GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 7) Nucleic acid and nucleotide
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Nucleic acids
This document provides information on the structure and composition of nucleic acids. It discusses that nucleic acids are biopolymers composed of nucleotide subunits containing a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The 5' carbon of the sugar is attached to the phosphate group via a phosphodiester bond. The nitrogenous bases are either purines (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, or uracil). RNA contains ribose and the base uracil, while DNA contains deoxyribose and the base thymine. Nucleic acids can be single stranded or double stranded polymers known as polynucleotides.
Structure of dna
DNA is composed of two polynucleotide chains that are twisted around each other in a double helix structure. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. The bases are either pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine) or purines (adenine, guanine) that bond to the sugar. Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs, giving the DNA structure stability. Additionally, the stacking of the base pairs on top of each other provides chemical stability to the double helix. The DNA double helix exists in multiple conformations.
NUCLEOTIDES.pptx
This document discusses nucleic acids and their structure. It begins by introducing the central dogma of molecular biology and the three main classes of biopolymers - DNA, RNA, and proteins. It then explains that DNA and RNA are nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and phosphate groups. The primary structure of nucleic acids is the specific sequence of these nucleotides. DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine.
Chap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentation
Nucleic acids
Get their name because they were first found in the nucleus of cells, but they have since been discovered also to exist outside the nucleus (cytoplasm).
Are the molecules within a cell that are responsible for ability to produce exact replicas of themselves. It is called ‘molecules of heredity’.
Are the principle genetic materials of all living organisms.
It contains C, H, O, N (10%) and P (15%).
Are condensation polymers of nucleotides.
Are the polynucleotides having high molecular weight.
It is a polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides.
Nucleotides: Phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides.
Nucleotides = nucleoside + phosphate
Nucleotides are carbon ring structures containing nitrogen linked to a 5-carbon sugar.
5-carbon sugar is either a ribose or a deoxy-ribose making the nucleotide either a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide.
Nucleosides are compounds in which nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines) are conjugated to the pentose sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) by a β-glycosidic linkage.
Ribose (RNA) is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule.
Deoxyribose (DNA) is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom.
In both types of nucleotides the pentoses exist in their ß-furanose (closed five-membered ring) forms.
Both molecules may be represented by the symbol:
Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only 4 different nucleotides.
Diversity is dependent on the nucleotide sequence.
All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:
Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only 4 different nucleotides.
Diversity is dependent on the nucleotide sequence.
All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:
A nucleoside consists of a nitrogen base linked by a glycosidic bond to C1’ of a ribose or deoxyribose.
Nucleosides are named by changing the nitrogen base ending to -osine for purines and –idine for pyrimidines
A nucleotide is a nucleoside that forms a phosphate ester with the C5’ OH group of ribose or deoxyribose
Nucleotides are named using the name of the nucleoside followed by 5’-monophosphate
Structure of DNA
The document discusses a student's seminar topic on the structure of DNA. It thanks college administrators and teachers for guidance. The summary outlines DNA's key components - phosphoric acid, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases. DNA exists as a double helix with two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on the chains hold the structure together.
nucleic acid stucture and Dna
1) Nucleic acids are biopolymers made of nucleotides that contain three components - a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. 2) DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil instead of thymine. 3) Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides, and DNA typically takes the form of a double helix due to base pairing between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.
structure of DNA
The document summarizes the structure of DNA. It discusses that DNA is composed of phosphoric acid, deoxyribose sugar, and four nitrogenous bases. These components form nucleotides that bond together via phosphodiester bonds to create two polynucleotide strands that coil around each other to form the signature double helix structure of DNA. The structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information in organisms.
Recommended
Nucleic acids
This document provides information on the structure and composition of nucleic acids. It discusses that nucleic acids are biopolymers composed of nucleotide subunits containing a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The 5' carbon of the sugar is attached to the phosphate group via a phosphodiester bond. The nitrogenous bases are either purines (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, or uracil). RNA contains ribose and the base uracil, while DNA contains deoxyribose and the base thymine. Nucleic acids can be single stranded or double stranded polymers known as polynucleotides.
Structure of dna
DNA is composed of two polynucleotide chains that are twisted around each other in a double helix structure. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. The bases are either pyrimidines (thymine, cytosine) or purines (adenine, guanine) that bond to the sugar. Hydrogen bonds form between complementary base pairs, giving the DNA structure stability. Additionally, the stacking of the base pairs on top of each other provides chemical stability to the double helix. The DNA double helix exists in multiple conformations.
NUCLEOTIDES.pptx
This document discusses nucleic acids and their structure. It begins by introducing the central dogma of molecular biology and the three main classes of biopolymers - DNA, RNA, and proteins. It then explains that DNA and RNA are nucleic acids composed of nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and phosphate groups. The primary structure of nucleic acids is the specific sequence of these nucleotides. DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine.
Chap-7 Nucleic acid Power point presentation
Nucleic acids
Get their name because they were first found in the nucleus of cells, but they have since been discovered also to exist outside the nucleus (cytoplasm).
Are the molecules within a cell that are responsible for ability to produce exact replicas of themselves. It is called ‘molecules of heredity’.
Are the principle genetic materials of all living organisms.
It contains C, H, O, N (10%) and P (15%).
Are condensation polymers of nucleotides.
Are the polynucleotides having high molecular weight.
It is a polymer in which the monomer units are nucleotides.
Nucleotides: Phosphoric acid esters of nucleosides.
Nucleotides = nucleoside + phosphate
Nucleotides are carbon ring structures containing nitrogen linked to a 5-carbon sugar.
5-carbon sugar is either a ribose or a deoxy-ribose making the nucleotide either a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide.
Nucleosides are compounds in which nitrogenous bases (purines and pyrimidines) are conjugated to the pentose sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) by a β-glycosidic linkage.
Ribose (RNA) is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule.
Deoxyribose (DNA) is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom.
In both types of nucleotides the pentoses exist in their ß-furanose (closed five-membered ring) forms.
Both molecules may be represented by the symbol:
Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only 4 different nucleotides.
Diversity is dependent on the nucleotide sequence.
All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:
Despite the complexity and diversity of life the structure of DNA is dependent on only 4 different nucleotides.
Diversity is dependent on the nucleotide sequence.
All nucleotides are 2 ring structures composed of:
A nucleoside consists of a nitrogen base linked by a glycosidic bond to C1’ of a ribose or deoxyribose.
Nucleosides are named by changing the nitrogen base ending to -osine for purines and –idine for pyrimidines
A nucleotide is a nucleoside that forms a phosphate ester with the C5’ OH group of ribose or deoxyribose
Nucleotides are named using the name of the nucleoside followed by 5’-monophosphate
Structure of DNA
The document discusses a student's seminar topic on the structure of DNA. It thanks college administrators and teachers for guidance. The summary outlines DNA's key components - phosphoric acid, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases. DNA exists as a double helix with two polynucleotide chains coiled around each other. Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on the chains hold the structure together.
nucleic acid stucture and Dna
1) Nucleic acids are biopolymers made of nucleotides that contain three components - a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group. 2) DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil instead of thymine. 3) Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides, and DNA typically takes the form of a double helix due to base pairing between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine.
structure of DNA
The document summarizes the structure of DNA. It discusses that DNA is composed of phosphoric acid, deoxyribose sugar, and four nitrogenous bases. These components form nucleotides that bond together via phosphodiester bonds to create two polynucleotide strands that coil around each other to form the signature double helix structure of DNA. The structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information in organisms.
Dna first class
DNA is made up of nucleotides linked together by covalent bonds to form a single or double strand. Each nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine), a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. The bases on one strand form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on another strand to form the famous double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photos and the work of Watson and Crick revealed that DNA has a double helix structure with the bases paired inside and the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside.
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This document provides information on nucleic acid chemistry. It discusses the structure of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a triphosphate group. Nucleotides bond together via phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides. DNA specifically is made of two polynucleotide strands coiled around each other in a double helix formation, with the bases on each strand bonded to each other via hydrogen bonds. This double helix structure allows DNA to store and replicate genetic information.
Forms of DNA
Forms of DNA, its functions, Structural comparison between DNA and RNA,Sugar puckers,Chargaff's rule.Purines,Pyrimidines,Propeller twist
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This ppt is made from the bio-inorganic point of view for those who are having difficulty in finding the correct type and quality of information. This ppt has all the important points which one needs to know about this topic.
Structure of dna
DNA is composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogen bases, sugars, and phosphates. The order of these nucleotides determines the genetic code. DNA exists as a double helix structure with two complementary strands joined by hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases on each strand. This double helix structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information.
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nucleotides discovery, functions,
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nitrogenous bases- purines and pyrimidines
nucleosides, riobonucleosides , deoyxribonucleosides
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The document provides information about carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and energy and living systems. It defines monomers, polymers, and important biomolecules like ATP. It describes key processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration that living things use to obtain and use energy. Gene technology techniques like DNA fingerprinting and cloning are also summarized.
Organic Chemistry
The document discusses the four main types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their basic structures, subunits, examples, and functions. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are used for fuel, structure, and receptors. Lipids are diverse hydrophobic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen used for energy storage and insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and are the molecular tools of the cell, serving structural, enzymatic, and other functions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain genetic information and are made of nucleotides consisting of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphates.
Steroids
Steroids comprise a group of organic compounds containing four fused rings, including three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. Cholesterol is a lipid found in animal cell membranes that is essential for membrane structure and fluidity. It has a four-ring structure with an eight-carbon side chain and a hydroxyl group. Woodward synthesized cholesterol through a multi-step process involving reactions such as Diels-Alder, Claisen condensation, and reductions to carefully construct the four-ring structure and install functional groups in the correct positions and orientations.
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DNA and RNA molecules are linear polymers built from individual units called nucleotides connected by bonds called phosphodiester linkages. DNA and RNA are used to store and pass genetic information from one generation to the next.
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Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major source of energy. They are classified based on their structure as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Important disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be identified using chemical tests such as Molisch, Fehling's, Benedict's, Barfoed, and iodine tests. These tests identify carbohydrates based on properties such as being reducing or non-reducing sugars.
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This document provides an overview of molecular biology and DNA structure. It defines molecular biology as the study of the structure, function and manipulation of nucleic acids and proteins. It then describes the key components of DNA, including the nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine), deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate groups. It explains that DNA exists as a double helix with the two polynucleotide chains associated through hydrogen bonding between complementary bases (A pairs with T, C pairs with G). The document also summarizes DNA replication as a semiconservative process where each new double helix contains one original and one new strand.
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1. The document provides an overview of the chemistry of carbohydrates, including their classification, nomenclature, important types, and pharmaceutical importance.
2. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of sugar units. Important carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and glycosides.
3. Carbohydrates have various roles in the body and pharmaceutical applications. They are a source of energy, components of other biomolecules, and are used as excipients in drug formulations.
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Carbon forms the backbone of most biological molecules due to its ability to form diverse covalent bonds. It can link to other carbon atoms in chains or rings with varying lengths and branches. Functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate give organic molecules distinctive reactivity and properties. These groups, along with isomerism, underlie the vast molecular diversity essential for life.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth and are produced through photosynthesis. They exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include common sugars like glucose and fructose and exist as both open-chain and cyclic forms. Cyclic forms can be furanoses or pyranoses with alpha or beta anomers. Monosaccharides undergo various reactions including oxidation, reduction, and reactions with reagents like Benedict's solution or Tollens' reagent. They form the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.
DNA & Its Topology
1. DNA is a macromolecule that carries genetic information in the form of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds in a double helix structure.
2. The nucleotides consist of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine through hydrogen bonds.
3. Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has a double helix structure with the bases pointing inward and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. The two anti-parallel strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs.
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Dna first class
DNA is made up of nucleotides linked together by covalent bonds to form a single or double strand. Each nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine or thymine), a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. The bases on one strand form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on another strand to form the famous double helix structure. Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallography photos and the work of Watson and Crick revealed that DNA has a double helix structure with the bases paired inside and the sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside.
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This presentation discuss the stability, synthesis and reaction sof seven membered heterocycles - Oxepines and thiepines
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Carbohydrates are one of the four major classes of biomolecules and are made up of aldehyde or ketone groups linked to multiple hydroxyl groups. They serve important roles as energy stores and components of nucleic acids and cell walls. Carbohydrates are made from monosaccharides like glucose and fructose. These can link together via glycosidic bonds to form disaccharides like sucrose and maltose or polysaccharides like glycogen, starch, and cellulose. Polysaccharides provide structural support and energy storage. Cellulose in particular forms straight chains important for plant structural integrity.
1.1 Nucleic Acid Chemistry.pdf
This document provides information on nucleic acid chemistry. It discusses the structure of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen base, a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a triphosphate group. Nucleotides bond together via phosphodiester bonds to form polynucleotides. DNA specifically is made of two polynucleotide strands coiled around each other in a double helix formation, with the bases on each strand bonded to each other via hydrogen bonds. This double helix structure allows DNA to store and replicate genetic information.
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Forms of DNA, its functions, Structural comparison between DNA and RNA,Sugar puckers,Chargaff's rule.Purines,Pyrimidines,Propeller twist
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biological oxygen carriers-hemoglobin structure .heme group.myoglobin .,hemocyanin ,hemerythrene .hill equation and graph .bohr effect
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This ppt is made from the bio-inorganic point of view for those who are having difficulty in finding the correct type and quality of information. This ppt has all the important points which one needs to know about this topic.
Structure of dna
DNA is composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogen bases, sugars, and phosphates. The order of these nucleotides determines the genetic code. DNA exists as a double helix structure with two complementary strands joined by hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases on each strand. This double helix structure allows DNA to efficiently store and replicate genetic information.
Chemistry of nucleotides.pdf
nucleotides discovery, functions,
composition of nucleotides
nitrogenous bases- purines and pyrimidines
nucleosides, riobonucleosides , deoyxribonucleosides
Chapter 20
The document provides information about carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and energy and living systems. It defines monomers, polymers, and important biomolecules like ATP. It describes key processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration that living things use to obtain and use energy. Gene technology techniques like DNA fingerprinting and cloning are also summarized.
Organic Chemistry
The document discusses the four main types of macromolecules - carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It describes their basic structures, subunits, examples, and functions. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are used for fuel, structure, and receptors. Lipids are diverse hydrophobic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen used for energy storage and insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and are the molecular tools of the cell, serving structural, enzymatic, and other functions. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain genetic information and are made of nucleotides consisting of nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphates.
Steroids
Steroids comprise a group of organic compounds containing four fused rings, including three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. Cholesterol is a lipid found in animal cell membranes that is essential for membrane structure and fluidity. It has a four-ring structure with an eight-carbon side chain and a hydroxyl group. Woodward synthesized cholesterol through a multi-step process involving reactions such as Diels-Alder, Claisen condensation, and reductions to carefully construct the four-ring structure and install functional groups in the correct positions and orientations.
Carbohydrate-2020.pdf
Over view and detail information on carbohydrate. The ppt contains introduction, classification of carbohydrate, structure and biological functions of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides in detail. Properties of monosaccharide, Biologically important sugars, reducing and non reducing disaccharides, oligosaccharides, invert sugar, homo and heteropolysaccharides- starch, glycogen, dextran, inulin, chitin as homopolysaccharides, example for heteropolysaccharides-peptidoglycan, glycosaminoglycan-hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate. Proteoglycan, agar, alginic acid, pectin. Glycoproteins, Blood group substances, sialic acid, lectin.
Nucleic Acids and DNA
DNA and RNA molecules are linear polymers built from individual units called nucleotides connected by bonds called phosphodiester linkages. DNA and RNA are used to store and pass genetic information from one generation to the next.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major source of energy. They are classified based on their structure as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Common monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Important disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be identified using chemical tests such as Molisch, Fehling's, Benedict's, Barfoed, and iodine tests. These tests identify carbohydrates based on properties such as being reducing or non-reducing sugars.
1st lecture - (DNA)
This document provides an overview of molecular biology and DNA structure. It defines molecular biology as the study of the structure, function and manipulation of nucleic acids and proteins. It then describes the key components of DNA, including the nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine), deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate groups. It explains that DNA exists as a double helix with the two polynucleotide chains associated through hydrogen bonding between complementary bases (A pairs with T, C pairs with G). The document also summarizes DNA replication as a semiconservative process where each new double helix contains one original and one new strand.
Chemistry of carbohydrates
1. The document provides an overview of the chemistry of carbohydrates, including their classification, nomenclature, important types, and pharmaceutical importance.
2. Carbohydrates are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on the number of sugar units. Important carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and glycosides.
3. Carbohydrates have various roles in the body and pharmaceutical applications. They are a source of energy, components of other biomolecules, and are used as excipients in drug formulations.
Chemistry 2
Carbon forms the backbone of most biological molecules due to its ability to form diverse covalent bonds. It can link to other carbon atoms in chains or rings with varying lengths and branches. Functional groups including hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, sulfhydryl, and phosphate give organic molecules distinctive reactivity and properties. These groups, along with isomerism, underlie the vast molecular diversity essential for life.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth and are produced through photosynthesis. They exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include common sugars like glucose and fructose and exist as both open-chain and cyclic forms. Cyclic forms can be furanoses or pyranoses with alpha or beta anomers. Monosaccharides undergo various reactions including oxidation, reduction, and reactions with reagents like Benedict's solution or Tollens' reagent. They form the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.
DNA & Its Topology
1. DNA is a macromolecule that carries genetic information in the form of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds in a double helix structure.
2. The nucleotides consist of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine through hydrogen bonds.
3. Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has a double helix structure with the bases pointing inward and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside. The two anti-parallel strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs.
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Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
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Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
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BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
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GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 7) Nucleic acid and nucleotide
- 1. Biochemistry Lecture GBSN (Unit 7) Nucleic acid and nucleotide by, Miss Areesha Ahmad Lecturer
- 9. The structure of Ribose and Deoxyribose is almost identical, with just one difference. Ribose sugar has a hydroxyl (OH) group at position 2, whereas deoxyribose sugar has a hydrogen (H) atom at position 2. Due to this, deoxyribose sugar is more stable than ribose sugar.
- 14. A heterocyclic compound or ring structure is a cyclic compound that has atoms of at least two different elements as members of its ring
- 17. Nucleosides are biomolecules that are made up of a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base Example: Adenosine, guanosine. A β-glycosidic bond forms a nucleoside by linking the carbon 1' of a five-carbon sugar to the nitrogen 9 of a purine or nitrogen 1 of a pyrimidine.
- 18. DNA Structure
- 19. In DNA, adenine (A) always binds to thymine (T) using two hydrogen bonds. While guanine binds to cytosine using three hydrogen bonds
- 35. Adenine (A) always binds to thymine (T) using two hydrogen bonds while guanine binds to cytosine using three hydrogen bonds
- 36. Assignment