Metabolism of human lens.
In the lens the biological energy necessary for the maintenance of the transparency ,synthesis, and ,repair .
In the lens the biological energy necessary for the maintenance of the transparency ,synthesis, and ,repair.
Glucose from the aqueous and vitreous diffuses into the lens and is rapidly metabolized.
CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF ATP REQUIRED FOR:
Active transport of ions and aminoacids
Maintenance of lens dehydration
Lens transparency
Continuous protein synthesis
GSH synthesis
MAJOR SITE: epithelium
Glucose is rapidly metabolized through four main pathways:
-Anaerobic glycolysis
-Krebs cycle(oxidative)
-Hexose monophosphate shunt
-Sorbitol pathway
Red cell and platelet storage lesions and their effect in transfusion practiseArjuna Samaranayaka
Bio mechanical and metabolic changes that occur in red cell concentrates and platelets during ex-vivo storage, their effect in transfusion practise and strategies to minimize them.
Metabolism of human lens.
In the lens the biological energy necessary for the maintenance of the transparency ,synthesis, and ,repair .
In the lens the biological energy necessary for the maintenance of the transparency ,synthesis, and ,repair.
Glucose from the aqueous and vitreous diffuses into the lens and is rapidly metabolized.
CONTINUOUS SUPPLY OF ATP REQUIRED FOR:
Active transport of ions and aminoacids
Maintenance of lens dehydration
Lens transparency
Continuous protein synthesis
GSH synthesis
MAJOR SITE: epithelium
Glucose is rapidly metabolized through four main pathways:
-Anaerobic glycolysis
-Krebs cycle(oxidative)
-Hexose monophosphate shunt
-Sorbitol pathway
Red cell and platelet storage lesions and their effect in transfusion practiseArjuna Samaranayaka
Bio mechanical and metabolic changes that occur in red cell concentrates and platelets during ex-vivo storage, their effect in transfusion practise and strategies to minimize them.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
3. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Molecular Biology
Crystallins: Intracellular (within the plasma membrane of the
lens epithelium and fiber cells)
Water insoluble fraction associated with fiber plasma
membranes
Brown cataract (Brunescent) – Amount of insoluble proteins correlate with
degree of opacification (90% of nuclear proteins insoluble)
5. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Anaerobic Glycolysis:
More active
Provides most of the high energy phosphate bonds for
lens metabolism
6. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism
HMP Shunt / Pentose phosphate pathway:
Less active pathway of G6P utilization in the lens
5% of lens glucose metabolized by this route
This pathway stimulated in the presence of high levels of
glucose
7. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism (Cont’d)
Sorbital pathway
Aldose reductase has a key role in the development of
sugar cataract
Normally < 4 % of lens glucose converted to sorbital
When glucose increased in the lens, sorbital pathway
activated relatively more than glycolysis and sorbital
accumulates
8. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism (Cont’d)
Sorbital pathway (Cont’d)
Sorbital – s. dehydrogenese fructose:
(This enzyme has low afinity, hence sorbital
accumulates + poor permeability of the lens to
sorbital)
9. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism (Cont’d)
Sorbital pathway (Cont’d)
Sorbital + Fructose:
Increased Osmotic pressure within the lens, drawing
in water
Energy dependent pumps of the lens are
overwhlemed
Result: Lens fibers swelling disruption of the
normal cytoskeletal architecture lens
10. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Carbohydrate Metabolism (Cont’d)
Galactose
Galactose is also substrate for aldose reductase
producing galactital (Dulcitol)
Galactose is not substrate for alcohol dehydrogenese
and thus rapidly accumulates
11. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Oxidative Damage and Protective
Mechanisms
Free radicles generated as a result of:
Normal metabolic activities
External agents (Radiant energy)
12. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Oxidative Damage and Protective
Mechanisms
These highly free radicles damage the lens fibers
Oxygen tension in the lens decreases,
So free radicles may not involve molecular
oxygen
Instead the free radicles may react directly with
molecules
13. Lens & Cataract
(Biochemistry)
Oxidative Damage and Protective
Mechanisms
Protective lens enzymes against free radicles /
oxygen damage:
Glutathione peroxidase
Catalase
Superoxide Dimutase
Vit. E & C present in the lens also protect against
damage (free radicle scavengers)