"Beyond Lithium-Ion: The Promise and Pitfalls of BYD's Blade Batteries for Electric Vehicles" is a review paper published in The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023). To read the full short review paper go through the ResearchGate account below: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md-Rahaman-106

1. Md. Faishal Rahaman
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology,
Beijing, 100811, China.
The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
1. School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
2. School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
3. Department of Hydrogen Technology, TH Rosenheim, Rosenheim, Germany
4. School of Electronic and Information, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China
5. School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, China
6. School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
7. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Beyond Lithium-Ion:
The Promise and Pitfalls of BYD's
Blade Batteries for Electric Vehicles
𝑺𝒂𝒌𝒊𝒃 𝑯𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒏𝟏
, 𝑴𝒅. 𝑺𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝑰𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒎𝟐
, 𝑺. 𝑴. 𝑨𝒃𝒖𝒍 𝑩𝒂𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒓𝟑
, 𝑨𝒃𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝑨𝒍 𝑵𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏 𝑻𝒂𝒎𝒛𝒊𝒅𝟒
, 𝑹𝒊𝒇𝒂𝒕𝒉 𝑩𝒊𝒏 𝑯𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒊𝒏𝟓
,
𝑴𝒅 𝑨𝒉𝒔𝒂𝒏𝒖𝒍 𝑯𝒂𝒒𝒖𝒆𝟔
& 𝑴𝒅. 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒏𝟕∗

2. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
List
of
Contents
2

3. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Introduction..
3
Source: Miao Y. et. al, Energies, 2019
Figure: Performance of various battery model.

4. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Introduction
4
Source: Will electric vehicles really create a cleaner planet? | Thomson Reuters
Figure: Types of Electric Vehicle

5. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Introduction
5
EV
Cost
Effectiveness
Reduce
Pollution
Energy
Independent
Cheaper
Maintenance
Figure: Efficiency of Electrical Vehicle

6. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Introduction
6
Electric vehicle battery causes fire at Sydney Airport, destroys five cars - ABC News
A Review of Battery Fires in Electric Vehicles | Fire Technology (springer.com)
Figure: Accidents in Electric vehicles

7. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Research of Battery Technology
7
1. Evolution of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
2. Cathode Development Challenges
3. Cobalt Oxide in Automotive Applications
4. Reduce Cobalt Concentration
5. Development Paths in Cell Chemistry
6. Li Metal Anode Enhancement

8. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
8
The Blade battery, developed by BYD, is known for its
unique design, longer lifespan, higher energy density, and
enhanced safety. It features stacked LFP sheets, offering a
longer driving range and a lifespan of up to 1.2 million
kilometers. Its safety features, like thermal management
and prevention of thermal runaway, make it an attractive
option for electric vehicles.

9. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
9
Design Performance Safety Cost
Capacity 202Ah
Normal Voltage 3.2V
Max. Charging Voltage 3.65V
Energy 646.4 Wh
Length 905mm
Height 118mm
Depth 13.5mm
Volume 1.442L
Volumetric Energy Density 448 Wh/L
Gravimetric Energy Density 448 Wh/L
Chemistry LiFePO𝟒
Figure: Aspects of BYD Blade Battery

10. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
10
Design
The Blade battery's unique design replaces traditional
cylindrical or prismatic battery cells with stacked thin
lithium iron phosphate (LFP) sheets. These sheets are
arranged like a book and placed in a rectangular metal case
with an electrolyte solution. This design offers advantages,
including a more compact and efficient battery shape that
can be seamlessly integrated into electric vehicles for
optimal space utilization. The Blade battery's stacked design
improves thermal stability, reduces the risk of overheating,
and allows for flexible design. It also includes safety features
like a thermal management system and a safer electrolyte.
These qualities make it an appealing choice for electric
vehicles.
Figure: Design of BYD Blade Battery

11. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
11
Performance
•The Blade Battery boasts a higher energy density compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, storing more energy in a smaller space.
Higher Energy Density
•With a driving range of up to 600 kilometres on a single charge, the Blade Battery addresses a crucial concern in the electric vehicle market, offering practical and convenient daily use.
Extended Driving Range
•The Blade Battery stands out with a lifespan of up to 1.2 million kilometres, significantly exceeding the lifespan of conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Longer Lifespan
•The Blade Battery demonstrates enhanced thermal stability, reducing the risk of catching fire, and is designed to maintain performance even in extreme temperatures.
Thermal Stability and Safety
•A notable advantage is the faster charging time, allowing the battery to reach 80% capacity in just 30 minutes, providing convenience for electric vehicle owners.
Faster Charging
•The unique design and thermal management system of the Blade Battery ensure reliable performance in extreme temperatures, addressing common issues faced by traditional lithium-ion batteries.
Temperature control

12. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
12
Safety
NMC Battery Regular LFP Battery Blade Battery
Figure: Nail Penetration Testing of NMC, Regular LFP and The Blade Battery

13. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
13
Safety
Enhanced
Thermal Stability
•The Blade Battery
exhibits superior
thermal stability,
reducing the risk of
overheating and
thermal runaway,
common concerns
in traditional
lithium-ion
batteries
1.Stacked Design
for Stress
Reduction
•Its unique stacked
design minimizes
stress on battery
cells, contributing
to improved
thermal stability
and making it less
prone to
overheating during
operation.
Built-in Thermal
Management
System
•The Blade Battery
incorporates a
built-in thermal
management
system, preventing
overheating and
regulating
temperature to
ensure safe
operating
conditions.
Prevention of
Thermal
Runaway
•The battery design
includes measures
to prevent thermal
runaway, a leading
cause of battery
fires in traditional
lithium-ion
batteries
Unique
Electrolyte
Solution
•The Blade Battery
utilizes an
electrolyte solution
that is less volatile
compared to
conventional
electrolytes,
reducing the risk of
fires and
enhancing overall
safety
Battery
Management
System (BMS)
•A robust Battery
Management
System monitors
performance,
temperature, and
detects
abnormalities,
allowing the system
to shut down if
necessary,
preventing
overcharging,
over-discharging,
and short circuit.
Rigorous Safety
Testing
•The Blade Battery
undergoes
thorough safety
testing, including
impact, crush, and
penetration
resistance tests,
meeting the highest
safety standards to
ensure reliability
for electric vehicle
manufacturers and
consumers.
High Safety
Level in Nail
Penetration Test
•The Blade Battery
demonstrates a
high level of safety
in the nail
penetration test, a
critical evaluation
where safety valves
release electrolytes
and gas to prevent
explosions.

14. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
BYD Blade Battery
14
Cost
Cost
Factors
LFP
Chemistry
Lower
Operating
Costs
Battery
Design
Efficiency
Competitive
Pricing
Alignment
with Subsidy
Policies
Energy
Density
Qualification
Reserved
Annual
Capacity
Market
Competitiveness

15. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Discussion
15
Future Scopes for Co operative research opportunities with NMC, LFP and other batteries with BYD Blade Battery
•Collaborative Safety Studies:
• Comparative safety studies between NMC, LFP, and emerging technologies.
•Energy Density Enhancement:
• Cooperative efforts to enhance the energy density of LFP batteries.
•Exploration of Emerging Technologies:
• Joint research into the commercial viability of emerging battery technologies.
•Optimization of Manufacturing Processes:
• Collaborative initiatives for optimizing manufacturing processes for cost efficiency.
•Market Adoption Studies:
• Analysis of market adoption patterns to guide the development of future technologies.
•Environmental Impact Assessment:
• Joint efforts to assess and mitigate the environmental impact of battery technologies.

16. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Discussion
16
Future Research Scopes on BYD Blade battery Development
1. Durability Studies
2. Environmental Analysis
3. Market Competitiveness
4. Economic Feasibility
5. Safety Protocols

17. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023)
Conclusion
17
The BYD Blade Battery stands as a transformative
force in the EV market, surpassing traditional
lithium-ion batteries in energy density, lifespan, and
safety. While currently limited to China, its potential
to set a global standard is evident. Yet, being in early
stages, comprehensive studies on durability,
scalability, and safety are crucial. In conclusion, the
Blade Battery marks a paradigm shift in EV battery
technology with its design ingenuity and
performance metrics, positioning it as a leader in the
next-gen EV battery race.
BYD Blade
Battery

18. The International Conference on Energy and Green Computing (ICEGC’ 2023) 18
Md. Faishal Rahaman
School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of
Technology, Beijing, 100811, China.
Email: faishalrahaman@gmail.com;
faishalrahaman@bit.edu.cn