This presentation gives introduction about Respiratory system and respiratory therapy equipment.

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
By
Raghu
Nandan
(Nandu)

4. INCLUDES
• RESPIRATION
• Internal and external respiration
• Pulmonary function test (PFTs)
• PHYSIOLOGY of Respiration system
• Respiratory Therapy Equipment

5. RESPIRATION
• Respiration is the exchange of gases in any
biological process.
• Respiration is the process in which sugars are
converted in to usable energy.

6. RESPIRATION-DEFINITION
• a process in living organisms
involving the production of energy,
typically with the intake of oxygen
and the release of carbon dioxide
from the oxidation of complex
organic substances.

7. Internal and External Respiration
• External respiration (breathing) is
basically the transfer of gas between
respiratory organs such as lungs and the
outer environment.
• Internal respiration (tissue respiration)
is the transfer of gas between the blood
and cells and release energy.

8. FLOW OF RESPIRATION

9. Pulmonary function test
(PFTs)
• Pulmonary Function testing
measures the function of lung
capacity and lung and chest wall
mechanics to determine whether or
not the patient has a lung problem.
• Pulmonary Function Tests are
commonly referred to as "PFTs"

11. LUNGS
• The lungs are a pair of spongy, elastic bag, air-filled
organs located on either side of the
chest (thorax) where oxygenation of air
occurs.
• The lungs are covered by a thin tissue layer
called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue
lines the inside of the chest cavity

12. PHYSIOLOGY OF
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM FLOW
LARYNX-- TRACHEA (1.5-2CM)
LARYNX OR VOICE BOX TRACHEA OR WIND PIPE
BRONCHI
Left stem lung (0.1cm) Right stem lung(0.1cm)
BRONCHIOLES(0.05cm)
AlVEOLI 0.02Cm and 300 million in number

15. ALVEOLI
• In alveoli interchange of the oxygen from
the lungs to the blood and diffusion of
carbon dioxide from the blood to the lugs
take place.
• About 300 million alveoli are found in
lungs roughly.
• The alveolar surface area is about 80m2

18. INHALATION AND
EXHILATION
• When we inhale diaphragm which is at bottom of
thoraic cavity which when pulls downward to
enlarge the thorax.
• On release of inspiratory muscles the elasticity of
the lungs and ribcage combine with tone of
diaphragm reduces volume of thorax there by
developing a +ve pressure that forces air out of
lungs.
• Inspiration -3mm of Hg
• Expiration +3mm Of Hg

20. RESPIRATORY THERAPY
EQUIPMENT
• If a patient is incapable of adequate
ventilation by natural process then
mechanical assistance must be provided so to
get oxygen delivered to body.

21. RESPIRATORY THERAPY
EQUIPMENTS
INHALATORS
VENTILATORS
RESPIRATORS
HUMIDIFIERS
NEBULIZERS
ASPIRATORS

22. INHALATORS
• 1. an apparatus used to help inhale air,
anesthetics, medicinal vapors, etc.
• 2. an apparatus for giving artificial
respiration; respirator.
• Inhalators generally supply oxygen or
other therepeutic gas to a patient who
is able to breath spontaneously without
assistance. (oxygen concentration is
adjusted)

23. INHALATORS

24. HUMIDIFIERS
• Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the
air.
• Humidifier therapy adds moisture to the air to
prevent dryness that can cause irritation in
many parts of the body
• Virtually it is included in all inhalators,
respirators and ventilators to humidify air.

25. NEBULIZERS
• Nebulizers use oxygen, compressed air or
ultrasonic power to break up medical
solutions and suspensions into small aerosol
droplets that can be directly inhaled from the
mouthpiece of the device.
• aerosol is a "mixture of gas and liquid
particles,“
• Used when water or other mediacation be
suspended in the inspired air as an aerosol.

26. ULTRASONIC NEBULIZER
• ultrasonic nebulizer an electronic device that
generates ultrasound waves that break up
water into an aerosol mist.
• Consists two parts
• Generatorproduces radio frequency
• Nebulizer itself

27. ULTRASONIC NEBULIZERS

28. ASPIRATORS
• These are often included as a part of a
ventilator or inhalator to remove mucus and
other fluids from air ways.
• In most cases it is not provided as a part of
respiratory therapy equipment a separate
suction device may be utilized

29. ASPIRATOR
HUMIDIFIERS

30. Respirators & Ventilators
• To Provide Ventilation to the lungs
• Assistor mode
• Controlled mode
• Pressure-cycled Ventilators
• Volume-cycled ventilators

32. ICU VENTILATOR

34. REFERENCES
• Bio Medical Instrumentation  Dr.ON Pandey
• Medical Instrumentation  JhonG.Webster
• Bio Medical InstrumentationLeslie
Cromwell
• Internet