Biobased Chemicals, Industrial Sugar and the development of BiorefineriesNNFCC
This presentation, developed as part of the Interreg NWE Bio Base NWE project, was presented at the UK Institute of Food Research Annual Food and Health Symposium. It provides an overview of developments in the biobased chemicals market and how the UK in developing an ecosystem for the development of Industrial Biotechnology including the potential for knowledge exchange in North West Europe.
In the 21st century, world’s fossil fuel energy sources are diminishing due to abundant utilization of the fossil fuels in the transportation sector & power generation sector& these fossil fuels cause severe environmental pollution. That’s why every country tries to explore renewable energy sources which are more energy efficient & environmental friendly.
In the declining world of petroleum reserves and environmental issues, production of bio-diesel from natural resources is an important alternative to the natural oil to meet energy crisis. Bio-diesel production from jatropha is less expensive method yet useful and environmental friendly. Jatropha is a bush that grows in regions around the equator. It is having a significant characteristic of blooming and fruiting without using enough moisture in tropical regions. The plantation cost per hectare inclusive of site preparation, plant, material, maintenance for one year, overheads etc. shall be in the tune of rupees 30,000 to 35,000 per hector. From 1Kg seeds of jatropha a little over 300ml. of biodiesel can be produced.
The presentation covers,
- Motivation
- Solution of the Problem
- Bio-diesel from Jatropha
- Feasibility
- Production Trends
- Demand
- Process Selection
- Benefits and Application
Biobased Chemicals, Industrial Sugar and the development of BiorefineriesNNFCC
This presentation, developed as part of the Interreg NWE Bio Base NWE project, was presented at the UK Institute of Food Research Annual Food and Health Symposium. It provides an overview of developments in the biobased chemicals market and how the UK in developing an ecosystem for the development of Industrial Biotechnology including the potential for knowledge exchange in North West Europe.
In the 21st century, world’s fossil fuel energy sources are diminishing due to abundant utilization of the fossil fuels in the transportation sector & power generation sector& these fossil fuels cause severe environmental pollution. That’s why every country tries to explore renewable energy sources which are more energy efficient & environmental friendly.
In the declining world of petroleum reserves and environmental issues, production of bio-diesel from natural resources is an important alternative to the natural oil to meet energy crisis. Bio-diesel production from jatropha is less expensive method yet useful and environmental friendly. Jatropha is a bush that grows in regions around the equator. It is having a significant characteristic of blooming and fruiting without using enough moisture in tropical regions. The plantation cost per hectare inclusive of site preparation, plant, material, maintenance for one year, overheads etc. shall be in the tune of rupees 30,000 to 35,000 per hector. From 1Kg seeds of jatropha a little over 300ml. of biodiesel can be produced.
The presentation covers,
- Motivation
- Solution of the Problem
- Bio-diesel from Jatropha
- Feasibility
- Production Trends
- Demand
- Process Selection
- Benefits and Application
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Biopolymers have shown promising options for sustainable packaging applications. This article presents an overview of challenges and opportunities in biopolymers for paperboard extrusion coating and converting processes. Material properties, extrusion coating process and equipment requirements, regulatory compliance, and downstream converting are reviewed. The latest developments and emerging trends in biopolymer technology and innovation are discussed.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation (Synthesis, Epoxy Resi...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Epoxy is a term used to denote both the basic components and the cured end products of epoxy resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group. Epoxy resin are a class of thermoset materials used extensively in structural and specialty composite applications because they offer a unique combination of properties that are unattainable with other thermoset resins.
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Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website :
http://www.niir.org
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Chemistry of Epoxy Resins, Common Uses of Industrial Epoxy, Electrical and Electronic Applications: Sealants and Foams, Epoxides and Epoxy Resins, Epoxy Adhesive Formulations, Epoxy formulation for industrial coating, Epoxy Resin Adhesives, Epoxy resin chemistry, Epoxy Resin Coatings, Epoxy resin manufacturing, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resin plant, Epoxy resin production plant, Epoxy resin properties and uses, Epoxy resin structure, Epoxy resins – Chemical formula, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production and investment cost, Epoxy resins and compositions, Epoxy resins Based Profitable Projects, Epoxy resins Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Epoxy Resins Formulation, Epoxy resins Making Small Business Manufacturing, Epoxy resins manufacturing Industry in India, Epoxy resins Producing Projects, Epoxy resins production, Epoxy resins Production Business, Epoxy Resins Technology book, Formula of epoxy resin, Formulation of epoxy resin, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make epoxy resin, How to start a successful Epoxy resins business, How to Start Epoxy resins Production Business, How to Start Epoxy resins production Industry in India, How to Start Epoxy resins Production plant?, Making Epoxy Resins, Manufacture of Epoxy Resins, Manufacturing process of Epoxy resins, Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Epoxy resins Producing Business Ideas, Multiple uses of epoxy resins, New small scale ideas in Epoxy resins industry, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Process for manufacturing liquid epoxy resins, Process for the manufacture of epoxy resins, Process technology book on Epoxy resins, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Epoxy resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Epoxy resins Business, Setting up of Epoxy resins Production Unit
Bioplastic Carry Bags and Garbage Bags Production. Biodegradable, Compostable and Eco-Friendly Carry Bags and Trash Bags Manufacturing Business
Polyethylene is one of the most common forms of plastics used in protective packaging materials. As biodegradable bags are introduced onto the market, polyethylene can soon be completely replaced. Biodegradable bags are typically made out of cornstarch and other natural materials.
The use of biodegradable plastic could come in easily for the use of carrying goods rather than as a primary package. A wider use of such bio degradable materials will make them commercially viable.
Compostable plastic bags dominate the market for biodegradable plastics in Europe. They not only carry goods and biowaste but also the hopes of the bioplastics industry for huge markets in years to come.
See more
https://goo.gl/YCz7Bu
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Carrier Bags, Biodegradable Bags, Production of Bioplastic Bag, Bio plastic Carrying Bag, Production Process of a Bioplastic Carrying Bag, Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Bioplastic Bags, Biodegradable Carry Bags, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacturing Process, Bioplastic Bags, Bioplastic Bags Production, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing Unit, Manufacturing Process of Biodegradable Plastic Bag, Bio plastics and Biodegradable Plastics, Bio-Plastic Production, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Business, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacturing Process Pdf, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Project Report, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacture in India, How to Make Biodegradable Plastic Bags, Bioplastic Bags Manufacture, Biodegradable Plastic Production, Project Report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Project Report on Bio plastic Bags Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Bags Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Feasibility report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Bags Production, Project profile on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Download free project profile on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Production of biodegradable plastic, Production of Biodegradable and Compostable Bags, Eco Friendly Bag Making Business, 100% Organic, Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Bags, Compostable and Biodegradable Bags Manufacturing, Eco-Friendly Sustainable Trash Bags
Will green chemistry solve the problem of pollution?Anita GoswamiGiri
In 1998, Paul Anastas and John C. Warner published a set of principles to guide the practice of green chemistry and focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances which solve the problem of environmental pollution .
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Biopolymers have shown promising options for sustainable packaging applications. This article presents an overview of challenges and opportunities in biopolymers for paperboard extrusion coating and converting processes. Material properties, extrusion coating process and equipment requirements, regulatory compliance, and downstream converting are reviewed. The latest developments and emerging trends in biopolymer technology and innovation are discussed.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation (Synthesis, Epoxy Resi...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Epoxy is a term used to denote both the basic components and the cured end products of epoxy resins, as well as a colloquial name for the epoxide functional group. Epoxy resin are a class of thermoset materials used extensively in structural and specialty composite applications because they offer a unique combination of properties that are unattainable with other thermoset resins.
See more
https://goo.gl/2fk4X5
https://goo.gl/egjxep
https://goo.gl/pbI29H
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website :
http://www.niir.org
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co
Tags
Best small and cottage scale industries, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Chemistry and Technology of Epoxy Resins, Chemistry of Epoxy Resins, Common Uses of Industrial Epoxy, Electrical and Electronic Applications: Sealants and Foams, Epoxides and Epoxy Resins, Epoxy Adhesive Formulations, Epoxy formulation for industrial coating, Epoxy Resin Adhesives, Epoxy resin chemistry, Epoxy Resin Coatings, Epoxy resin manufacturing, Epoxy resin manufacturing plant, Epoxy resin plant, Epoxy resin production plant, Epoxy resin properties and uses, Epoxy resin structure, Epoxy resins – Chemical formula, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production, Epoxy Resins – Chemical production and investment cost, Epoxy resins and compositions, Epoxy resins Based Profitable Projects, Epoxy resins Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Epoxy Resins Formulation, Epoxy resins Making Small Business Manufacturing, Epoxy resins manufacturing Industry in India, Epoxy resins Producing Projects, Epoxy resins production, Epoxy resins Production Business, Epoxy Resins Technology book, Formula of epoxy resin, Formulation of epoxy resin, Great Opportunity for Startup, How to make epoxy resin, How to start a successful Epoxy resins business, How to Start Epoxy resins Production Business, How to Start Epoxy resins production Industry in India, How to Start Epoxy resins Production plant?, Making Epoxy Resins, Manufacture of Epoxy Resins, Manufacturing process of Epoxy resins, Manufacturing Process of Epoxy Resins with Formulation, Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Epoxy resins Producing Business Ideas, Multiple uses of epoxy resins, New small scale ideas in Epoxy resins industry, Polyester resin manufacturing process, Process for manufacturing liquid epoxy resins, Process for the manufacture of epoxy resins, Process technology book on Epoxy resins, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Epoxy resins Manufacturing, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Setting up and opening your Epoxy resins Business, Setting up of Epoxy resins Production Unit
Bioplastic Carry Bags and Garbage Bags Production. Biodegradable, Compostable and Eco-Friendly Carry Bags and Trash Bags Manufacturing Business
Polyethylene is one of the most common forms of plastics used in protective packaging materials. As biodegradable bags are introduced onto the market, polyethylene can soon be completely replaced. Biodegradable bags are typically made out of cornstarch and other natural materials.
The use of biodegradable plastic could come in easily for the use of carrying goods rather than as a primary package. A wider use of such bio degradable materials will make them commercially viable.
Compostable plastic bags dominate the market for biodegradable plastics in Europe. They not only carry goods and biowaste but also the hopes of the bioplastics industry for huge markets in years to come.
See more
https://goo.gl/YCz7Bu
https://goo.gl/EaPVp1
https://goo.gl/QJQWFT
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Bioplastic Products, Bioplastic Carrier Bags, Biodegradable Bags, Production of Bioplastic Bag, Bio plastic Carrying Bag, Production Process of a Bioplastic Carrying Bag, Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Bioplastic Bags, Biodegradable Carry Bags, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacturing Process, Bioplastic Bags, Bioplastic Bags Production, Biodegradable Plastic Manufacturing Process, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing Unit, Manufacturing Process of Biodegradable Plastic Bag, Bio plastics and Biodegradable Plastics, Bio-Plastic Production, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Making Business, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacturing Process Pdf, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Project Report, Biodegradable Plastic Bags Manufacture in India, How to Make Biodegradable Plastic Bags, Bioplastic Bags Manufacture, Biodegradable Plastic Production, Project Report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing Industry, Detailed Project Report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Project Report on Bio plastic Bags Production, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Bioplastic Bags Production, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Feasibility report on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Free Project Profile on Bioplastic Bags Production, Project profile on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Download free project profile on Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing, Production of biodegradable plastic, Production of Biodegradable and Compostable Bags, Eco Friendly Bag Making Business, 100% Organic, Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Bags, Compostable and Biodegradable Bags Manufacturing, Eco-Friendly Sustainable Trash Bags
Will green chemistry solve the problem of pollution?Anita GoswamiGiri
In 1998, Paul Anastas and John C. Warner published a set of principles to guide the practice of green chemistry and focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances which solve the problem of environmental pollution .
Ppt about green chemistry , sustainable chemistry , sustainable development , reactions in sustainable development, organic synthesis via green chemistry and sustainable development.
The design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. Green Chemistry moves our consideration of how to deal with environmental, health and safety problems from the circumstantial to the intrinsic.
Bio based products 1/2: Feedstocks and formulation, certification workshop [p...James Sherwood
This workshop uses the example of a bio-based shampoo to demonstrate the use of biomass feedstocks, the bio-refinery concept, certification, and bio-based product standards. This is the presenter version and is up to date as of November 2014.
For annotated handouts featuring detailed descriptions of the slides please visit http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2/bio-based-products-22-feedstocks-and-formulation-certification-workshop-annotated-handouts
The purpose of this presentation is to give the audience in the workshop an opportunity to learn about the various aspects of biomass use in the chemical industry. The chosen scenario is the production of a shampoo formulation. The participants are given a variety of numbered options concerning biomass selection and the types of certification that can be used. By the end of the workshop the participants will have filled in a 4-digit code with 48 possible solutions. The implications of each decision during the workshop can then be discussed. The last 48 slides are not part of the presentation but describe each possible result of the workshop options, which can be reached using the links on slide 51. A detailed description of how the results are obtained is provided to the audience in their handouts.
Helping to solve the problems of the depletion of many elements and the growing volumes of hazardous waste together by building closed loop design into chemicals and materials.
By James Clark, Green Chemistry Group, University of York
Promoviendo una educación multicultural e interdisciplinar: Químicos Británic...Cátedra Banco Santander
Contribución en la XI Jornada de Buenas Prácticas en la docencia universitaria con apoyo de TIC celebrada en formato online el 25 de noviembre de 2020 y organizada por la Cátedra Banco Santander de la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Polarity maps of bio-based solvents using Kamlet Abboud Taft solvatochromic parameters. Produced by the Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the University of York UK.
Circular economy policies mainly target waste management, but these is much that scientific research and innovation can offer. Product design, including appropriate use of feedstocks and combinations of materials massively helps reduce waste and maintain the value of materials.
Standards and regulations for a bio-based economy and a circular economy in E...James Sherwood
Chemical regulation and standards will help create more sustainable habits in manufacturing and product use. Case studies regarding solvents are used to illustrate the impact of Europe's bio-based economy (governed by standards) and circular economy (governed by EC directives).
Sustainable Solvent Selection Service (for bio-based solvents)James Sherwood
Solvent mapping, solvent design, synthesis, application and assessment. The Sustainable Solvent Selection Service (S4) is provided by the Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the University of York.
The characteristics of the bio-based solvent limonene (and its derivative p-cymene) are discussed in the context of green chemistry and sustainability.
Understanding the renewability of bio based products (james sherwood)James Sherwood
The definition of "renewable" usually applies to resources not the products made from them. However product design, function, and regional waste management practices (or lack of them) can mean products made from biomass are not renewable. This presentation demonstrates the application of renewability criteria to bio-based products, exemplified by solvents. This talk was delivered to the 'Building Sustainable Solvent Solutions for Industry' event at the University of York on 30th April 2015.
Bio based products 2/2: Feedstocks and formulation, certification workshop [a...James Sherwood
This workshop uses the example of a bio-based shampoo to demonstrate the use of biomass feedstocks, the bio-refinery concept, certification, and bio-based product standards.This version has been made for participants of the workshop, and is up to date as of November 2014.
For the presenter version please visit http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2/bio-based-products-workshop-james-sherwood-nov-2014-presenter-version
The purpose of this workshop is to provide an opportunity to learn about the various aspects of biomass use in the chemical industry. The chosen scenario is the production of a shampoo formulation. The participants are given a variety of numbered options concerning biomass selection and the types of certification that can be used. By the end of the workshop the participants will have filled in a 4-digit code with 48 possible solutions. The implications of each decision during the workshop can then be discussed.
Provided to the participants in this handout are simplified versions of the presentation slides, along with detailed notes. At the end of the handout file is a breakdown of the different answers and some notes regarding the calculation of the various answers. Remember there is no correct answer - just have fun!
Concentrate! Green and orange don't always clashJames Sherwood
A presentation suitable for A-level students and science teachers about the application of green chemistry, illustrated using the example of citrus waste as an opportunity to make renewable fuels, chemicals, and materials.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
3. www.greenchemistry.net
Adhesives
Solvent is the major
ingredient (the ‘wet’ bit if
you were wondering)
Solvent is needed in
manufacturing &
processing
Solvent used
for washing
Market: 20 Million
Tonnes /year
ESIG data, 1997
4. www.greenchemistry.net
• Solvent use in adhesives has declined since the 1980’s.
• 6% of solvent use in 1990’s Europe attributed to the adhesives sector.
• Solvent-based adhesives made up 14% of European production in 1995
(25% in Asia).
• Many industries which use solvent-based adhesives have moved to regions
with less restrictions. For example:
• Shoe making in Brazil, China, and India (e.g. polyurethane adhesives);
• rubber bonding;
• PVC pipe bonding;
• contact polychloroprene adhesives.
• Typical solvents for the adhesives sector are hydrocarbon (both aliphatic
and aromatic) and ketone solvents (acetone and MEK).
Handbook of Solvents, Ed. Wypych, 1st edition (2001), page 848; Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants (Basic Concepts in High Tech Bonding,
vol. 1), Ed. Cognard, 2005, page 93.
10. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 1. Problem: Solvent substitution necessary
Safer, renewable hydrocarbon solvents from food waste
p-CymeneLimonene
11. www.greenchemistry.net
>
>
Case study 1. Problem: Solvent substitution necessary
Safer, renewable hydrocarbon solvents
G. Paggiola, A. J. Hunt, C. R. McElroy, J. Sherwood and J. H. Clark, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 2107.
12. www.greenchemistry.netJ. H. Clark D. J. Macquarrie and J. Sherwood, Chem. Eur. J., 2013, 19, 5174.
Ln[product selectivity]
Solvent induced
tautomerisation
Case study 1. Problem: Solvent substitution necessary
Safer, renewable hydrocarbon solvents
13. www.greenchemistry.net
Solvent Safety Health Environment Conclusion
Limonene 4 2 7 Problematic
n-Hexane 8 7 7 Hazardous
p-Cymene 4 5 5 Problematic
Toluene 5 6 3 Problematic
D. Prat et al., Green Chem., 2016, 18, 288.
CHEM21 selection guide of classical- and less classical-solvents
14. www.greenchemistry.net
Renewable Citrus Products Association LCA* (cradle-to-gate)
http://www.renewablecitrus.org/sites/renewablecitrus.org/files/LCA%201-6-13.pdf
Global warming potential (left):
Less good in ‘habitat alteration’
and ‘eutrophication’ indicators
due to direct land use change
and fertiliser/agrochemicals
Tapwater
Limonene
Orangeoil
Naphtha
Kerosene
Xylenes
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Acetone
DCM
Perc
(steam distillation)
(vacuum distillation)
15. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 2. Opportunity: New alternative solvents
A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
Image credit:
Andrew Hunt
16. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 2. Opportunity: New alternative solvents
A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
Polarity plot
credit: Laurianne Moity
17. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 2. Opportunity: New alternative solvents
A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
Three dimensional structure
Combination of functionality
18. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 2. Opportunity: New alternative solvents
A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
Can replace dipolar aprotic
solvents
19. www.greenchemistry.net
Case study 2. Opportunity: New alternative solvents
A bio-based alternative for dipolar aprotic solvents
Applications in materials science
20. www.greenchemistry.net
Open-bio is developing test methods and
recommendations for European standards describing
bio-based content, biodegradation, recycling strategies,
as well as labelling and procurement tools, and
• Our goal is to assist the growth of
the European bio-based product
market.
• Started in November 2014 as a 3
year EC-funded FP7 project.
Bio-based product standardisation
22. www.greenchemistry.net
Performance Bio-based content
HSE Sustainability
Bio-based solvents
CEN/TS 16766
At least 25% bio-based carbon
• Class A: ≥95%
• Class B: ≥50%
• Class C: ≥25%
Provide data but no threshold
values:
• Polarity
• Volatility
• Colour
• Density
• Viscosity
No harsher than REACH and
GHS/CLP
No extra barriers for bio-based
solvents
Sustainable biomass must be
used, and optionally the
production phase assessed
Bio-based product standardisation
23. www.greenchemistry.net
How to unify these ‘green’ EU economic
strategies?
Circular economy (general legislated targets)
ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm
Reduce food
waste and
marine litter
Increase recycling
and re-use of
municipal waste to
65%
Maximum
landfilling rate
of 10%
Bio-based economy (standardised product descriptions)
www.biobasedeconomy.eu
Biomas
s
Product
s
Some end-of-life
requirements for
certain products
Bio-based product standardisation
25. www.greenchemistry.net
Recirculated:
Returned to use within a certain timeframe by an
anthropogenic process and/or a natural process.
Open-Bio D3.4 Definitions for renewable
elements and renewable molecules
Renewable:
Comes from
renewable
resources and is
returned to use
within a certain
timeframe by a
natural process.
Returned to
use within a
certain
timeframe by
an
anthropogenic
process.
Recyclable:Reusable:
Returned to use
within a certain
timeframe without
modification to the
parent article or
loss of
performance.
Report available online at http://www.biobasedeconomy.eu/research/open-
bio/publications
26. www.greenchemistry.net
Bio-based Recirculated Sustainable
Complex with
many relevant
criteria
Hugely
challenging to
implement
Describes
biomass
utilisation
Environmental
impact is not
considered
Incorporates full
life cycle
coverage
Easily validated
and understood
Increasing
complexity
How does ‘recirculation’ fit within bio-based
product standardisation?
27. www.greenchemistry.net
Fossil reserves
Not recirculated
Bio-based carbon
Fossil carbon
C
C
Sustainability criteria (EN 16751)
Bio-based content
(CEN/TS 16640)
Biomass sustainability
(e.g. PEFC ST 1003) &
waste feedstocks
(e.g. ISCC PLUS 260-05)
End-of-life options:
•Mechanical recycling
•Chemical recycling
•Biodegradation
Vertical
standards
(e.g. CEN/TS
16766)
and
ecolabels
C
C
renew loop
recycle loop
reuse loop
(1) The InfoCard is a dissemination tool introduced by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) to make the technical information published from the substance databases of the Agency more accessible to the general public.
(2) Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals REACH aims to improve the protection of human health and the environment through the better and earlier identification of the intrinsic properties of chemical substances. This is done by the four processes of REACH, namely the registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemicals. REACH also aims to enhance innovation and competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry.
(3) TCE will be subject to authorisation as of next week (carcinogen).
The first step in the authorisation process is to identify those substances that may have serious effects on human health or the environment and, therefore, the risks resulting from their use must be properly controlled and the substances progressively replaced when possible.
A Member State or ECHA at the request of the European Commission, can propose a substance to be identified as a Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC). If identified, the substance is added to the Candidate List, which includes candidate substances for possible inclusion in the Authorisation List (Annex XIV).
Focus on hydrocarbons and dipolar aprotics – the answer is not different versions of these compounds, but different substances that completely avoid the old issues.
p-Cymene made from limonene – more stable but still not very stable. We have evaluated the use of limonene in some detail – the context is very important.
Lipophilicity determines performance but also environmental damage – therefore answer is management of solvent and capture after use.
p-Cymene is able to replace toluene (sometimes), but better still by understanding the role of the solvent new alternatives can be found that are much better than traditional options. p-Cymene is unlike ethanol so such a successful substitution cannot be made just by ‘like-for-like’ observations.
Cyrene – designed specifically to provide optimum performance from a bio-based platform molecule – unlike typical dipolar aprotics.
Applications: typical reactions of dipolar aprotics (some stability issues), real potential is high tech sectors, formulations to replace ‘difficult’ solvents.
Bio-based solvents is the only vertical standard produced by TC 411. Will become a full standard later this year.
Circular economy is cradle-to-cradle. Incineration and biodegradation is only valuable in a circular economy if the products are 100% bio-based – the material is recirculated. Do not assume bio-based = green or = compatible with a circular economy. Product design is important.
Definitions and test methods to help design for end-of-life and appreciate circular economy needs have been produced by the Open-Bio consortium.