- The document provides a detailed timeline of the origins and evolution of the universe, Earth, life, and humans from the Big Bang 13 billion years ago to the earliest humans 7 million years ago. - It describes how stars and galaxies formed after the Big Bang, the formation of the solar system and Earth 4.6 billion years ago, the emergence of early life 3.8 billion years ago and multicellular life 600 million years ago. - It then outlines the evolution of land animals, dinosaurs, mammals after the dinosaurs went extinct, early primates 7 million years ago, the first hominids able to walk upright also 7 million years ago, and various hominid species like Homo habilis

1. Humans in the Universe 13 Billion – 200,000 Years Ago Big Era One

2. Welcome, fellow time travelers! Me llamo “Mundo!” Nice to make your acquaintance. I don’t know how you found me, but I think you’ll be glad you did. Since you’re here and so am I, let’s take a little trip, huh?

3. I’m glad you’re here! People have been kind of ignoring me lately, so I’ve been thinking a lot and wanted to share this story I’ve been writing. It’s about me, of course (it’s my story, right?), but it’s about you, too... Let me start with a couple of questions I’ve been thinking about...

4. Where did our Earth come from? How did the universe come to be? How & when did we humans appear on Earth?

5. Deep questions, huh? Yeah, but I’m not the only one asking them...

7. Scientists offer a different explanation, based on evidence gathered from sources on earth and in space. Here’s what they might say: Long ago, there was no time... There was no space... But 13 billion years ago... things changed.

8. BANG!

9. Where there had been nothing, now there was everything. The whole universe – tiny, and fantastically hot. For an instant, it expanded faster than the speed of light. Then it slowed down but kept expanding, as it still is.

10. As the universe cooled down, clouds of hydrogen and helium gas began to gather together, their centers getting hotter and hotter. Big Bang 13 bil yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Eras 2-9

11. And when they were hot enough, the hydrogen atoms began to fuse together with the power of millions of hydrogen bombs.

12. STARS WERE BORN!

13. They clustered together in vast galaxies, each containing billions of these new stars. I can’t see us yet... Stars & Galaxies 12 bil yrs ago Big Bang 13 bil yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Eras 2-9 Big Era 1 Big Era 1

14. Four and a half billion years ago – when the universe was already two-thirds as old as it is today – a star was born near the edge of a galaxy we call the Milky Way: OUR SUN! Our Sun & Planets 4.6 bil yrs ago Big Bang 13 bil yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Eras 2-9 Stars & Galaxies 12 bil yrs ago

15. Around the sun, wisps of matter were drawn together by the forces of gravity to create the planets of our solar system…

16. … Including the third rock from the sun: OUR EARTH! What a cute baby, huh?

17. The early earth was incredibly HOT . Heavier metals melted and sank to the center, lighter metals rose to the surface, and gases bubbled up to make the earth’s first atmosphere. Anybody got something for a stomach ache?

18. By four billion years ago, the earth had cooled enough for water to condense into oceans. And so the earth turned blue. The surface hardened into thin “plates” floating on the molten materials underneath. Those “plates” float on the surface to this day, constantly changing the landscapes and weather patterns on the earth’s surface.

19. Where the plates collided, great mountains were formed...

20. ...and where they tore apart, melted rock poured out from under the surface.

21. Deep within the newly formed oceans, complex chemicals were created using volcanic heat for energy. Some of these chemicals became so highly organized that they formed cells – the first LIFE ON EARTH ! First Life 3.8 bil yrs ago Big Bang 13 bil yrs ago Big Era 1 Big Eras 2-9 Our Sun & Planets 4.6 bil yrs ago Stars & Galaxies 12 bil yrs ago

22. Living organisms changed the atmosphere, adding oxygen. Cells developed that could “breathe” oxygen...

23. ...and, about 600 million years ago, the first multi-cellular organisms arose in the earth’s oceans. Big Era 1 3.8 bil yrs ago First Life Big Bang 13 bil yrs ago Our Sun & Planets 4.6 bil yrs ago Stars & Galaxies 12 bil yrs ago Multi-Celled Organisms 600m yrs ago Big Eras 2-9

24. The first animals appeared not too long after!

25. After a while, some animals moved out of the oceans and onto the land. First Life on Land 400m yrs ago First Life 3.8 bil yrs ago 250k yrs ago Today Scale of Life on Earth Big Eras 2-9 Multi-Celled Organisms 600m yrs ago

26. Dinosaurs were the most successful of the early land animals... First Dinosaurs 220m yrs ago First Life on Land 400m yrs ago 250k yrs ago Today Scale of Life on Land Big Eras 2-9

27. ...but about 65 million years ago, a giant meteor came crashing down to earth... ...and the dinosaurs were no more! Dinosaurs Disappear 67m yrs ago First Dinosaurs 220m yrs ago First Life on Land 400m yrs ago 250k yrs ago Today Scale of Life on Land Big Eras 2-9

28. MAMMALS! This left a new class of animals dominant on the land.

30. Then, about 7 million years ago in Africa, a branch of those primates became the first to stand upright. These were the first HOMINIDS . Different hominids lived on earth over the next 7 million years, some at the same time as others, but only one survives to this day... US!!!

31. First Hominids 7m yrs ago The earliest hominids lived in small, family-sized groups. They gathered plants, insects, and small animals, and they occasionally scavenged the meat of larger animals killed by predators. Dinosaurs Disappear 67m yrs ago 250k yrs ago Today Scale of Life after the Dinosaurs Big Eras 2-9

32. 4 – 1.5m yrs ago Australopithecines 7m yrs ago First Hominids 250k yrs ago Today The first hominids had brains about the size of a modern chimp’s. Over time, new species developed ever-larger brains, and they began to make more and more complex tools. The Australopithecines likely used sharp sticks to dig for food... Big Eras 2-9

33. Homo habilis 2.4 – 1.6m yrs ago 250k yrs ago Today 4m yrs ago Australopithecines 1.5m yrs ago Big Eras 2-9 ...while Homo habilis hominids , a later species, were able to make stone tools. They chipped ‘flakes’ of stone from large rocks and used those flakes as knives. They also used the leftover ‘core’ to scrape out hides and do other jobs.

34. 250k yrs ago Today 4m yrs ago Australopithecines 1.5m yrs ago Homo habilis 2.4m yrs ago 1.6m yrs ago Big Eras 2-9 Homo erectus hominids , which lived on Earth for almost two million years, were probably the first ones who could control and use fire. They were also the first to leave Africa. Their fossils have been found as far away as China and Java (in modern Indonesia). Homo erectus 1.8m – 27k yrs ago

35. Social relationships among our ancestors were complex. Like modern chimpanzees, early hominids must have been quite clever, with a great deal of social cooperation and group politics. They cared for each other, especially their children. WOW! These early ancestors of ours sound a lot like us!

36. Well, in some ways that’s true – but this species was different in many other respects from our species. We have no evidence, for example, that they had art, religion, or language. ART RELIGION LANGUAGE

37. So, what’s so special about us? What makes us HUMAN, and how did we BECOME human?

38. End of Big Era One Well, you’ll just have to wait for BIG ERA TWO to get the answer to those questions!