fuels through methanol-to-olefins or methanol-to-gasoline processes. China is a leader in using methanol fuel, with over 7 million metric tons of methanol blended annually in gasoline as M15. Guidelines are provided for safe handling of methanol at blending terminals and retail fuel stations.
Alternative fuels are needed to meet rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. India relies on imports for 3/4 of its oil needs. Biofuels like biodiesel from palm and jatropha oil and bioethanol from sugarcane offer alternatives. Algal fuels from algae lipids offer high yields without using farmland. Natural gas and biogas can fuel vehicles when compressed as CNG or liquefied, and have lower emissions than gasoline. Electric vehicles powered by batteries or hydrogen fuel cells produce no emissions but have limited range, though fuel cell vehicles could go further. Plastic and emulsified diesel also show potential as alternative transport fuels.
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
The document discusses second generation biofuels produced from lignocellulosic feedstocks. It summarizes the status of different technologies being developed to produce ethanol, butanol, and diesel equivalents from biomass sources. The sustainability and environmental benefits of these biofuels are also examined, including significant potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. Barriers to commercialization are noted but large-scale production is expected within the next decade.
This document provides an overview of natural gas liquids (NGLs) markets in the United States. It defines various NGL products like ethane, propane, butanes and natural gasoline. It discusses NGL supply sources from natural gas processing plants and oil refineries. It also covers NGL demand segments, transportation costs, and pricing factors like physical location. Overall it aims to explain the basics of NGL markets including characteristics, fundamentals and how individual NGL products are extracted and valued from natural gas.
RES-T-NEXT, IEA RETD workshop in London, 26th August 2015IEA_RETD
IEA-RETD Report: Next Generation Policy Instruments for Renewable Transport (RES-T-NEXT)
David de Jager, Operating Agent IEA-RETD
The RES-T-Next project aims at providing an analysis of next generation RES-T policy instruments and recommendations regarding private and urban transport in order to increase the level of energy used from renewable sources and to decrease GHG emissions.
This document summarizes energy usage and alternative energy options in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It finds that the Upper Peninsula spends over $385 million annually on energy, with residential usage accounting for $142 million and industrial usage the highest at $157 million. Solar and wind power have grown due to the state's renewable energy policies, but the Upper Peninsula faces high costs and low solar resources compared to other parts of the country. The document proposes helping local businesses lower energy costs and invest those savings in workforce development through energy efficiency upgrades, demand charges, and time-of-use rates analysis.
RE-DELAYS: Documenting and analising the cost of regulatory delaysIEA_RETD
IEA-RETD investigated the costs of regulatory delays for the growth and economic potential of the renewable energy industry. Key recommendations from the RE-DELAYS project are:
• Streamline the regulatory processes by creating a one stop shop with simplified rules for applications.
• Increase accountability for decision making processes at the regulatory/governmental level, for example in the form of pre-determined fines associated with not achieving set milestones.
• Link the level of incentive such as FIT to delay.
• Define clear procedures and cost impact assessment of appeal processes.
• Inform the public about benefits and risks of RE and encourage consultative mechanisms to share concerns.
The project was carried out by 3E together with London Economics International LLC (LEI).
Green & Gold - a look into Ireland's Sustainable FutureIBM S&D
How energy compares, where it all started, what alternative resources do we have, what\'s left of the conventional stuff, the importance of conscious choices, is going nuclear a real option and what does this all have to do with Ireland?
Dr Chris Harris on an alternative transport vision for New Zealandmhjbnz
This document discusses how the hopes and dreams of transportation planning in the 1950s did not come to fruition by the imagined year of 2000. It notes that overseas, motorways are being closed and returned to public transportation like trams and that a rail revival may be needed. It questions where transportation planning went wrong, forgetting the importance of public spaces and adopting the private car as the default solution without considering long term costs to public health and the environment.
Renewable Energy and Transport Developments
1) Ireland aims to source 10-16% of total energy from renewable sources by 2020, including 10% of transport from electric vehicles.
2) Battery electric vehicles have lower lifecycle emissions than petrol or diesel vehicles but higher upfront capital costs.
3) With increased wind power, electric vehicles and heat pumps can help manage intermittent supply by charging when wind is plentiful and exporting stored power during low wind.
Keynote Biomethane A Renewable Fuel Greg Archer Low C V PEggfuel
The document discusses the role of alternative fuels, including biomethane, in reducing transport emissions in the UK. It notes that transport emissions are a significant and growing source of emissions that will consume the entire EU emissions cap by 2050 if not addressed. Biomethane is highlighted as a promising renewable fuel for reducing emissions from commercial vehicles and buses, though currently only supplied in small volumes. New policies like the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation and EU directives provide support for sustainable biofuels like biomethane that meet certain greenhouse gas reduction thresholds.
Funky Renewables is a renewable energy company that provides flexible solutions using various renewable technologies like solar PV, wind, heat pumps, and biomass. They pride themselves on using high quality, long lasting components from partners in Germany and elsewhere in Europe. Their mission is to install renewable systems to the highest standards using qualified technicians while offering strong warranties and customer service.
This document outlines a project to substitute 10% of Italian petrol consumption with non-fossil energy sources. It analyzes biodiesel and electric cars as potential solutions. For biodiesel, a preliminary analysis finds that substituting diesel with a 20% biodiesel blend would require 3.85 million tons of biodiesel per year and occupy 20.08% of Italian agricultural land. A lifecycle assessment identifies oil extraction as the main source of emissions for biodiesel production. A thermoeconomic analysis assigns economic values to process streams and finds distillation to have the highest exergoeconomic factor. For electric cars, preliminary analysis estimates substituting 24.53% of cars would require 18.21 years and 4
Biofuels semester project second presentationMatteo Marsullo
This document outlines an analysis comparing substituting 10% of Italian petrol with non-fossil energy sources. It considers substituting or not substituting the Italian car fleet and compares the environmental, economic, and energetic aspects. The analysis will include a life cycle assessment of biodiesel by May 14th and of electric cars by June 14th. Preliminary results show biodiesel could substitute around 3.85 million tons of diesel per year requiring around 3.57 million hectares of land for rapeseed and sunflower production. An electric car analysis considers factors like battery efficiency and grid losses to estimate fossil fuel substitution. Completing the economic analysis of electric car substitution and an environmental analysis via life cycle assessment are next steps.
The document discusses fuel substitution in India, specifically substituting coal with natural gas. It notes that while coal is abundant in India, its use has significant environmental impacts. Natural gas power plants have higher efficiency and lower emissions than coal plants. However, gas availability is limited by infrastructure and supply constraints. The document evaluates options for meeting India's increasing energy demand through 2030 in a sustainable way, including fuel switching, improving efficiency, expanding renewable energy and nuclear power, and reducing energy intensity.
The role of financial models in infrastructure projects (Rickard Wärnelid pre...Marianna Shamoun
Rickard Wärnelid presents 'The role of financial models in infrastructure projects' at the Alternative funding for transport infrastructure conference in Sydney on 26 & 27 March 2014
Alternative Fuel Public Transport BusesIJERD Editor
The paper objective is to develop an analytical framework that will give us more insight into the
trends in emissions standards as well as technology development, and eventually translate these insights into a
sound investment decision making strategy. Public transport buses are high usage vehicles that operate in
heavily congested areas where air quality improvements and reductions in public exposure to harmful air
contaminants are critical. As such, they are good candidates for achieving both near-term and long-term
emission reductions. Cleaner and less polluting public transport buses based on alternative fuels are of
paramount importance if cities are to attain their ambitious emissions reduction targets. Decision making for the
investment in alternative fuel buses is dependent on future technological development and emissions standards,
and it is difficult, given the uncertainty in regards to both these factors.
Overview of transport protocols as alternatives to TCP and UDP.
TCP and UDP are the two transport protocols (OSI layer 4) that are predominantly used by applications in IP based networks.
The properties of TCP and UDP are complementary in that TCP provides many quality of service features that UDP lacks.
Therefore, TCP is mainly used in applications that require a certain level of reliable transport connection while UDP is used when reliability is of secondary importance but speed and simplicity are important.
There are, however, alternatives to TCP and UDP. SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) was defined some time ago and was meant to eventually replace TCP. It provides the same features as TCP but fixes some of the shortcomings of TCP. Alternatives for UDP exist as well such as Reliable UDP and UDP redundancy.
Clean power for transport: a European alternative fuels strategy. The role of...EBAconference
This document discusses the European Union's Clean Power for Transport initiative to reduce dependence on oil for transportation. It promotes increasing the use of natural gas and biomethane as alternatives. The EU has adopted a directive establishing infrastructure targets for natural gas fueling stations to support road and water transportation using compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and biomethane by 2025-2030. The directive also aims to improve technical specifications and consumer information to facilitate the transition to alternative fuels across all EU member states.
Methanol institute 2016 overview of rapidly emerging methanol markets for fue...Steve Wittrig
This document discusses methanol as a transportation fuel. It notes that methanol production can bridge conventional fossil fuels and renewable feedstocks. Methanol can be used directly as a fuel through blending with gasoline or producing dimethyl ether, or indirectly through producing biodiesel, MTBE, or fuels through methanol-to-olefins or methanol-to-gasoline processes. China is a leader in using methanol fuel, with over 7 million metric tons of methanol blended annually in gasoline as M15. Guidelines are provided for safe handling of methanol at blending terminals and retail fuel stations.
Alternative fuels are needed to meet rising energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. India relies on imports for 3/4 of its oil needs. Biofuels like biodiesel from palm and jatropha oil and bioethanol from sugarcane offer alternatives. Algal fuels from algae lipids offer high yields without using farmland. Natural gas and biogas can fuel vehicles when compressed as CNG or liquefied, and have lower emissions than gasoline. Electric vehicles powered by batteries or hydrogen fuel cells produce no emissions but have limited range, though fuel cell vehicles could go further. Plastic and emulsified diesel also show potential as alternative transport fuels.
The document discusses the increasing reliance on fossil fuels for energy needs and the finite nature of these resources. It states that approximately 90% of energy requirements are met by fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, which are expected to deplete within the next 200-300 years and few decades respectively. To avoid future scarcity, the document emphasizes the need to develop alternative renewable energy sources like hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol, and biomass, which are more environmentally friendly and sustainable than fossil fuels.
The document discusses second generation biofuels produced from lignocellulosic feedstocks. It summarizes the status of different technologies being developed to produce ethanol, butanol, and diesel equivalents from biomass sources. The sustainability and environmental benefits of these biofuels are also examined, including significant potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels. Barriers to commercialization are noted but large-scale production is expected within the next decade.
This document provides an overview of natural gas liquids (NGLs) markets in the United States. It defines various NGL products like ethane, propane, butanes and natural gasoline. It discusses NGL supply sources from natural gas processing plants and oil refineries. It also covers NGL demand segments, transportation costs, and pricing factors like physical location. Overall it aims to explain the basics of NGL markets including characteristics, fundamentals and how individual NGL products are extracted and valued from natural gas.
(1) Petrobras introduced biodiesel production in Brazil in 2005 and has since expanded production through multiple phases, with a goal of producing 855 thousand cubic meters per year by 2011. (2) Petrobras is implementing biodiesel and ethanol production facilities across Brazil using various feedstocks like soybean, castor bean, and jatropha. (3) Petrobras is also researching technologies like HBIO to produce renewable diesel from vegetable oils as well as cellulosic ethanol production. (4) Petrobras recognizes that biofuels will play a major role in transportation fuels and is making investments to develop competitive production costs and export markets for Brazilian ethanol.
Presentation of Marcos S. Buckeridge for the “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Apresentação de Alfred Szwarc realizada no “Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle”
Date / Data : May 14 - 15th 2009/
14 e 15 de maio de 2009
Place / Local: ABTLuS, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop3
The document summarizes a presentation by Yomayra Martinó on energy, the environment, and sustainable development. The presentation discusses the relationship between energy and the environment, regulations in the energy sector, and considerations regarding energy and environmental policies. It also provides an overview of the Dominican Republic's energy sector, including fuel sources, electricity generation methods, and key players. The presentation promotes balancing economic development, energy needs, and environmental protection for long term sustainability.
Brian Jennings from the American Coalition for Ethanol discussed ethanol production and sustainability. He outlined how public policy and market forces have driven ethanol demand. While ethanol has made progress in replacing gasoline, further increasing blends like E15 and E85 are challenges. Ethanol has a positive energy balance and reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline. Improved farming techniques have increased corn yields while reducing environmental impacts like erosion. Ethanol can help reduce dependence on foreign oil and mitigate climate change.
This document provides a summary of the natural gas sector in India. It discusses technologies for transporting natural gas over long distances, trends in natural gas consumption, and India's current energy mix and goals to increase the role of natural gas. The document also examines the demand and supply gap for natural gas in India, outlines the current pricing mechanism, and identifies issues on both the demand and supply sides of the natural gas market. Finally, it provides an overview of the major players in India's natural gas market and their respective market shares.
The document discusses a new modular gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology developed by Renfors-NT to process unused natural gas resources. The technology uses compact modular complexes (BMC) that can be produced for $30 million each with a 3-4 year return on investment. This is significantly less expensive than traditional large-scale GTL plants. BMC GTL systems could be deployed across oil fields and floating platforms to process gas into synthetic crude oil, diesel, and other products directly at the source. This would make previously uneconomical gas resources available for transport and markets while creating local energy supplies and jobs. Renfors-NT seeks partners to commercialize and manufacture the BMC GTL technology globally.
This document provides an overview of natural gas liquids (NGLs) including their physical properties, major uses, sources of production, infrastructure and markets. It discusses:
- NGLs such as ethane, propane, butanes and natural gasoline which possess characteristics of both oil and gas.
- Their various industrial uses including petrochemicals, heating, power generation and agriculture.
- U.S. NGL production is forecast to continue increasing significantly through 2025 driven by natural gas production.
- Major NGL pipelines and infrastructure including fractionation facilities and storage hubs like Mont Belvieu that connect production to markets.
- Growing exports of NGLs like propane
The document compares various alternative fuels to gasoline across multiple properties. It provides information on the chemical structure, fuel material/feedstocks, energy content and gasoline gallon equivalents of fuels like biodiesel, propane, compressed natural gas, ethanol and hydrogen. The document also discusses factors like maintenance issues, energy security impacts and references for further information on various fuel properties.
General Biodiesel Seattle (GBS) is a leading waste-to-energy biofuel company with two operating segments: a used cooking oil recycling business serving restaurants and a biodiesel production business. GBS has experienced significant growth in both businesses in 2009 and 2010. GBS's recycled cooking oil biodiesel has a carbon reduction of 80-86% compared to diesel and is one of the lowest carbon fuels available. GBS's vertically integrated business model and use of low-cost recycled feedstock provides a sustainable cost advantage over other biodiesel producers.
Presentation of Manoel Regis Leal for the "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle"
Apresentação de Manoel Regis Leal realizada no "2nd Workshop on the Impact of New Technologies on the Sustainability of the Sugarcane/Bioethanol Production Cycle "
Date / Data : Novr 11th - 12th 2009/
11 e 12 de novembro de 2009
Place / Local: CTBE, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop5
This document discusses alternative fuels for aviation and reducing its carbon emissions. It outlines Solena Group's process for producing biojet fuel from municipal solid waste using plasma gasification and Fischer-Tropsch technology. This produces a jet fuel compatible with existing infrastructure and engines while displacing over 2 million tonnes per year of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions from landfill gas, electricity production, and crude oil usage. Major airlines have expressed interest in purchasing this sustainable biojet fuel to help meet their emission reduction targets. The document calls for establishing a standardized life cycle assessment methodology to properly quantify the greenhouse gas savings from waste-to-fuel projects.
Rio oil and gas expo conference diretor de abastecimento, paulo roberto costaPetrobras
The document discusses Petrobras' strategic plans to integrate its petrochemical and refining operations through 2022. It outlines investments in new refineries, expansion of existing refineries, and several major petrochemical projects. The largest of these is the COMPERJ petrochemical complex, which will produce a variety of petrochemicals and fuels using heavy crude from Brazil as a feedstock. The integration is aimed at capturing synergies between refining and petrochemical operations to add value and lower costs.
18 09-2008 Paulo Roberto Costa na Rio Oil and Gas Expo Conference no Rio de J...Petrobras
The document discusses Petrobras' strategic plans to integrate its petrochemical and refining operations through 2022. It outlines investments in new refineries, expansion of existing refineries, and several major petrochemical projects. The largest of these is the COMPERJ petrochemical complex, which will produce a variety of petrochemicals and derivatives using heavy crude from Brazil as a feedstock. The integration is aimed at capturing synergies between refining and petrochemical operations to add value and hedge against volatility in each business segment.
Rio oil and gas expo conference diretor de abastecimento, paulo roberto costaPetrobras
The document discusses Petrobras' strategic plan through 2020, including investments in refining and petrochemical industries to better integrate those sectors. It outlines Petrobras' current refining infrastructure and capacity in Brazil and details several new refining projects planned through 2020 to increase capacity. It also provides an overview of Brazil's petrochemical industry value chain and Petrobras' role in that sector through its ownership stakes in major petrochemical companies.
This document summarizes a presentation on research into producing ethanol from loblolly pine forest residuals via thermochemical conversion. The research aims to determine if the process can meet the 60% greenhouse gas reduction requirement in the Energy Independence and Security Act. The life cycle assessment examines the process from feedstock production and transportation through conversion, distribution and use. Key findings include ethanol production resulting in a 86.95% reduction in greenhouse gases compared to gasoline, mainly due to carbon sequestration in the sustainably managed forests.
Laurus Energy aims to build one of the largest energy companies in North America by unlocking a vast indigenous coal resource using new underground coal gasification technology. This technology can produce synthetic natural gas and other products at a fraction of current oil and gas prices from coal that cannot otherwise be accessed. Laurus has leased over 2 billion metric tons of coal in Alberta and plans to commence a calibration burn within 6 months to demonstrate the technology and establish off-take agreements. The goal is to solve energy problems, build a large reserves base, and create the next great North American energy company.
This document summarizes the FP 7 ALL-GAS project, which aims to demonstrate the industrial-scale cultivation of algae for biofuel production. Key points include:
- The project involves cultivating algae in raceway ponds and using anaerobic digestion to produce biogas from the algae biomass. The biogas is upgraded to biomethane.
- Pilot and prototype facilities of various sizes were constructed to test the system. A demonstration facility with 4 raceway ponds totaling 6 hectares was also built.
- Initial results found the system can treat 1000 cubic meters of wastewater per day, produce over 100 tons of biomass annually, and generate 13,000
Strategic Plan 2040 || Business and Management Plan 2019-2023Petrobras
The presentation contains forward-looking statements about future events that are not based on historical facts and are not assurances of future results. Such statements merely reflect the Company’s current views and estimates of future economic circumstances, industry conditions, company performance and financial results. Readers are cautioned that these statements are only projections and may differ materially from actual future results or events. The document also contains certain financial measures that are not recognized under Brazilian GAAP or IFRS and may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures provided by other companies.
Plano Estratégico 2040 || Plano de Negócios e Gestão 2019-2023Petrobras
Este documento descreve a jornada da companhia até o momento, suas ambições para o futuro e os planos para alcançá-las. A companhia busca reduzir custos, dívida e riscos, enquanto aumenta a produção, rentabilidade e investimentos em novas áreas, como renováveis. Seus principais objetivos incluem reduzir acidentes, dívida e aumentar retorno sobre capital empregado.
Petrobras provides an overview and highlights of its operations in the first half of 2018. Key points include a net income of $17 billion, an 18% increase in operating income, and starting production from the first system in the Transfer of Rights area of the Buzios field. Petrobras also anticipates increasing production through 2022 by starting up 19 new production units and expanding its exploratory portfolio by 31% since 2017. The company aims to reduce debt levels through divestments and maintain its 2018-2022 capex at $74.5 billion, focusing investments on pre-salt areas and projects with higher profitability.
Apresentação Investor Day, São Paulo, 2018Petrobras
O documento apresenta as informações da reunião anual com investidores da Petrobras em 2018. Nele, o presidente da Petrobras discute os principais destaques da companhia no ano, incluindo a redução da dívida líquida, aumento do fluxo de caixa livre e entrega consistente das metas de produção. Além disso, o documento aborda a melhoria da governança corporativa e da gestão de riscos da Petrobras.
- Petrobras held its annual investor day in 2018 to discuss the company's performance and future plans
- The CEO highlighted improvements in safety, debt reduction, cash generation, governance, and exploration successes in recent years
- Executives provided details on ongoing debt management initiatives, production increases, cost savings, and new deepwater project startups
- The company aims to further strengthen its financial position while preparing for a low-carbon future through technology investments and portfolio optimization
O documento fornece informações sobre as atividades e desempenho da Petrobras em 2017, incluindo sua transição para uma economia de baixo carbono, transformação digital, desempenho operacional e financeiro, segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores, e contribuições para a sociedade e meio ambiente. A mensagem do presidente destaca os compromissos da empresa com a sustentabilidade, como investimentos em novas tecnologias de baixo carbono e redução de emissões.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS:
DISCLAIMER
The presentation may contain forward-looking statements about future events within the meaning of Section 27 A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21 E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are not based on historical facts and are not assurances of future results. Such forward-looking statements merely reflect the Company’s current views and estimates of future economic
circumstances, industry conditions, company performance and
financial results. Such terms as "anticipate", "believe", "expect",
"forecast", "intend", "plan", "project", "seek", "should", along with similar or analogous expressions, are used to identify such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these statements are only projections and may differ materially from
actual future results or events. Readers are referred to the documents filed by the Company with the SEC, specifically the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F, which identify important risk factors that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements,
including, among other things, risks relating to general economic
and business conditions, including crude oil and other commodity prices, refining margins and prevailing exchange rates, uncertainties inherent in making estimates of our oil and
gas reserves including recently discovered oil and gas reserves,
international and Brazilian political, economic and social developments, receipt of governmental approvals and licenses and our ability to obtain financing.
Este documento descreve:
1) As previsões contidas na apresentação envolvem riscos e incertezas e não são garantias de resultados futuros.
2) A companhia não se obriga a atualizar previsões com novas informações.
3) Alguns indicadores financeiros não são reconhecidos pelo BR GAAP ou IFRS e não devem ser usados isoladamente.
Apresentação de Pedro Parente no Investor Day Nova YorkPetrobras
Petrobras CEO Pedro Parente presented at an event in New York on October 2, 2017. The presentation included disclaimers about forward-looking statements and non-SEC compliant reserves data. It discussed Petrobras' strengths in deepwater production, integrated operations across Brazil's energy industry, and ongoing work to improve governance, reduce costs and leverage through partnerships and divestments. The Business Plan aims to lower leverage, reduce injury rates, focus capital expenditures, and lower production costs.
Apresentação de Pedro Parente no Investor Day LondresPetrobras
1. The document contains a disclaimer stating that any forward-looking statements are based on estimates and are subject to risks and uncertainties.
2. It then outlines an agenda for a Petrobras Day presentation, including discussing Petrobras at a glance, the oil and gas industry, Brazil's regulatory framework, Petrobras' strengths, recent results, and future planning.
3. The document provides several cautions about non-SEC compliant data and financial measures included in the presentation.
Apresentação de Pedro Parente no Investor Day São PauloPetrobras
1) O documento apresenta avisos sobre previsões e estimativas contidas no material.
2) É informado que termos como "descobertas" não podem ser usados nos relatórios arquivados da companhia segundo as diretrizes da SEC.
3) Há um aviso para investidores norte-americanos sobre indicadores financeiros não reconhecidos pelo BR GAAP ou IFRS.
Este documento apresenta o plano estratégico e de negócios da Petrobras para 2017-2021. O plano visa reduzir custos operacionais em 18% e a dívida líquida da empresa através de parcerias e desinvestimentos. O plano também prevê aumentar a produção de petróleo e gás natural por meio de novos projetos de exploração e produção, principalmente no pré-sal.
Petrobras presents its Strategic Plan for 2017-2021 which focuses on oil and gas production. Key goals include reducing total recordable injury rate by 36% and reducing leverage (net debt to EBITDA ratio) to 1.4 by 2018. The plan prioritizes cost reductions through operational efficiencies, partnerships and divestments. Planned investments total $74.1 billion, with 81% directed towards exploration and production. The plan expects to increase oil and gas production to 3.34 million boe/day by 2021 through development of pre-salt and post-salt assets. Financial measures aim to fund investments without taking on additional net debt over the period.
Strategic Plan and 2017-2021 Business & Management PlanPetrobras
This document outlines Petrobras' strategic plan for 2017-2021. It discusses where the company is currently, with high debt levels and operating costs, and where it wants to be - an integrated energy company focused on oil and gas. The plan details how Petrobras will get there through initiatives like cost reductions, partnerships and divestments, and lower capital expenditures. It establishes metrics to measure success in areas like safety, financial leverage, and production levels. The strategies discussed include optimizing the exploration and production portfolio, increasing efficiency in deepwater production, and strengthening refining and natural gas operations.
Plano Estratégico e Plano de Negócios e Gestão 2017-2021Petrobras
Este documento apresenta o Plano Estratégico e de Negócios da empresa para o período de 2017-2021, com o objetivo de guiar a empresa rumo à sua visão de longo prazo. O plano descreve onde a empresa está atualmente, enfrentando desafios como endividamento e preços baixos de petróleo, e onde deseja chegar, com métricas focadas em segurança e redução da alavancagem. O plano também explica como a empresa pretende alcançar seus objetivos por meio de iniciativas de redução de custos, par
O Conselho de Administração da Petrobras aprovou o Plano de Negócios e Gestão 2015-2019, com objetivos de desalavancagem da companhia e geração de valor para acionistas. O plano prevê reduzir a alavancagem líquida para menos de 40% até 2018 e 35% até 2020, com desinvestimentos de US$ 15,1 bilhões em 2015-2016 e US$ 42,6 bilhões em 2017-2018. A produção total esperada é de 3,7 milhões de barris de óleo equivalente por dia em 2020, com o pré
1) A Petrobras divulgou seus resultados do primeiro trimestre de 2016, apresentando prejuízo líquido de R$ 1,2 bilhão.
2) Os resultados foram impactados negativamente pela queda nos preços do petróleo e câmbio desfavorável.
3) A produção total de petróleo e gás natural da Petrobras no Brasil e no exterior caiu 1% em relação ao trimestre anterior.
The document summarizes Petrobras' 1st quarter 2016 results. Net income decreased 123% to a loss of R$1.2 billion due to lower oil prices, weaker demand, and higher financial expenses. Oil and gas production declined 6% to 2.6 million boed. Lifting costs fell 21% in Brazil and 37% abroad. Refining costs decreased slightly. Downstream sales volumes declined 5-8% while refining utilization remained stable. Cash flow from operations fell 2% to US$6 billion. Investments declined 13% to R$15.6 billion.
1. What is driving growth
in transport fuels?
Alternative Energy Conference
Biofuels
Sillas Oliva Filho
Alcohol and Oxygenate Trading Manager
2. Petrobras in Numbers
proven reserves:
16 Refineries with a capacity of 2,125
14.9 billions of boe (SEC)
millions bpd
oil and gas production:*
2,217 million boe/day Vessels: 50 owned and 75 tcp
Oil rings in operation: 97 Refine,
Transportation, Pipelines: 30.343 km
E&P Trading
Gross Revenue
6,154 gas
US$ 72 billions stations in Brazil
(33% of retail
market)
Petrochemicals Retailing
ethylene
production: 2,4 727 gas stations in
millions ton/year Argentina
Gas & Energy
25% of retail market in
Bolívia and 14% in
Argentina
gas sales: 45,000 m3/day Thermoelectric: 9 – 3.2 GW
*Brazil and abroad
3. Strategic Planning for Biofuels
Petrobras Mission
Operate in a safe and profitable manner in the oil, gas and energy industry
in Brazil and abroad, with social and environmental responsibility,
providing products and services that meet client's needs.
Business Strategy
Diversify the business portfolio (emphasizing petrochemicals, logistics
and commercial operations of new energy products), anchored in the
synergy of downstream assets and capabilities;
Develop, coordinate and implement activities related to energy efficiency
and renewable energy at Petrobras companies and to final consumers.
Selective entry into renewable energy projects.
Corporate Target for Carbon Credits
Carbon credits generated in renewable energy projects 1,200 million CO2
by 2010.
4. Business Strategy
Renewable Energy
Investments will go towards the following priority
sources energy:
Biomass energy
Photo voltaic
Bio-diesel production
Main targets for 2010 EMBRAER – E100
Availability or 169 MW
Produce 8,200 bpd of biodiesel
5. Brazilian Experience
Fuel Ethanol Program Evolution
Ethanol Program of
Program Gasohol and Emission Renewable
Implanted Ethanol Cars Controls Gasohol and
Hydrogen
(BLENDS) (2nd oil shock) (PROCONVE) Flex fuel Cars
Program for oil imports
reduction Environmental Benefits
70’s 80´S 90´S 00´S Future
6. Why did ethanol become a fuel in Brazil?
First car operating
100% ethanol
Fiat 147 – 1979
Brazil was an oil importer;
Looking for fuel diversification;
An alternative and internal solution;
7. Brazilian Energetic Matrix - 2004
Renewable Sources 43.9%
Wood Sugarcane 13.5% Other renewable
13.2% sources 2.7%
Hydroelectricity
14.4%
Uranium 1.5% Petroleum and
derivatives 39.1%
Coal 6.7%
Natural gas 8.9%
100% = 213.4 millions [toe] Source: Brazilian Energy Balance (2005)
8. INTEGRATED SUGAR & ETHANOL PRODUCTION
INTEGRATED SUGAR & ETHANOL PRODUCTION
Process Heat & Sugar
Cogeneration Production
Bagasse Primary
Juice
Transport, Juice
Sugarcane
Cleaning & Crushing Treatment
Secondary +
Filter Juice
Hydrous Distillation Fermentation
Ethanol
Anhydrous Molasses
Ethanol Dehydration
Source: UNICA
9. Ethanol: Learning Curve
More than 400 types of Sugar-Cane
Trend
(Anhydrous Ethanol Prices)
Trend (Rotterdam Gasoline Prices)
Prof. Goldemberg, Coelho, Nastari and Lucon - USP
10. Why FFV in Brazil?
FFV changed fuel market:
Consumer want to decide the fuel at the gas station
Fuel price is one the most important factor
Consumer is aware of pollution and renewable fuels
Today cars manufacturer is producing 80% of FFV in Brazil
13. jan/04
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
FFV
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
Gasoline
jan/05
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
Diesel Oil
jul
Light Vehicles Sales
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
Ethanol
jan/06
feb
mar
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
14. A New Opportunity for Business
Ethanol global market – 46.5 Billions Liters
North and Central Europe
America
9.8%
37%
Brazil
35%
South America Asia
38% 16.2%
How much the production can be increased to attend
the demand with social responsibility?
15. Main Production Areas in Brazil
North East Region - 11% Production
1% 1%
2%
2%
5%
5%
4%
5%
3% 2%
61% 1%
Mid South Region - 89% Production
8%
Source: Brazilian Government
16. Potential Land for Sugar Cane
Withouth Irrigation
High
Medium
Low
Unusable
CTC - UNICAMP
17. Land use in Brazil
Area
Type (Mha)
• Total country 851
• Native Amazon Forest 370
• Secondary Amazon Forest and Others 180
• Native Forests 6
• Pasture 197
• Temporary Cultures 59
• Permanent Cultures 7,6
• Available land 263
• Available land with low impact (*) 90
Source: FAO, 2002 and EMBRAPA (*)
18. Ethanol Logistic to Export
New Ethanol Pipeline
(800 km)
New Water Way
for Ethanol Ethanol Export
8.0 Million m3 in 2012
Marine Terminal
Rio de Janeiro
Marine Terminal
São Paulo
19. Sustainable Energy
CO2 CO2
Capture Emission
Ethanol Ethanol
Production Use
Guarantee of
Guarantee of
social
social Ethanol Ethanol
responsibility
responsibility
20. Facts about Ethanol Market in 2005
Ethanol global market is 46.5 Billions Liters
Ethanol as a Fuel is 30.6 Billions Liters
Ethanol as a Fuel is 67% of total ethanol production
Today the ethanol consumption is 2.6% of gasoline MKT
10% of ethanol in gasoline will represent 118 Billions Lt
1 Ton Sugar Cane ~
= 1.2 boe
SUGAR
153 KG 608 x 103 KCAL
BAGASSE
(50% UMIDADE)
276 KG
598 x 103 KCAL
LEAVES (*)
(15% HUMIDY) 512 x 103 KCAL
165 KG
1 Ton-Field 1 boe
1718 x 103 KCAL 1718 x 103 KCAL 1,386 x 103 KCAL
21. Ethanol as a Fuel around the World
Why Ethanol Market is now an alternative?
Reduction of the oil dependence
Energy diversification
Agribusiness development
MTBE and lead replacement
Kyoto Protocol
Carbon Credit Opportunities
22. Ethanol as a Fuel - New Market
Guarantee of Supply
• Reliable and stable supply
Contracts:
• Development of price mechanism
• Infrastructure development
International Ethanol Prices:
• On line information
International Future Market
(international commodity)
23. Conclusion
Petrobras, as an integrated energy
Petrobras, as an integrated energy
company, can have an important role in the
company, can have an important role in the
development of this market and contribute
development of this market and contribute
to develop friendly and environmental
to develop friendly and environmental
solutions.
solutions.
24. Sillas Oliva Filho
sillas@petrobras.com.br
Ethanol and Oxygenate Manager