The study examined the effect of ethanol on carbon dioxide (CO2) production in mice. Mice were injected with either ethanol or a saline solution as a control and placed in jars, where CO2 production was measured over 10 minutes. On average, ethanol-injected mice produced more CO2 than saline-injected mice, however the difference was not statistically significant. The researchers hypothesized that ethanol would be broken down and increase CO2 production, but the results did not support this.
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. Cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms because the energy in glucose cannot be used by cells until it is stored in ATP. Two critical ingredients required for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. Although most organisms on Earth carry out cellular respiration to generate ATP, a few rely on alternative pathways to make this vital molecule. These pathways are anaerobic
that is, they don't require oxygen. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic pathway used by certain species of bacteria that live in anaerobic environments, such as stagnant ponds or decaying vegetation. Some cells produce ATP using both anaerobic and aerobic pathways ( Lagunzad, 2004).
Cellular respiration is a process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. Cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of most organisms because the energy in glucose cannot be used by cells until it is stored in ATP. Two critical ingredients required for cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen. Although most organisms on Earth carry out cellular respiration to generate ATP, a few rely on alternative pathways to make this vital molecule. These pathways are anaerobic
that is, they don't require oxygen. Fermentation is a type of anaerobic pathway used by certain species of bacteria that live in anaerobic environments, such as stagnant ponds or decaying vegetation. Some cells produce ATP using both anaerobic and aerobic pathways ( Lagunzad, 2004).
En esta presentación traemos información sobre uno de los productos más innovadores de nuestra cartera: los recicladores.
Esta maquinaria está pensada para reutilizar el hormigón sobrante de forma que se protege el medio-ambiente reduciendo los residuos generados por la construcción y se aumenta la eficiencia al re-aprovechar materiales.
A talk about Chrome Extensions, why they’re so great for web hackers and how to build them.
Given at the Scandinavian Web Developer Conference on June 2nd, 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Examples at http://files.11born.net/swdc/
Mad scalability: Scaling when you are not GoogleAbel Muíño
A brief history of how Cabify grew during the last couple of years without using cloud platforms like AWS or Google Cloud
I gave this talk at the madScalability meet up on Madrid, March 2017.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (α -LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity i...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT- Biological rhythms are the equal combination of ecological & physiological events producing the internal sense of time in living
being. The internal metabolic rate is influenced by the degree of voluntary activity that is affected by environmental conditions & is associated with
changing season time of day or month and body size Bliss and Montel (1968) found that, in general, the smaller individuals within a species or a
small sized the species have higher metabolic rate per unit rate and time then larger animals. Dehnel and wines (1960) observed the distinct diurnal
rhythm of oxygen consumption the rhythm is characterized that maximum utilization is at 8.00 to 9.00 a.m. by a second smaller peak is at 10.00 to
11.00 p.m. at midnight. Several workers carried out such type of studies [Diwan and Nagbhushnam (1972)]. The crab, B. jaquemontii were collected
and kept for laboratory acclimatization. The pH & temperature were 7.2 & 150C respectively. All the crabs were in the size range was 3.0 cm. to 7.0
cm. The experiments were performed of 30 animals and the oxygen consumption of each individual was measured by Wrinkler’s Method (1960).
Key words- Oxygen consumption, Aquatic respiration, Respiration, Oxygen
En esta presentación traemos información sobre uno de los productos más innovadores de nuestra cartera: los recicladores.
Esta maquinaria está pensada para reutilizar el hormigón sobrante de forma que se protege el medio-ambiente reduciendo los residuos generados por la construcción y se aumenta la eficiencia al re-aprovechar materiales.
A talk about Chrome Extensions, why they’re so great for web hackers and how to build them.
Given at the Scandinavian Web Developer Conference on June 2nd, 2010 in Stockholm, Sweden.
Examples at http://files.11born.net/swdc/
Mad scalability: Scaling when you are not GoogleAbel Muíño
A brief history of how Cabify grew during the last couple of years without using cloud platforms like AWS or Google Cloud
I gave this talk at the madScalability meet up on Madrid, March 2017.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (α -LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity i...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT- Biological rhythms are the equal combination of ecological & physiological events producing the internal sense of time in living
being. The internal metabolic rate is influenced by the degree of voluntary activity that is affected by environmental conditions & is associated with
changing season time of day or month and body size Bliss and Montel (1968) found that, in general, the smaller individuals within a species or a
small sized the species have higher metabolic rate per unit rate and time then larger animals. Dehnel and wines (1960) observed the distinct diurnal
rhythm of oxygen consumption the rhythm is characterized that maximum utilization is at 8.00 to 9.00 a.m. by a second smaller peak is at 10.00 to
11.00 p.m. at midnight. Several workers carried out such type of studies [Diwan and Nagbhushnam (1972)]. The crab, B. jaquemontii were collected
and kept for laboratory acclimatization. The pH & temperature were 7.2 & 150C respectively. All the crabs were in the size range was 3.0 cm. to 7.0
cm. The experiments were performed of 30 animals and the oxygen consumption of each individual was measured by Wrinkler’s Method (1960).
Key words- Oxygen consumption, Aquatic respiration, Respiration, Oxygen
Protective Effect of β-Carotene Extracted From the Cyanobacterium Oscillatori...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
1 Objectives • Measure carbon dioxide evolution and .docxjoyjonna282
1
Objectives
• Measure carbon dioxide evolution and
uptake in plants and animals.
• Study the effect of temperature on cell
respiration.
• compare respiration rates in germinating
and non-germinating peas.
Introduction
Energy is required by living organisms for
movement, transport, and growth. Nothing
happens without energy! The Sun is the
ultimate source of virtually all energy on the
planet Earth. Solar energy is captured by
plants through the process of photosynthesis.
The glucose molecules holding this energy are
broken down by metabolic processes, creating
usable energy for living systems.
Cellular respiration is a series of reactions in
which glucose molecules are broken down,
releasing stored chemical bond energy
(Figure 6.1). The released energy is used to
make the energy rich molecule ATP
(adenosine triphosphate). Carbon dioxide is
released as a by-product of the breakdown of
glucose. It is a crucial by-product from the
perspective of plants, because they need CO2
to perform photosynthesis.
Glycolysis is the first step in cellular
respiration, and it results in the net production
of two ATP molecules. In glycolysis, the 6-
carbon glucose molecules are “split” into two,
3-carbon pyruvate (pyruvic acid) molecules.
LAB TOPIC 6: RESPIRATION
Pyruvate has two potential routes – aerobic
respiration or anaerobic respiration [as either
lactate fermentation or alcohol fermentation]
(Figure 6.1).
1
In laboratory today, you will be examining
respiration in organisms that use aerobic
respiration, which makes use of oxygen. In
this pathway, pyruvate is broken down
completely, and h igh-energy electrons are
stripped away and passed through a series of
electron carriers. Energy is released at each
transfer, and is used to make a net 34 ATP
molecules. Oxygen is the final electron
acceptor in the electron transport system,
hence the name aerobic cellular respiration. In
lecture you will compare this process to
anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the
absence of oxygen or under low oxygen
conditions. The equation below summarizes
the process of aerobic respiration:
C6H12O6
+
6
O2
à 6
CO2
+
6
H2O
+
ATP
+
Heat
Glucose
Oxygen
Carbon
Water
Dioxide
Considering the equation for aerobic
respiration what variables could you measure
to monitor respiration rate?
Figure
6.1
Glycolysis
and
the
potential
fates
of
pyruvate
during
cellular
respiration.
2
2
Oxygen Consumption during Aerobic
Respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the
terminal electron‐acceptor in the electron
transport chain and produces carbon dioxide
(see equation above). You can, therefore,
monitor the respiration rate of an organism by
measuring its uptake of oxygen or evo ...
Scientific Research Studies On Ionized Alkaline Water. Physiological Effects Of Alkaline Ionized Water: Effects On Metabolites Produced By Intestinal Fermentation.
Protective Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (Α-LA) Against Lead Neuro-Toxicity in...inventionjournals
Aim of the work: The present study was conducted to elucidate the possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) against the deleterious effect perturbation induced in rat brain exposed to lead acetate. Methods: 32 Wistar male rats (weighing 130 ± 10 g) were divided into four groups (n=8): (1) normal control group (C); (2) Initiation group (Pb as lead acetate 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 2 wks); (3) treatment group (α-LA 20 mg/kg.b.wt, i.p. for 3 wks); (4) post-initiation treatment group (Pb for 2 wks then followed by α-LA for 3 wks). Levels of monoamines (norepinephrine NE and dopamine DA), the level of Ache activity and finally adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were estimated in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, in addition, a Morris water maze and the histological study were performed after completion of the experiments. Results: The results of the present work demonstrated that Pb inhibited neurotransmitters releases and decrease the level of Ache activity, as well as it inhibited energy production ATP. Pb impaired performance on Morris Water Maze of rats and histological degeneration. However, treatment with α-LA significantly attenuated the behavioral impairment and biochemical parameters in rat treated with Pb. And amelioration of histological changes. Conclusion: As a conclusion, treatment with α-LA can improve the Pb-induced toxicity via antioxidant activity.
Bio 3A POSTER- The effect of ethanol on CO₂ production in mice Mus musculus
1. The effect of ethanol on CO₂ production in mice Mus musculus
Katherine Haxby, Richard Niederecker, and Alex Watson
Department of Biological Sciences, Saddleback College Biology, Mission Viejo
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Figure 1. Data was collected from the Pasco GLX passport, Mouse 2’s CO2 production over the span of 10
minutes from saline and ethanol values.
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Saline Ethanol
AverageCO2Concentration(ppm)
Mice
y = 46.768x - 969.58
R² = 0.995
y = 80.724x + 887.62
R² = 0.9971
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
CO2Concentration(ppm)
Time (seconds)
Saline Ethanol Linear (Saline) Linear (Ethanol)
Alcohol is primarily digested in the body through
ethanol oxidation. The primary oxidative pathway is
performed by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)
(McGuire, 2006). ADH, present in the stomach and
small intestines of mice (Bolema, 1989), converts alcohol
to acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde is further oxidized to
acetic acid, as a result, CO2 and water are produced via
the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is metabolized there
is a production carbon dioxide that is primarily
eliminated through the respiratory system (Carpenter,
1937). It was predicted that alcohol would increase CO2
production. Laboratory mice, Mus musculus, were used
to perform this experiment.
Figure 2. The average CO2 concentration of saline and ethanol. Saline had an average concentration of
27,439.1 ± 3,165.25 while ethanol had an average concentration of 31,674.4 ± 2734.30. Error bars are mean ±
SEM. A one tailed paired t-test revealed that the CO2 production between the experimental and control mice
did not have a significant difference (p= 0.187, N=10).
The experiment took place over a two week
period, two separate days a week a part. On the first day
of research the mice were split into two groups; a
control and experimental group. Mice 1-5 were given
ethanol injections and mice 6-10 were given a control
injections of saline solution. Eighty nine milliliters of 80
proof (40% ethanol) will produce about a .15 BAC level
in 100 lb person; from these statistics mass specific
injections were calculated. This ensures that each mouse
will metabolize an amount of alcohol that is proportional
to its body weight.
Each mouse was injected with its respective
solution into the abdomen. Ten minutes was allowed for
the ethanol to metabolize, the mice were then put into
jars and recording started via the Pasco GLX passport
and CO2 probe. CO2 production was measured for 10
minutes. Figure 1 shows mouse 2’s 10 minute time
frame for its’ CO2 production whilst metabolizing the
alcohol and the control saline solution. Mice were
handled as little as possible before recording, and
recorded one at a time, to keep them calm and
respiration rate normal.
The following day two of research, the preceding
procedure was repeated and the two groups of mice
were switched; mice 6-10 were given ethanol injections
and mice 1-5 were given saline solution.
Saline had an average concentration of 12.98 ± 1.50
mL while ethanol had an average concentration of 14.98 ±
1.29 mL as shown in figure 2. The average amount of CO2
produced was larger in mice that were injected alcohol.
However, a one tailed paired t-test revealed that the CO2
production between the experimental and control mice
did not have a significant difference (p= 0.187, N=10).
References
The extent of this research project was to determine
whether alcohol metabolism increases CO2 production in
fasting mice. During the first trial there was a significant
difference between the ethanol injected and saline
injected mice. Mice that were injected with ethanol
were docile, they were motionless and were laying
down, though not asleep. Mice’s eyes were droopy if not
closed. Visually, respiration rate seemed to have
increased. Saline injected mice, were hyper, climbing up
the jar and probe; which tapping or shaking the jar
lightly would halt. Most of the saline mice spent their
time cleaning, which is a natural, healthy behavior.
During the second trial there was not much difference
between saline and injected mice. There were several
factors that could have modified the results. The mice
were fasting for 12 hours, however, they were eating the
paper bedding in their tank. Their bodies were then
trying to metabolize the paper, and the paper is also
absorbing the alcohol, inhibiting maximal alcohol
absorption and metabolization.
Overall, there was no significant difference between
saline and ethanol injected mice. Further experiments
could be done with a larger sample size and a more
controlled environmental factors, such as housing and
controlled fasting.
Carpenter, Thorne M. (1937). The Metabolism of Alcohol in the Animal Body.
The Scientific Monthly. Vol. 45, No 1, pp 5-18.
McGuire L.C., Cruickshank A. M., Munro P.T. 2006. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis,
Emergency Medicine Journal. pp. 417-420
Boleda M. Dolors, Pere Julia, Alberto Moreno, and Xavier Pares (1989). Role of
Extrehepatic Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Rat Ethanol Metabolism. Achives
of Biochemistry and Biophysics Vo.274, No. 1: pp. 74-81