Selection intensity and its opportunity among Santal women of Keonjhar, Odisha, India
The present study dealt with the opportunity of natural selection using Crow’s index and Johnston and Kensinger's Index among Santal women of Keonjhar, Odisha, India. Mortality index (Im), Fertility index (If) and Total Selection Intensity index (I) were analyzed among the studied population. The Crow’s total index (It) value was found to be 0.7246. The mortality (Im) component was found to be 0.5385 while the fertility (If) component was found to be 0.1846. The contribution of fertility component is greater than that of mortality component among the present studied population using Crow’s index. According to Johnston and Kesinger the total index (It) was found to be 0.8367. Fertility component was found to be 0.0885, Prenatal mortality component (Ime) and Postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) where observed to be 0.1356 and 0.1540, respectively. Therefore, it is clear from the results that prenatal mortality contributes higher than postnatal mortality for selection. i.e., Johnston and Kesinger’s Index (0.8367) contributes higher for the opportunity of natural selection than Crow’s Index (0.7246). Keywords: Selection, fertility, mortality, tribe, prenatal, postnatal.
—Organ donation is very important action by which a life can be saved, so it is advisable to determine fill the formalities for organ donation at least at the time of death. But due to lack of awareness along with myths and misconceptions add to the low percentage of organ donation in India. So this descriptive study was carried out on 815 more than 18 year aged participants with the aim to assess the willingness for organ donation in participants with reasons for willingness as well as for unwillingness. It was found willingness for donate their organ were only in 50.4% of participants whereas 20.9% did not want to donate and 28.7% did not decide. The most common reason found for willingness in this study was 'I could save many life from donating my body' i.e. in 80.8% followed by 'After death I will be alive' response (51.5%), 'It's saintly work' response (50.6%), 'Society will be benefited' response in 42.2% and 'On being motivated by media and people ' response in 35.8% of participants. And when reasons for not willing to donate their organ was discovered in this study, it was found that majority (55.9%) could not explain any reason for that while 17.1% were feared that family and doctors will not save them, 14% said that family members will sell their organ (14.0%) and few (12.9%) said that it's against my religion. It can be observed that a quantifiable (35.8%) of participants were motivated for willingness for organ donation through media and people are having myths regarding organ donation. So to promote organ donation, awareness for organ donation and its related issues should be encouraged through various medias.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
Maximum exploitation of existing human resources is possible by immediate engagement of women in
science. But, historically, scientific field is found to be male-dominated. Women empowerment
embraces the good quality education. Sensitizing and encouraging the women towards education
embracement enables them to set free from ignorance, poverty and starvation. Hence, education is
continuing as the most practicable avenue for women empowerment. Imparting science education to
the entire population expedites the accomplishment of scientific and technological progression. The
present article enlightens the efforts of Indian government and United Nations towards empowerment
of women through science education and research.
Prevalence of and Socio-Demographic Factors Related with Overweightsajjalp
The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and to describe the socio-demographic factors
related with overweight. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at women’s college Kathmandu, Nepal from January to April
2019 using a convenient sampling technique to select the subjects. The study was conducted among 202 female students aged 18
to 23 years with the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises questions on socio-demographic factors
related to the weight status. The height and weight of subjects were self-reported to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and to
group them into overweight, normal weight, and underweight according to the guidelines of the world health organization. The
prevalence rate of overweight among the female students was 12.9% (CI: 8.4 – 17.8, p<0.05). The average BMI for overweight
students is 26.4 ± 0.973 kg/m2 with 95% confidence interval: 26- 26.79, p < 0.05. Most of the students are conscious about their
health. The socio-demographic factors behind overweight among the female students were physical inactivity, unhealthy food
consumption pattern, and moderate average family monthly income
— NUHM was launched in 1 May 2013 to improve the health status of the urban population particularly slum dwellers and other vulnerable urban section by facilitating their access to quality health care. And ASHAs are a 'bridge' or an interface between the community and health service outlets. NHM set some standard for working of ASHAs. So this study was conducted to assess the status of performance indicator for ASHA in area of Jaipur city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 ASHAs working in Jaipur city. It was observed in this study that more than 80% was achieved in percentage of families counselled, ANC adequately covered, Institutional deliveries and completely immunized for age in 12-23 months age children among ASHA performance indicators. Newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claims made and newborn who were weighed by ASHAs were achieved of 70-80%. And less than 50% achievement was regarding percentage of children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week. It can be concluded from this study that best ASHA performance indicator achieved was of percentage of institutional deliveries which is 82.53%, followed by regarding ANC adequately covered with at least 4 visits, Immunization of 12-23 months age, families counselled, newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claim made, newborn who were weighed, deliveries escorted, children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week
This document summarizes discussions from a symposium on catalyzing primary and secondary cancer prevention efforts in India. The symposium brought together experts from government, academia, the private sector, donor organizations, and civil society from India and other countries. Participants discussed challenges and opportunities for implementing strategies to prevent oral, breast, and cervical cancers in India. They proposed priorities for implementation-focused research, advocacy, and policies/programs to strengthen cancer prevention efforts in India, focusing on issues like strategic communication, screening and early detection methods, and linking patients to treatment. The document reviews background on cancer burdens in India and frameworks for guiding prevention actions, and summarizes presentations on challenges, lessons from other countries, and approaches to improving
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Gender Differences in Motivational Factors towards Medical Career Choiceiosrjce
The present study aims to study motivations of students in choosing the medical profession and
whether these motivations are different, gender wise along with their demographic features. The study was
conducted on 150 students of MIMER Medical College, Pune. Demographic result of the study indicated that
enrolment in medical faculty was more by girls (83) than by boys (67) and majority of students came from
medical family. A primary motivation factor in girls was patient care, interest in science, career opportunity
and personal skills. While in boys it was patient care, interest in science, status –security, self-employment. To
pursue the medical profession other motivating factors was number of attempts in medical entrance exam held,
there was no difference found in both gender statistically. But statistically significance was found gender wise,
in getting encouragement from family, in girls it was more encouragement. Also statistic significance was found
in girls for deciding the career choice before X classes compare to boy students, indicating girls are early
decider
—Organ donation is very important action by which a life can be saved, so it is advisable to determine fill the formalities for organ donation at least at the time of death. But due to lack of awareness along with myths and misconceptions add to the low percentage of organ donation in India. So this descriptive study was carried out on 815 more than 18 year aged participants with the aim to assess the willingness for organ donation in participants with reasons for willingness as well as for unwillingness. It was found willingness for donate their organ were only in 50.4% of participants whereas 20.9% did not want to donate and 28.7% did not decide. The most common reason found for willingness in this study was 'I could save many life from donating my body' i.e. in 80.8% followed by 'After death I will be alive' response (51.5%), 'It's saintly work' response (50.6%), 'Society will be benefited' response in 42.2% and 'On being motivated by media and people ' response in 35.8% of participants. And when reasons for not willing to donate their organ was discovered in this study, it was found that majority (55.9%) could not explain any reason for that while 17.1% were feared that family and doctors will not save them, 14% said that family members will sell their organ (14.0%) and few (12.9%) said that it's against my religion. It can be observed that a quantifiable (35.8%) of participants were motivated for willingness for organ donation through media and people are having myths regarding organ donation. So to promote organ donation, awareness for organ donation and its related issues should be encouraged through various medias.
—In many cultures in India, womanhood is defined through motherhood and infertile women usually carry the blame for the couple inability to conceive. A childless woman is stigmatized and sometimes not allowed to participate in various auspicious ceremonies, particularly those involving childbirth. The present study was undertaken in S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan to find out the factors contributing to infertility and the health seeking behavior of infertile women. A hospital based observational study was carried out in year 2017 on eligible women attending OPD of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Mahila Chikitsalaya, S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur. A total 1000 eligible women were recruited using systematic random sampling and interviewed using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. A total of 119 women (11.9%) were found to be infertile. Age of women, caste, residence, education status of women, occupation, family size and socioeconomic status were found to be significantly associated with infertility (P<0.05). Lower age of women, OBC caste, urban residence, less family size, lesser education status of women, housewives and middle socioeconomic status were found to have significantly more infertile females than their counterparts. Age of women, type of family and religion were not found to be associated with infertility (P >0.05). Improving awareness about infertility and its management could help reduce the burden and its social implications.
Maximum exploitation of existing human resources is possible by immediate engagement of women in
science. But, historically, scientific field is found to be male-dominated. Women empowerment
embraces the good quality education. Sensitizing and encouraging the women towards education
embracement enables them to set free from ignorance, poverty and starvation. Hence, education is
continuing as the most practicable avenue for women empowerment. Imparting science education to
the entire population expedites the accomplishment of scientific and technological progression. The
present article enlightens the efforts of Indian government and United Nations towards empowerment
of women through science education and research.
Prevalence of and Socio-Demographic Factors Related with Overweightsajjalp
The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and to describe the socio-demographic factors
related with overweight. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at women’s college Kathmandu, Nepal from January to April
2019 using a convenient sampling technique to select the subjects. The study was conducted among 202 female students aged 18
to 23 years with the self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises questions on socio-demographic factors
related to the weight status. The height and weight of subjects were self-reported to calculate the body mass index (BMI) and to
group them into overweight, normal weight, and underweight according to the guidelines of the world health organization. The
prevalence rate of overweight among the female students was 12.9% (CI: 8.4 – 17.8, p<0.05). The average BMI for overweight
students is 26.4 ± 0.973 kg/m2 with 95% confidence interval: 26- 26.79, p < 0.05. Most of the students are conscious about their
health. The socio-demographic factors behind overweight among the female students were physical inactivity, unhealthy food
consumption pattern, and moderate average family monthly income
— NUHM was launched in 1 May 2013 to improve the health status of the urban population particularly slum dwellers and other vulnerable urban section by facilitating their access to quality health care. And ASHAs are a 'bridge' or an interface between the community and health service outlets. NHM set some standard for working of ASHAs. So this study was conducted to assess the status of performance indicator for ASHA in area of Jaipur city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 ASHAs working in Jaipur city. It was observed in this study that more than 80% was achieved in percentage of families counselled, ANC adequately covered, Institutional deliveries and completely immunized for age in 12-23 months age children among ASHA performance indicators. Newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claims made and newborn who were weighed by ASHAs were achieved of 70-80%. And less than 50% achievement was regarding percentage of children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week. It can be concluded from this study that best ASHA performance indicator achieved was of percentage of institutional deliveries which is 82.53%, followed by regarding ANC adequately covered with at least 4 visits, Immunization of 12-23 months age, families counselled, newborn visit within 1 week of delivery, JSY claim made, newborn who were weighed, deliveries escorted, children with diarrhoea received ORS and fever cases who received Chloroquine within first week
This document summarizes discussions from a symposium on catalyzing primary and secondary cancer prevention efforts in India. The symposium brought together experts from government, academia, the private sector, donor organizations, and civil society from India and other countries. Participants discussed challenges and opportunities for implementing strategies to prevent oral, breast, and cervical cancers in India. They proposed priorities for implementation-focused research, advocacy, and policies/programs to strengthen cancer prevention efforts in India, focusing on issues like strategic communication, screening and early detection methods, and linking patients to treatment. The document reviews background on cancer burdens in India and frameworks for guiding prevention actions, and summarizes presentations on challenges, lessons from other countries, and approaches to improving
An Assessment of Birth Control Measures Among Women in Reproductive Age of Ka...ijtsrd
This study aimed to assess the impact of age on attitudes of married women regarding family planning and birth control measures in Kashmir. A sample of 400 married women aged 18-50 years was selected through random sampling. Data was collected using a family planning attitude scale and questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of women across all age groups had a medium level of concern about adoption of family planning measures. A medium level of concern was also observed regarding population problems, family planning, birth control, fertility control, abortion as a birth control method, and contraceptive methods. The level of concern was generally consistent across the different age groups.
Gender Differences in Motivational Factors towards Medical Career Choiceiosrjce
The present study aims to study motivations of students in choosing the medical profession and
whether these motivations are different, gender wise along with their demographic features. The study was
conducted on 150 students of MIMER Medical College, Pune. Demographic result of the study indicated that
enrolment in medical faculty was more by girls (83) than by boys (67) and majority of students came from
medical family. A primary motivation factor in girls was patient care, interest in science, career opportunity
and personal skills. While in boys it was patient care, interest in science, status –security, self-employment. To
pursue the medical profession other motivating factors was number of attempts in medical entrance exam held,
there was no difference found in both gender statistically. But statistically significance was found gender wise,
in getting encouragement from family, in girls it was more encouragement. Also statistic significance was found
in girls for deciding the career choice before X classes compare to boy students, indicating girls are early
decider
This document discusses a study examining the climate change and health perspectives of adolescents living in urban slums in Surat, India. The study found that adolescents make up about 1/5 of the slum population and have relatively high levels of school attendance. Through surveys and interviews, the study assessed adolescents' knowledge of health issues like vector-borne diseases, as well as their understanding of behaviors and environmental factors that affect health. Adolescents displayed concrete knowledge of diseases but also more abstract understanding of how climate change can impact issues like migration, livelihoods, and conflicts that act as stressors affecting health. The study concludes that empowering adolescents through education can help enable them as agents of climate change resilience in their communities.
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice KAP on Anemia and Socio Economic ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to anemia among 508 rural adolescent girls in Odisha, India before and after a planned nutrition education program. The study found that 55% of participants had mild anemia at baseline. Scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices all improved significantly after the education program, indicating it was effective at positively changing KAP related to anemia. Certain demographic variables like age, family income, and mother's education were also found to influence KAP levels. The results suggest planned nutrition education can help address anemia issues among adolescent girls.
This study examined the psychiatric morbidity profile of 1,620 elderly people residing in Jaipur, India. The researchers found that over half (54.32%) of the elderly population had at least one psychiatric illness. Depression was the most common psychiatric problem, affecting 40.93% of participants. Other frequent issues included sleep disorders, anxiety, and psychosis. Females had significantly higher rates of depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and phobias compared to males. The results suggest that the elderly population requires increased attention and support from policymakers to address their high burden of psychiatric illnesses.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
The document provides a summary and critical appraisal of two articles. The first article examines the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and prevalence of anemia among adolescent college girls in Bangladesh. It found poor nutrient intake, high rates of stunting and underweight, and a 23% prevalence of anemia. The second article identifies risk factors for overweight and obesity among urban school-aged children in Bangladesh. It found that having overweight parents and engaging in high amounts of sedentary activity increased obesity risk, while physical activity at home was protective. Both articles are limited by their small sample sizes and limited geographical coverage within Bangladesh.
Effect of Genotype on Body Conformation and Udder Morphometrics in Milking Da...YogeshIJTSRD
Bodyweight is one of most important economical traits in dairy cattle and is affected by different environmental factors. One of genetic factors that affects cow conformation traits, is the breed effect. The aim in this study was to determine how breed of cattle affect morphological traits in cattle. In this study, bodyweight BW , seven body traits Body weight, BW Body condition score, BCS stature, ST chest width, CW body depth, BD heart girth, HG rump width, RW , five udder traits chest ligament, CL rear udder height, RUH rear udder width, RUW udder clearance, UC teat length, TL were analyzed. Analysis of variance procedures of R 3.0.3 statistical software was used to test the breed and significance difference in means were separated using Tukey test. In hot climate of Kwara State, the effects of genotype significantly influence body weight, body depth, heart girth and rear udder depth. The crosses of Holstein Friesian and Jersey were more superior to its crossbred’s cows. It is concluded that Holstein and Jersey crosses should be use for genetic improvement programs targeted at improving meat and milk production. Omoniwa D. O | Okeke R. O | Adeniyi, O. O | Oladipo M. F | J. M Madu | D. S. Bunjah Umar "Effect of Genotype on Body Conformation and Udder Morphometrics in Milking Dairy Cows in Humid Tropical Conditions of Kwara State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/43747/effect-of-genotype-on-body-conformation-and-udder-morphometrics-in-milking-dairy-cows-in-humid-tropical-conditions-of-kwara-state/omoniwa-d-o
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM in Ter...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYBanicoo PK et al. , 2016 , some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia SCA . Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Consecutive children with SCA aged 5 11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital UNTH Enugu, Nigeria. Their age and sex matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009 2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register Sony Verma | Pro. Dr. N. V. Muninarayanappa | Mrs. Ramya Vasanth "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Causes and Remedies for Poor Academic Performance of School Children among the Teachers of Selected Schools at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45076.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45076/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-in-terms-of-knowledge-regarding-causes-and-remedies-for-poor-academic-performance-of-school-children-among-the-teachers-of-selected-schools-at-moradabad/sony-verma
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
This study assessed family planning practices among the urban slum population in Lucknow, India. Over 500 recently delivered women were surveyed using cluster sampling. The results found that over 60% had knowledge of contraceptive methods, with over half currently using contraception. The most common methods were condoms, birth control pills, IUDs, and sterilization. Around 30% cited religious reasons for not using contraception, while others reported lack of knowledge, husband's reluctance, or financial constraints. The study recommends popularizing newer family planning practices, educating men on vasectomy, and providing more community awareness programs on reproductive health for slum residents.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension among tribal adults in Narayanganj block of Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 tribal adults using random sampling. They found that 22% of participants had hypertension and 31.7% had prehypertension. Risk factors like older age, male gender, alcohol use, and tobacco use were significantly associated with hypertension. The study concluded that hypertension is an emerging health problem among tribal populations and health services need to focus on prevention and management of hypertension and associated risk factors.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of socio-demographic factors on the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services under the Janani Suraksha Yojana program in Dehradun, India. The study found that 42.83% of married women (15-49 years) who delivered within the last two years in a government hospital utilized JSY services. Most JSY users lived in urban areas. Registration with health personnel was higher among Hindu women and those from upper lower socioeconomic classes. More ANC visits and iron folic acid tablet consumption was seen in illiterate women and those from upper lower socioeconomic classes.
India is second largest country to have people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in world. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has bad pregnancy outcomes so this present case control study was conducted on 50 pregnant women (ANCs) with GDM and 50 normal ANCs to assess the bio-socio-demographic risk factors of Gestational Diabetes. It was found that GDM was significantly associated with age, religion, residence and BMI of woman. GDM was found significantly more with increasing age and increasing BMI. ANCs residing in urban areas and belonging to Muslim religion were more pron to have GDM than their counter parts. Family history of diabetes also favors in occurrence of GDM. So clinicians should increase GDM screening at first ANC visit and prompt treatment is recommended to prevent complication. Early identification of woman at risk of GDM may prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity.
with age, residence, education, occupation and parity of ANCs but not with BMI and bad obstetric history of ANCs. Anemia was found significantly more in younger age, less educated and housewives than their counterparts. Likewise ANCs of rural area had more chances of Anemia than those residing in urban areas. And ANCs having either zero parity or parity more than two had more probability to have anemia than their counterparts.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAO...dbpublications
The document summarizes a study that assessed the body mass index (BMI) of 202 children aged 6-14 years from two schools in the tribal area of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India. Key findings were that 86% of children were underweight according to WHO standards, with higher rates of underweight in younger age groups and females. Factors like poverty, lack of education, and unsafe drinking water likely contributed to high malnutrition rates. The study suggests regular monitoring, nutritional supplementation, and awareness programs to address malnutrition in the area.
Reproductive performance of different goat breeds in MalaysiaMohammed Muayad TA
This document summarizes a study on the reproductive performance of three goat breeds (Kambing Katjang, Boer, and Jamnapari) in Malaysia using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices and artificial insemination. Sixty goats were divided into a treatment group that received CIDR devices for 9 days and a control group. The study found higher estrus synchronization, pregnancy, and twin rates in the treatment group compared to the control. The Boer breed had the highest twin rate. Mortality was highest for kids under 3 months and higher for females than males. In conclusion, CIDR devices can effectively synchronize estrus cycles and improve reproductive performance, especially for Boer goats.
Abstract— Elderly population is increasing due to demographic shift in favor of geriatric population. This age group is susceptible for many acute and chronic health problems which may lead to limitation daily activities of life. Study of acute and chronic health problems with limitation daily activities of life of this population is required to frame comprehensive policies to make ageing a comfortable experience. So this cross-sectional period prevalence study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study episodes of acute health problems within last one month and limitation daily activities of life within last years of this population of elderly population. Study population consist of 1620 elderly with M:F ratio 0.95. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. It can be concluded from 41.6% of elderly were having difficulty in performing activity of daily living and this difficulty was found more in females that males and in older ages. It was also revealed that 44.37 of elderly had one or more episodes of acute illness in last one month. These number of episodes of acute illness in last one month was found more in males and in older age groups.
B.sc(microbiology and biotechnology and biochemistry) ii inorganic chemistry ...Rai University
The document discusses rules for electron arrangement in orbitals. It covers three main principles:
1) Aufbau's principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.
2) Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. This limits each orbital to holding two electrons with opposite spins.
3) Hund's rule states that when multiple degenerate orbitals are available at the same energy level, electrons will occupy them singly with parallel spins before pairing up. This results in the highest possible spin state.
The document discusses ABS's dairy and beef sire selection processes. For dairy, most sires come from special matings of high-PTA cows and bulls. Progeny testing involves placing young bulls in limited service across many herds to evaluate daughters, with only 1 in 10 bulls graduating. For beef, ABS uses 8 criteria including EPDs and ultrasound data to select bulls with varied growth and maternal traits suited to different operations.
This document discusses a study examining the climate change and health perspectives of adolescents living in urban slums in Surat, India. The study found that adolescents make up about 1/5 of the slum population and have relatively high levels of school attendance. Through surveys and interviews, the study assessed adolescents' knowledge of health issues like vector-borne diseases, as well as their understanding of behaviors and environmental factors that affect health. Adolescents displayed concrete knowledge of diseases but also more abstract understanding of how climate change can impact issues like migration, livelihoods, and conflicts that act as stressors affecting health. The study concludes that empowering adolescents through education can help enable them as agents of climate change resilience in their communities.
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice KAP on Anemia and Socio Economic ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to anemia among 508 rural adolescent girls in Odisha, India before and after a planned nutrition education program. The study found that 55% of participants had mild anemia at baseline. Scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices all improved significantly after the education program, indicating it was effective at positively changing KAP related to anemia. Certain demographic variables like age, family income, and mother's education were also found to influence KAP levels. The results suggest planned nutrition education can help address anemia issues among adolescent girls.
This study examined the psychiatric morbidity profile of 1,620 elderly people residing in Jaipur, India. The researchers found that over half (54.32%) of the elderly population had at least one psychiatric illness. Depression was the most common psychiatric problem, affecting 40.93% of participants. Other frequent issues included sleep disorders, anxiety, and psychosis. Females had significantly higher rates of depression, sleep disorders, psychosis, and phobias compared to males. The results suggest that the elderly population requires increased attention and support from policymakers to address their high burden of psychiatric illnesses.
Abstract—Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle disease it is increasing with increase of urbanization. It is a side effect of development. Nowadays with the development of community it is also on increase trend. So this study was conducted on 250 patients of diabetes attended at Diabetic Clinic of SMS Hospital Jaipur, with the aim to find out socio-demographic profile of these diabetes cases. General information about the these case was gathered in a pre-designed semi-structured performa. It was found in this study that majority of cases were in age group of 31 to 45 years with slight male dominance. Education wise majority were Graduate followed by secondary educated and others. Likewise occupation wise majority were either unemployed of professional. Majority of cases were from Socio economic Class II and III. So it can be concluded that diabetes is a disease of middle age slight male dominance and of educated middle class individuals. Further studies are required to establish this fact.
The document provides a summary and critical appraisal of two articles. The first article examines the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and prevalence of anemia among adolescent college girls in Bangladesh. It found poor nutrient intake, high rates of stunting and underweight, and a 23% prevalence of anemia. The second article identifies risk factors for overweight and obesity among urban school-aged children in Bangladesh. It found that having overweight parents and engaging in high amounts of sedentary activity increased obesity risk, while physical activity at home was protective. Both articles are limited by their small sample sizes and limited geographical coverage within Bangladesh.
Effect of Genotype on Body Conformation and Udder Morphometrics in Milking Da...YogeshIJTSRD
Bodyweight is one of most important economical traits in dairy cattle and is affected by different environmental factors. One of genetic factors that affects cow conformation traits, is the breed effect. The aim in this study was to determine how breed of cattle affect morphological traits in cattle. In this study, bodyweight BW , seven body traits Body weight, BW Body condition score, BCS stature, ST chest width, CW body depth, BD heart girth, HG rump width, RW , five udder traits chest ligament, CL rear udder height, RUH rear udder width, RUW udder clearance, UC teat length, TL were analyzed. Analysis of variance procedures of R 3.0.3 statistical software was used to test the breed and significance difference in means were separated using Tukey test. In hot climate of Kwara State, the effects of genotype significantly influence body weight, body depth, heart girth and rear udder depth. The crosses of Holstein Friesian and Jersey were more superior to its crossbred’s cows. It is concluded that Holstein and Jersey crosses should be use for genetic improvement programs targeted at improving meat and milk production. Omoniwa D. O | Okeke R. O | Adeniyi, O. O | Oladipo M. F | J. M Madu | D. S. Bunjah Umar "Effect of Genotype on Body Conformation and Udder Morphometrics in Milking Dairy Cows in Humid Tropical Conditions of Kwara State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43747.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/43747/effect-of-genotype-on-body-conformation-and-udder-morphometrics-in-milking-dairy-cows-in-humid-tropical-conditions-of-kwara-state/omoniwa-d-o
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module SIM in Ter...YogeshIJTSRD
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYBanicoo PK et al. , 2016 , some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia SCA . Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Consecutive children with SCA aged 5 11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital UNTH Enugu, Nigeria. Their age and sex matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009 2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register Sony Verma | Pro. Dr. N. V. Muninarayanappa | Mrs. Ramya Vasanth "A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Causes and Remedies for Poor Academic Performance of School Children among the Teachers of Selected Schools at Moradabad" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45076.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/45076/a-study-to-evaluate-the-effectiveness-of-self-instructional-module-sim-in-terms-of-knowledge-regarding-causes-and-remedies-for-poor-academic-performance-of-school-children-among-the-teachers-of-selected-schools-at-moradabad/sony-verma
Physical Activity Level Analyses and Chronic-Degenerative Disease Risks In Do...IJERDJOURNAL
Abstract:- It is of common belief that physical activity can restore damages caused to people's health due to the stressful everyday work routine. The energy expenditure on physical activities is directly related to the frequency, duration and intensity of human movements developed on many tasks. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate this energy consumption in public school teachers from the city of Horizonte, Ceara, discussing about degenerative chronic disease risks. 30 teachers, 9 men and 21 women within the age of 25 to 59 years old, were evaluated. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated in order to classify them as normal, overweight and obese. As an instrument, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnarie (IPAQ) was used, once it is more recommended to national prevalence studies due to the possibility of international comparison. This instrument contains several questions related to frequency (days per week) and duration (time per day) spent on moderate and vigorous physical activities and walking. The questionnarie also captures the energy expenditure in METs, in order to classify the selected individuals according to intensity: “sedentary” (< 1,5 METs), “low” (1,5 < METs < 3,0), “moderate” (3,9 < METs < 5,9) and “high” (≥ 6,0 METs). These analyses were performed using the Epi Info™ program, which used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the teachers present a good level of physical activity with 46,67% classified as high, 40% as moderate and 13,13% as low. The individuals also presented significant degree of overweight and obesity, 43% and 34% respectively, and only 23% within the acceptable weight range. Therefore, it could be concluded that, among the modifiable risk factors, the physical activity and the body mass control play important roles when it comes to chronic-degenerative disease prevention
This study assessed family planning practices among the urban slum population in Lucknow, India. Over 500 recently delivered women were surveyed using cluster sampling. The results found that over 60% had knowledge of contraceptive methods, with over half currently using contraception. The most common methods were condoms, birth control pills, IUDs, and sterilization. Around 30% cited religious reasons for not using contraception, while others reported lack of knowledge, husband's reluctance, or financial constraints. The study recommends popularizing newer family planning practices, educating men on vasectomy, and providing more community awareness programs on reproductive health for slum residents.
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension among tribal adults in Narayanganj block of Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 300 tribal adults using random sampling. They found that 22% of participants had hypertension and 31.7% had prehypertension. Risk factors like older age, male gender, alcohol use, and tobacco use were significantly associated with hypertension. The study concluded that hypertension is an emerging health problem among tribal populations and health services need to focus on prevention and management of hypertension and associated risk factors.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of socio-demographic factors on the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services under the Janani Suraksha Yojana program in Dehradun, India. The study found that 42.83% of married women (15-49 years) who delivered within the last two years in a government hospital utilized JSY services. Most JSY users lived in urban areas. Registration with health personnel was higher among Hindu women and those from upper lower socioeconomic classes. More ANC visits and iron folic acid tablet consumption was seen in illiterate women and those from upper lower socioeconomic classes.
India is second largest country to have people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in world. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has bad pregnancy outcomes so this present case control study was conducted on 50 pregnant women (ANCs) with GDM and 50 normal ANCs to assess the bio-socio-demographic risk factors of Gestational Diabetes. It was found that GDM was significantly associated with age, religion, residence and BMI of woman. GDM was found significantly more with increasing age and increasing BMI. ANCs residing in urban areas and belonging to Muslim religion were more pron to have GDM than their counter parts. Family history of diabetes also favors in occurrence of GDM. So clinicians should increase GDM screening at first ANC visit and prompt treatment is recommended to prevent complication. Early identification of woman at risk of GDM may prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity.
with age, residence, education, occupation and parity of ANCs but not with BMI and bad obstetric history of ANCs. Anemia was found significantly more in younger age, less educated and housewives than their counterparts. Likewise ANCs of rural area had more chances of Anemia than those residing in urban areas. And ANCs having either zero parity or parity more than two had more probability to have anemia than their counterparts.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAO...dbpublications
The document summarizes a study that assessed the body mass index (BMI) of 202 children aged 6-14 years from two schools in the tribal area of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India. Key findings were that 86% of children were underweight according to WHO standards, with higher rates of underweight in younger age groups and females. Factors like poverty, lack of education, and unsafe drinking water likely contributed to high malnutrition rates. The study suggests regular monitoring, nutritional supplementation, and awareness programs to address malnutrition in the area.
Reproductive performance of different goat breeds in MalaysiaMohammed Muayad TA
This document summarizes a study on the reproductive performance of three goat breeds (Kambing Katjang, Boer, and Jamnapari) in Malaysia using controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices and artificial insemination. Sixty goats were divided into a treatment group that received CIDR devices for 9 days and a control group. The study found higher estrus synchronization, pregnancy, and twin rates in the treatment group compared to the control. The Boer breed had the highest twin rate. Mortality was highest for kids under 3 months and higher for females than males. In conclusion, CIDR devices can effectively synchronize estrus cycles and improve reproductive performance, especially for Boer goats.
Abstract— Elderly population is increasing due to demographic shift in favor of geriatric population. This age group is susceptible for many acute and chronic health problems which may lead to limitation daily activities of life. Study of acute and chronic health problems with limitation daily activities of life of this population is required to frame comprehensive policies to make ageing a comfortable experience. So this cross-sectional period prevalence study was carried out from September 2009 to August 2010 on 1620 elderly residing in Municipal corporation area of Jaipur city with the aim to study episodes of acute health problems within last one month and limitation daily activities of life within last years of this population of elderly population. Study population consist of 1620 elderly with M:F ratio 0.95. Mean age of elderly was 66.08 years with slight female predominance i.e. 1048 females for 1000 males in Jaipur city. It can be concluded from 41.6% of elderly were having difficulty in performing activity of daily living and this difficulty was found more in females that males and in older ages. It was also revealed that 44.37 of elderly had one or more episodes of acute illness in last one month. These number of episodes of acute illness in last one month was found more in males and in older age groups.
B.sc(microbiology and biotechnology and biochemistry) ii inorganic chemistry ...Rai University
The document discusses rules for electron arrangement in orbitals. It covers three main principles:
1) Aufbau's principle states that electrons fill atomic orbitals in order of increasing energy. Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.
2) Pauli's exclusion principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers. This limits each orbital to holding two electrons with opposite spins.
3) Hund's rule states that when multiple degenerate orbitals are available at the same energy level, electrons will occupy them singly with parallel spins before pairing up. This results in the highest possible spin state.
The document discusses ABS's dairy and beef sire selection processes. For dairy, most sires come from special matings of high-PTA cows and bulls. Progeny testing involves placing young bulls in limited service across many herds to evaluate daughters, with only 1 in 10 bulls graduating. For beef, ABS uses 8 criteria including EPDs and ultrasound data to select bulls with varied growth and maternal traits suited to different operations.
This document provides an overview of molecular spectroscopy techniques, including rotational spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. Rotational spectroscopy uses microwave spectroscopy to study the quantized rotational energy levels of molecules. Vibrational spectroscopy uses infrared spectroscopy to analyze the quantized vibrational energy levels of bonds as they stretch, bend, and vibrate. Absorption and emission spectroscopy examines how molecules absorb and emit photons during electronic transitions between energy levels.
This document provides an overview of mass spectrometry. It defines mass spectrometry as a technique for determining the molecular mass and composition of organic and inorganic compounds. The document outlines the basic components and working principle of a mass spectrometer. It discusses sample ionization, mass analysis, and ion detection. Fragmentation patterns are described along with examples of mass spectra for different compound classes like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, and alcohols. The history of mass spectrometry is also summarized.
CBSE Class XI Chemistry :- Organic chemistry (Basics)Pranav Ghildiyal
Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds as it has 4 valence electrons. It can gain 4 electrons to form C4- anion or lose 4 electrons to form C4+ cation, moving it away from stability by the octet rule. Carbon overcomes this by sharing electrons in covalent bonds, allowing it to catenate or link together by forming sigma and pi bonds to itself due to orbital overlap.
Presentation is for the first chapter of class 11th Chemistry CBSE board. Presentation is having detailed description for some of the basic concepts like mole concept, matter in our surrounding etc.
Opportunity for Natural Selection among Bhuiyans: A Tribal Population of Keon...Binoy Kuiti
This study investigated the opportunity for natural selection among the Bhuiyan tribal population in Haldipani village, Keonjhar District, Odisha, India. Demographic data was collected from 83 households, including reproductive histories of 71 mothers aged 40+. The indices of mortality, fertility, and overall natural selection were calculated. Mortality was higher than fertility, possibly due to poor sanitation and healthcare access. The natural selection index of 0.7804 indicated a moderate level of selection pressure. This pressure could be reduced by improving socioeconomic conditions, health awareness, and education for this population.
A STUDY ON THE PRACTICE OF LACTATING MOTHERS IN THANJAVUR DISTRICTIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on breastfeeding practices of lactating mothers in Thanjavur District, India. The study aimed to understand breastfeeding cultural practices and the association between breastfeeding practices and socioeconomic factors. 50 mothers were surveyed using interviews. Key findings include that most mothers were below age 27, Hindu, and from backward castes. The majority (66%) breastfed exclusively while others supplemented with formula or solids. Most deliveries were in hospitals. Knowledge of optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding was low. The study concluded breastfeeding practices in rural areas were better but nutritional education programs are still needed to address issues like malnutrition and obesity.
Health Consciousness of School Going Adolescents*AI Publications
The study was conducted among the school going adolescents in Kerala to assess their socio-personal profile, food consumption pattern and to understand their health consciousness and health status through health indicators like Body Mass Index (BMI). The study revealed that 15.6 per cent of the respondents had symptoms suggestive of some nutritional problems. Regarding BMI, above two-third of the students were included in the underweight category, 1.7 per cent were having overweight and a small percentage were even obese.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adultsYounis I Munshi
This study examined the prevalence and correlates of low back pain in adults in Southern India. A total of 804 adults (401 men and 403 women) aged 20 years and older participated in the study. The key findings were:
1. The overall prevalence of low back pain was 40.7%, with the prevalence being higher in women (52.9%) compared to men (28.4%).
2. Height, weight, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and BMI were not associated with low back pain in both men and women.
3. In women, those who had undergone caesarean sections or sterilization were more likely to experience low back pain.
4. Both men and women
The school age period is nutritionally
significant because this is the prime time to build up body
stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of
adolescence.1 Malnutrition remains the world’s most
serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to
child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the
developing world are either underweight or stunted and
more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer
from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available
from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very
sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the
same.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the students' attitude and consciousness degree regarding the pregnancy health in 2013 in Eastern-Azerbaijan Province. So, 300 students in different semesters have been taken up as accidentally from Tabriz, Marand, Bonab, Maragheh and Ahar have been taken up in this study. The WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview-questionnaire designed by John Cleland surveys with young people has been applied in this study. The statistical data has been completed by the help of SPSS software and descriptive and t-test statistical cases. The results showed the attitude score from the family adjustment is significantly higher than the determined degree positively. The results showed the sexual diseases are significantly higher than the fixed determined degree positively. Also it showed there is no observed any significant difference between the degree of the conscious and the students' attitude based on their marital status The results did not show any significant difference regarding the degree of the attitude among students.
Residents of rural villages in South India perceived negative health impacts from changes in their communities due to development and urbanization. Focus group participants believed their communities were now less healthy, more polluted, and had less physical activity and access to nutritious foods compared to the past. However, views on whether rural or urban areas were healthier overall were mixed. While some development was seen as positive, residents wanted more local services and facilities to improve health.
A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re Productive Healthijtsrd
Reproductive health covers all matters relating to the reproductive system, at all stages of life. Good reproductive health for women begins in childhood and the teen years. Things such as nutrition, environment, education, income level, and cultural practices influence your reproductive health. Good reproductive health benefits the health and well being of our family. It can improve the social and economic situation of you and our family. And most importantly, it can help make sure that every infant is wanted, loved and has a chance to grow up healthy. The present study concludes that 1 4th 59 of the respondents attitude are neutral, 21percent of the respondent’s attitude are positive, and 19percent of the respondent attitude is negative towards sexual and reproductive health. Dr. Agnes Febiola. X | Saranya. S "A Study on the Attitude of Tribal Woman towards Re-Productive Health" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56237.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/other/56237/a-study-on-the-attitude-of-tribal-woman-towards-reproductive-health/dr-agnes-febiola-x
Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Adult Population at Kal...ijtsrd
Background While death takes you away, your organs can stay and save another life. Organ transplantation is enabling to enhance the quality of life of patients with end stage organ failure. However, all patients suffering from end stage organ failure do not have the equal opportunity for organ transplantation because of lack of donated organs. Aim Objective of the study was to assess and co relate the knowledge and attitude of adults regarding organ donation at Kalyanpuri, East District, Delhi. Methods Community based cross sectional study was conducted during January to February 2020 with 200 samples selected by random sampling technique. Data was collected by administering self structured questionnaire regarding organ donation. Result Result concluded that majority of adults 173 86.5 had inadequate knowledge with unfavourable attitude 182 91 regarding organ donation. Only 27 13.5 adults were having adequate knowledge with favourable attitude 18 9 about organ donation. Positive correlation was found between knowledge and attitude r =0.472 regarding organ donation among adults in the community. Conclusion Majority of population is not aware of organ donation and having unfavourable attitude regarding same. Researcher concluded that knowledge and attitude are positively correlated with each other regarding organ donation in the community. Pooja Rani "Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Adult Population at Kalyanpuri, East District, Delhi" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31750.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/31750/knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-organ-donation-among-adult-population-at-kalyanpuri-east-district-delhi/pooja-rani
In every society in the world, certain level of participation of male in reproductive health exists It depends upon many socio-cultural and value related aspects. In India, situation is different may be because of traditional and cultural aspects. This study is based on empirical field based data, published in Communicator.
To Assess Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Relatives of ...ijtsrd
Introduction Organ donation is the process when a person allows an organ of their own to be removed and transplanted to another person, legally either by consent while the donor is alive or dead. Common transplantations include kidneys, heart, liver, intestine, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin and corneas. Many previous studies have indicated that Knowledge and Attitude plays as significant role in rates of organ donation. As per data given by global observatory on organ donation and Transplantation, globally there were around 1.2 lakh solid organs reported to be transplanted in 2015. This accounts for about 20.65 donations per million populations. It was reported that there was an increase in a trend of organ donation of about 5.8 since 2014.Material and method A quantitative descriptive research approach and design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation among relatives of patients. A total sample of 100 relatives of patients was taken through the non probability purposive sampling technique. Self structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Data collected is analyzed with descriptive statistics.Results Findings of the study revealed that out of 100 relatives of patients, 2 have excellent level of knowledge, 54 have good and 44 have average level of knowledge. Whereas, 21 relatives of patients have favorable attitude and 79 have moderately favorable.Conclusion On the basis of results of data analysis following conclusion was found. The present study revealed that 2 relatives of patients have excellent level of knowledge, 54 have good level of knowledge whereas 44 have average level of knowledge. Regarding attitude, present study revealed that 29 relatives have favorable level of attitude, 71 have moderately favorable level of attitude and no have unfavorable level of attitude. Harpreet Kaur Brar | Mr. Rizwan Khan | Ms. Gurpreet Brar "To Assess Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Organ Donation among Relatives of Patients: A Descriptive Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55105.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/medicine/nursing/55105/to-assess-knowledge-and-attitude-regarding-organ-donation-among-relatives-of-patients-a-descriptive-study/harpreet-kaur-brar
This document summarizes a study on women's perceptions and use of non-permanent contraceptive methods for birth spacing in Uttar Pradesh, India. The study used semi-structured interviews of 42 women to investigate perceptions, enabling factors, and barriers related to injectable contraceptives and IUDs. Key findings included that women had a desire to space births but faced barriers like side effects, son preference, limited mobility and decision making, and religious beliefs prohibiting some methods. Understanding these issues could help develop culturally appropriate family planning programs and policies in the region.
Health Beliefs and Health Seeking Behaviours of Mbororos Communities in Mezam...ijtsrd
The purpose of this study was to investigate how indigenous health beliefs affect health seeking behaviours of the Mbororos in their communities in Mezam Division. The study employed a cross sectional survey research design using explanatory sequential mixed methods. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaire while focus group discussions and interview guides were used to collect qualitative data. Questionnaires were completed by 500 Mbororos selected by simple random sampling while 36 Mbororo leaders and elders and 3 healthcare providers were purposefully selected, making a total of 539 respondents. The data were analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 23.0 for windows where descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean scores and standard deviation were gotten. Equally SPSS was also used for regression analysis and tested the effects between the independent and dependent variables. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis method. The findings showed that Indigenous health belief had a statistically significant effect on health seeking behaviour towards traditional therapy at 1 level p = 0.000 . . On another perspective the qualitative data which complemented the findings showed that indigenous health beliefs had effects on health seeking behaviours towards traditional therapy among the Mbororos. The study supports the notion that the Mbororo communities in Mezam Division and beyond should develop more tolerance for conventional medicine and rush for appropriate diagnosis and treatment before complementing with traditional treatment. Integration of modern and traditional medicine is recommended. In addition the healthcare providers should be accommodating, culturally competent and apply a culturally congruent approach in treatment. Foncham Paul Babila | Einstein Moses Egebe Anyi | Fomba Emmanuel Mbebeb "Health Beliefs and Health Seeking Behaviours of Mbororos Communities in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56359.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/56359/health-beliefs-and-health-seeking-behaviours-of-mbororos-communities-in-mezam-division-of-the-north-west-region-of-cameroon/foncham-paul-babila
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Assess the Knowledge on Hazards of Junk Foods among Adolescentsijtsrd
INTRODUCTIONFood is important for survival. It provides necessary nutrition for the body of the human being. Fast food, which is available readymade and easy to eat is now a day’s an important item of food. It often termed as food away from home FAFH Jahan, et al., 2020 . Junk food was first popularized in 1950s in the United States. The first Junk food restaurants were established in the United States with White Castle in 1916. Now a days McDonald’s, KFC and Pizza Hut are multinational corporations with outlets across the globe. At present fast food restaurants are one of the largest segments of the food industry with over 200,000 restaurants and 120 billion in sales in the U.S. alone10. International chains including McDonald’s and Yum Brands have 65 percent and 50 percent of their sales overseas respectively which indicates that fast food has a great demand all over the worldSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMA study to assess the knowledge on hazards of junk food among adolescents.OBJECTIVESTo assess the level of knowledge regarding hazards of junk food among adolescents.To associate the level of knowledge regarding hazards of junk food among adolescents with their selected demographic variables.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYA descriptive design with simple random research design was used to assess the assess the knowledge on hazards of junk food among adolescents at rural areas After obtaining permission from the Department of Community Heath Nursing, the investigator selected 30 samples by using purposive sampling technique. The samples who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling technique. The purposes of the study to the samples and obtained the written informed consent. The nature and purpose of the study was explained to the women. Questionnaire was used to collect the demographic variables of adolescents.MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY The study shows that 15 50 had moderate level of knowledge, 8 26.67 had inadequate knowledge and 7 23.33 had adequate knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents. The mean score of knowledge score was 8.50±2.86. The median score was 9.0 with minimum score of 4.0 and maximum score 13.0The demographic variable pocket money per month 2=10.243, p=0.037 had shown statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents at p 0.05 level and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding health hazards of the fast food consumption among adolescents.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the study conclude that the adolescents had moderate to inadequate level of knowledge on health hazards of the junk food consumption. The study suggest that health education on consumption of fast food should be imparted to the adolescents at the community and school level. Meena. P | Francis Nath | F. J. David "Assess the Knowledge on Hazards of Junk Foods am
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Selection intensity and its opportunity among Santal women of Keonjhar, Odisha, India
1. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 2015; 1(04): 203-210. 203
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research
ISSN: 2395-3616 (Online)
Journal DOI: 10.7439/ijasr Research Article
Selection intensity and its opportunity among Santal women of
Keonjhar, Odisha, India
Binoy Kumar Kuiti1
, Subal Das2*
and Kaushik Bose3
1Ph.D Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
2Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology and Tribal Development, GGV, Bilaspur, C.G., India
3Professor, Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
*Correspondence Info:
Subal Das
Assistant Professor,
Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University),
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India – 495009
E-mail: dsubalvu@gmail.com ; das_vu@rediffmail.com
Abstract
The present study dealt with the opportunity of natural selection using Crow’s index and Johnston and
Kensinger's Index among Santal women of Keonjhar, Odisha, India. Mortality index (Im), Fertility index (If) and
Total Selection Intensity index (I) were analyzed among the studied population. The Crow’s total index (It)
value was found to be 0.7246. The mortality (Im) component was found to be 0.5385 while the fertility (If)
component was found to be 0.1846. The contribution of fertility component is greater than that of mortality
component among the present studied population using Crow’s index. According to Johnston and Kesinger the
total index (It) was found to be 0.8367. Fertility component was found to be 0.0885, Prenatal mortality
component (Ime) and Postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) where observed to be 0.1356 and 0.1540,
respectively. Therefore, it is clear from the results that prenatal mortality contributes higher than postnatal
mortality for selection. i.e., Johnston and Kesinger’s Index (0.8367) contributes higher for the opportunity of
natural selection than Crow’s Index (0.7246).
Keywords: Selection, fertility, mortality, tribe, prenatal, postnatal.
1. Introduction
Natural selection is one of the principal
driving forces of modern biology and adaptive
evolution. The term was introduced by Darwin in his
book “On the Origin of Species”, in 1859[1].
Scientists define "natural selection" specifically as
"those mechanisms that contribute to the selection of
individuals that reproduce", without regard to
whether the basis of the selection is heritable[2,3].
With the enhancement of overall facilities related to
health, contemporary world is passing through
demographic transitions and it has been characterized
by reduction in mortality and fertility[4].
Anthropologists and sociologists viewed
demographic transitions as an evolutionary puzzle, as
it seems to breach the instinctive wisdom that
developed ecological conditions should enhance
fertility rate[5]. Intra-species competition among
individuals for sexual partners cause diversified
fitness; it is an essential condition of natural selection
to operate evolution[6]. Mating system in any
population can strengthen the sexual selection.
Sexual selection is generated by the high rate of
polygamy (polygyny)[7,8]. Fertility and mortality
define selection intensity of a group and therefore
degree of differences in fertility and mortality is used
to determine the fitness of a population[9].
Differential DNA replication is used as direct
estimate of natural selection in the context of the
ecology where an individual survive, breed and
flourish, but due to the extended life span of human it
is complicated[10]. In any population natural
selection takes place only when variability of this
fitness is present. Reproductive success in humans
depend upon the total number of progeny that parents
contribute to the next generation[11].
Thus, Crow [10] devised an indirect method,
a composite index involving fertility and mortality
parameters for postnatal life and which was later on
improvised by Johnston and Kensinger[12] to
measure the maximum potential rate for prenatal life
2. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /NaturalselectionamongSantalsofOdisha 204
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
of change through differential mortality and fertility.
There was several factors viz., social, cultural,
religious, ethnic, biogenetics and environmental that
leads to differential fertility and mortality among the
populations[13]. Different studies conducted by
scholars in this area of research worldwide including
India have investigated the influence of social and
cultural factors on overall selection intensity[14-25].
Hitherto, very limited studies have been conducted
among the Schedule tribes of Eastern India.
Therefore, the present study aims to reveal the
opportunity for natural selection, affective population
size and variation in reproductive success among the
Santals of Harichandrapur reserved forest area of
Keonjhar District, Odisha, India.
2. Materials and Methods
The data for the present research was
collected by (BK) during 2013, in the village
Golabandha, Harichandrapur block, Keonjhar district,
Odisha. Demographic data were collected from 90
ever married Santal women on fertility (pregnancies,
live birth, no. of children etc.) and mortality (still
birth, child death before 15 years of age etc.).
Keonjhar district lies between 23 1’ North to 23 10’
North latitude and 86 11’ East to 86 23’ East
longitude[26]. Keonjhar is situated 175 km from
Cuttack, a major town of Odisha, India. Out of the
total 41,947,358 population of Odisha, 22.13 % of
the population belongs to scheduled tribes [27].
Santals belong to the Proto-Australoid group with
dark skin colour, sunken nose and lower forehead. It
comprises 1.5% of the total tribal population of
Odisha[27]. All the data were collected after
obtaining the needed approval from the block and
village authorities. Ethical clearance was obtained
from the appropriate authorities prior to the
commencement of the study. Women were informed
about the objectives of our study before the collection
of data. The collected data included age, ethnicity,
sex; the fertility and mortality rates at both prenatal
(total conception, abortions, and stillbirths) and
postnatal stages, using a pre-tested structured
schedule by house-to-house visit following interview.
Opportunity for natural selection was computed using
internationally accepted indirect method of
postnatal[10] and modified formula of Johnston and
Kensinger[12]:
Crow's Index
I= Im + If / Ps
Im = Pd / Ps
Ps = 1-Pd
If = Vf / X2
Where, I = Index of total selection intensity.
Im = Index of selection due to mortality
Pd = Probability of deaths up to Pre-reproductive age
Ps = Probability of survival up to reproductive age
If = Index of selection due to fertility
V = Variance due to fertility
X= Mean number of live births
Johnston and Kensinger's Index
I = Ime + Imc / Pb + If / Pb X Ps
Ime = Ped /Pb
Pb = 1 Ped
Imc = Pd / Ps
Ps = 1 Pd
If = V / X2
Where; I = index of total selection intensity
Ime = index of total selection due to prenatal mortality
Ped = probability to die before birth
Pb = probability to survive till birth
Imc = index of total selection due to postnatal
mortality
Pd = probability to die before reaching reproductive
age
Ps = probability to survive till reproductive age
If = index of total selection due to fertility
V = variance due to fertility
X2
= mean number of children per women
3. Results and Discussion
The parameters used in calculating the total
selection intensity in the study tribal population are
presented in Table 1. It is clear from table that the
average live birth per mother (X) of 40 Years and above is
2.87 whereas the frequency of premature death (Pd)
(those individuals died before 15 years of age) is
0.35.
Table 2 shows the values of the selection
intensity indices. The Crow’s total index value of the
Santal tribe of Golabandha village, Odisha was found
to be 0.7246. The mortality component was 0.5385
while the fertility component was found to be 0.1846.
The percentage of the fertility component was
observed to be 90.70 % while the percentage of
mortality component was 9.30 %. Therefore, in total
index (It) the contribution of fertility component is
greater than that of mortality component among
Santal tribal population. Johnston and Kesinger[12]
have provided the modified formula. According to
this modified formula the total index (It) was found to
be 0.8367. Fertility component was found to be
0.0885, Prenatal mortality component (Ime) and
Postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) where
observed to be 0.1356 and 0.1540, respectively. For
total index (It) of 0.8367, the percentage of fertility
component (79.55 %) exceeds the percentage
prenatal mortality component (12.34 %). Therefore, it
3. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /NaturalselectionamongSantalsofOdisha 205
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
is clear from the results that prenatal mortality
contributes higher than that of postnatal mortality for
selection. i.e., Johnston and Kesinger’s Index
(0.8367) contributes higher for the opportunity of
natural selection than Crow’s Index (0.7246).
Findings of the present studied population
shows that for total index (It) the contribution of
fertility component is more in selection process
(90.70 %) than that of mortality component (9.30 %).
The high pre natal mortality in this studied
community may be due to the poor health and
nutritional status and inadequate prenatal medical
facilities available to them due to their low socio-
economic condition. There were various factors
responsible for child mortality but it greatly depends
upon social status of the family and community,
lower the status, higher will be the incidence of
mortality[28]. Results were also compared (Table 3)
using Crow’s index values with other available
results of fertility and mortality rate among different
tribal women of India in their reproductive age’s
shows disparity with respect to their reproductive
success and biological status for natural selection.
Table 3 also shows the State wise comparison of
mean live birth, mortality Component (Im), fertility
Component (If) and total index (It) of the studied
tribal women of India. It is evident that the highest
number of live birth per mother of 40 Years and
above has been observed among the Jaintias of
Assam (8.10)[29] and lowest among the Sankar
Koch of Meghalaya (2.25)[30]. Highest mortality
Component (Im) was found among Pardhans of
Andhra Pradesh (0.802) (Murthy and Ramesh, 1978)
and lowest among Baiga tribe (0.077) of Madhya
Pradesh[31]. The fertility component (If) was
observed to be highest among Kota I (0.815) of
Tamilnadu [32] and lowest among Bhoska (0.058) of
Uttar Pradesh [33]. It is also clear that total index (It)
was highest among Kota I of Tamilnadu (2.250)[32]
and lowest among Mina’s of Rajasthan (0.265)[34].
While taking percentage of Fertility component,
Santals of West Bengal (80.1)[34] had the highest
and Bhoska of Uttar Pradesh (20.8)[33] had the
lowest . On the other hand percentage of mortality
component showed that Bhoska of Uttar Pradesh
(79.2) Garg et.al.[33] had the highest value and
Santal’s of West Bengal (19.9)[34] had the least.
Table 1: Parameters used for calculating the total selection intensity among Santals of Golabandha
village, Odisha, India
Parameter Santal
Number of women aged 40 years and above 90
Number of reported pregnancies 296
Number of, live births 258
Number of survivors children 234
Proportion of survivors to births (Pb) 0.8805
Proportion of child birth i.e. death before 15 Years of age (Pd) 0.35
Proportion of embryonic death (Ped) 0.1194
Mean number of live birth per mother of 40 Years and above (X) 2.87
Total breeding population size (N) 293
Effective population size(Ne) 371
Number of male aged between 18-59 years 138
Number of female aged between 15-45 years 155
Total population size 496
Table 2: Selection Intensity Index among Santals of Golabandha village, Odisha, India
Selection Component Values of Santal
Crow’s Index
Mortality Component (Im) 0.5385
Fertility Component (If/Ps) 0.1846
Total Index (It) 0.7246
% of fertility component 90.70
% of mortality component 09.30
Johnston and Kesinger’s Index
Prenatal mortality component (Ime) 0.1356
Postnatal mortality component (Ime/Pb) 0.1540
Fertility component (If/Pb.Ps) 0.0885
Total Index (It) 0.8367
% of fertility component 79.55
% of prenatal mortality component 12.34
% of postnatal mortality component 08.11
5. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /NaturalselectionamongSantalsofOdisha 207
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
Figure 1 (a & b): Comparison of fertility component (%) of tribes of 14 States of India.
6. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /NaturalselectionamongSantalsofOdisha 208
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
Figure 2 (a & b): Comparison of mortality component (%) of tribes of 14 States of India.
4. Conclusion
It has been concluded that on an average
mortality index (Im) is relatively higher as compared
to the overall fertility index (If) among the present
study population. Marked decline in the mortality
index has been observed in general population in our
country due to the better socio-economic
development in last few decades, but on the other
hand underprivileged section (tribal’s) are still facing
the problems of booming in their number due to
health factor and other living conditions. Thus, health
related awareness programme should be organized
among such populations under consideration to
overcome with reproduction related problems.
Acknowledgements
All authors acknowledge their sincere
thanks to the villagers where this research was
conducted in Orissa. We are grateful to village head,
Panchayat head and others involved directly or
indirectly with this study.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jaintias Sonowai
Kachari
Naika Kinnaura Tibetan Bodh Baiga Gond Hajongs Sankar
Koch
Assam Gujarat Himachal
Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir Madhya Pradesh Meghalaya
Figure 2 (a) State (Tribes)
MortalityComponent(%)
7. Binoy Kumar Kuiti et al /NaturalselectionamongSantalsofOdisha 209
IJASR|VOL 01|ISSUE 04|2015 www.ssjournals.com
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflict of interests.
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