1. Biorefinery of municipal and industrial wastes: a new paradigm in waste management leading to biofuels and secondary resources Héctor M. Poggi-Varaldo CINVESTAV-IPN, Dept. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Environmental Biotechnology R&D Group, Mexico DF, Mexico hectorpoggi2001@gmail.com GBPANAT

4. Notation BES 2-bromoethanesulfonate A-SSAD acidogenic solid substrate anaerobic digestion HSP or tt heat shock preatreatment IV-SSAH intermittently vented and flushed, solid substrate anaerobic hydrogen generation M-SSAD methanogenic solid substrate anaerobic digestion P H , P m maximum amount of accumulated H 2 (or CH 4 ) (mmole/reactor) R i,H , R i,m initial rate of H 2 (or CH 4 ) accumulation (  mole/(reactor.h))

5. Introduction GBPANAT

6. World oil production Duncan and Youngquist, 1998 Panic button

7. World Primary Energy Demand Priddle, 2002

20. To Merits To IV-SSAH OFMSW To metabolites A-SSAD

26. Intermittently-vented SSAH from paper mill waste GBPANAT

28. 1.- Poggi-Varaldo et al. , 1997 a, 1999; 2.- Valdez-Vázquez, 2003; 3.- Sparling and Daniels, 1987 Waste office paper with 25% w/w dry matter content (80 g) glass juice bottles Anaerobic glove box… BES (25 mM) or Acetylene ( 1% v/v) 3 250ml 250ml 250ml Mesophilic, continuous M-SSAD Reactors 1, 2 These were autoclaved and stored until used 20 g of inoculum flushed with N 2 . Incubation at 37°C. paper paper paper H 2 Organic acids and solvents

29. 1.- Poggi-Varaldo et al. , 1997 a, 1999; 2.- Valdez-Vázquez, 2003; 3.- Sparling and Daniels, 1987 Waste office paper with 25% w/w dry matter content (80 g) Recycled glass juice bottles In the anaerobic glove box BES (25 mM) or Acetylene ( 1% v/v) 3 Mesophilic, continuous M-SSAD Reactors 1,2 These were autoclaved and stored until used. 20 g of inoculum Venting and flushing with N 2 . Incubation at 37°C. Organic acids H 2 Glass juice bottles with waste office paper Hydrogen production

33. Parameter

41. Intermittently-vented SSAH from organic waste GBPANAT

43. 1.- Poggi-Varaldo et al. , 1997 a, 1999; 2.- Valdez-Vázquez, 2003; 3.- Sparling and Daniels, 1987 Organic fraction of MSW with 25% w/w dry matter content (80 g) glass juice bottles Anaerobic glove box… Heat-shock pretreatment or Acetylene ( 1% v/v) 3 250ml 250ml 250ml Meso- and thermophilic continuous M-SSAD Reactors 1, 2 These were autoclaved and stored until used 20 g of inoculum flushed with N 2 . Incubation at 37°C or 55 o C. H 2 Organic acids Solvents

45. Kinetics of H 2 production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste fermentation by anaerobic consortia: First cycle of incubation (a) heat-shock pretreated mini-reactors; (b) mini-reactors treated with acetylene; M mesophilic; T thermophilic.

46. Main effect of inhibition treatment on performance of first cycle of incubation tt: heat-shock pretreatment; Ac: acetylene; VOA volatile organic acids (sum of acetate, butyrate and propionate); solvents sum of acetone and ethanol

47. Main effect of incubation temperature on performance of first cycle of incubation M: mesophilic incubation; T: thermophilic incubation; VOA volatile organic acids (sum of acetate, butyrate and propionate); solvents sum of acetone and ethanol

48. Semi-continuous acidogenic SSAD GBPANAT

50. 1.- Poggi-Varaldo et al. , 1997 a, 1999; 2.- Valdez-Vázquez, 2003; 3.- Sparling and Daniels, 1987 Organic fraction of MSW with 35% w/w dry matter content Mesophilic, continuous A-SSAD Reactors 1, 2 Biogas H 2 Spent solids: Organic acids and solvents Thermophilic continuous A-SSAD Reactors 1, 2 Biogas H 2 Spent solids: Organic acids and solvents

51. Reactors setup for semi-continuous hydrogen production

52. Typical performances of acidogenic, semi-continuous reactors fed with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste Black symbols: biogas productivity; hollow symbols: H 2 yield; squares: Thermophilic reactor 1; circles: Mesophilic reactor 1. The methane contents in both reactors were less than 0.5%. Thermophilic A-SSAD Mesophilic A-SSAD

53. Evolution of pH in acidogenic semi-continuous reactors fed with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste Black symbols: Thermophilic reactor 1; hollow symbols: Mesophilic reactor 1 Thermophilic A-SSAD Mesophilic A-SSAD

54. Average distribution of volatile organic acids and solvents in the spent solids of the acidogenic, solid substrate reactors fed with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste HAc HAc HBu HBu To Table

55. Comparison of biological hydrogen production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste by anaerobic cultures

63. Organic solid waste H 2 IV-SSAH or A-SSAD Spent solids Extracts Photo-heterotrophic fermentation Microbial fuel cells Electricity Downstream processing Acids Solvents M-SSAD CH 4 Animal feed Fertil- izer Adapted from Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. (2006) CH 4

66. First International Congress of Biotechnology and Bioengineering 1ICBB Mexico City, Mexico, CINVESTAV Novembre 5-7, 2008 [email_address]

67. 3rd International Meeting on Environmental Biotechnology and Engineering 3IMEBE Palma de Mallorca, Baleares Islands, Spain September 2008

68. Subjects: Microbial Ecology Molecular Biology Applications Soil Remediation Environmental Risk Assesm. Groundwater remediation Sustainable Development Phytoremediation Wastewater Treatment Solid and Hazardous Wastes Process Modelling and Control Environmental Chemistry Atmospheric pollution Information : [email_address] [email_address] www.cinvestav.mx/2IMEBE

71. hectorpoggi2001@gmail.com