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Bio-based solvents
This document discusses bio-based solvents and efforts to standardize and certify them. It provides information on current and projected market shares of bio-based solvents compared to petroleum-based solvents. Standards are being developed for determining the bio-based carbon content and performing life cycle assessments of bio-based solvents. Several certification schemes also exist to verify the bio-based content of products. Examples of bio-based solvents are given along with their properties.
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Bio-based solvents
- 1. Bio-Based Solvents Standardisation Certification Integration www.greenchemistry.net James Sherwood james.sherwood@york.ac.uk
- 2. 2025 2010 2005 Plastic 265 million metric tonnes per year www.greenchemistry.net European Commission mandated objectives: Promote bio-based product market Do so using existing infrastructure Proportion of bio-based products in each market sector Lubricant Solvent Surfactants Bio-based solvent market share = 1.5% Current capacity = 12.5% 20 MMT http://www.achema.de/de/presse/ http://www.aaechemie.com/html/aae_solvent_information.html http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/policy/lead-market-initiative/biobased-products/#h2-1
- 3. Performance Bio-based content Provide data but no threshold At least 25% bio-based carbon values: • Polarity • Volatility • Colour HSE Sustainability www.greenchemistry.net Bio-based Solvents FprCEN/TS 16766 • Density • Viscosity No harsher than REACH and GHS/CLP No extra barriers for bio-based solvents LCA according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 (soon to also be a European standard)
- 4. Solvent Polarity DensityB.P /°C Viscosity /cP Ethanol Protic (high) 0.79 78 1.1 Butanol Protic (high) 0.81 118 2.5 Glycerol Protic (high) 1.25 290 954 2-MeTHF Medium 0.85 79 0.5 FAME Medium ~0.9 >250 ~4 Dimethyl isosorbide Medium 1.15 >200 ~5 Solketal Protic (high) 1.07 191 11 Limonene Low 0.84 176 0.9 www.greenchemistry.net
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- 7. www.greenchemistry.net Minimum bio-basedcarbon: ≥20% Total organic carbon: ≥30% Bio-based carbon content determination Total bio-based content calculated indirectly Elemental analysis used to verify composition Minimum bio-based carbon: ≥20% Total organic carbon: ≥50% • ACDV bio-based content analysis certification scheme: www.chimieduvegetal.com/pageLibre000110dd.asp • DIN CERTCO certification of bio-based products: www.dincertco.de/en/dincertco/produkte_leistungen/ zertifizierung_produkte/umwelt_1/biobasierte_produkte/biobasierte_produkte_mehr_nachhaltigkeit.html • Vinçotte ‘OK Biobased’ certification scheme: www.okcompost.be/en/recognising-ok-environment-logos/ok-biobased
- 8. Biocatalytic esterification: Lipophilicsolvents enhance enzymatic catalysis > > > G. Paggiola, A. J. Hunt, C. R. McElroy, J. Sherwood and J. H. Clark, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 2107. www.greenchemistry.net
- 9. Biginelli reaction: Tautomerisationof the dicarbonyl enhances the reaction J. H. Clark D. J. Macquarrie and J. Sherwood, Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19, 5174. www.greenchemistry.net
- 10. Ionic liquids AlcoholsPolyols www.greenchemistry.net Acids Aprotic solvents Amines Dipolar aprotics Hydrocarbon Chlorinated Nitro Ethers Ester Ketones Nitriles Protic solvents Cyrene James Sherwood james.sherwood@york.ac.uk
- 11. γ-Valerolactone Acetone www.greenchemistry.net Aprotic solvents: Protic solvents Cyrene Circa Limonene p-Cymene 1-Butanol Methyl laurate 2-MeTHF Eucalyptol Pennakem Ethylal Lambiotte & Cie Ethyl acetate Davy/Sasol Ethanol 2-Propanol 2-Octanol Arkema Ethylene glycol Propylene glycol Novance/Oleon Butyric acid Acetic acid Glycerol Glycerol formal Glaconchemie Lactic acid Ethyl lactate Galactic Solketal Solvay Dimethyl isosorbide Roquette