Marathas had an ambition of establishing an all-Indian empire replacing Mughals and becoming a powerful state. But the battle of Panipat altered their fate in the opposite direction. But still, Marathas were tough opponents for the British to bring them to halt in a war which made them go for peace. They played a major role in delaying the English from becoming an all India power. For more Notes: www.upscstaticnotes.com

1. British Expansion
Carnatic Wars
UPSC STATIC NOTES
MARATHAS

2. ● 1674 - Shivaji died and was succeeded by his son
sambhaji.
● 1688 - He was killed and his son Sahu was taken,
prisoner.
● 1707 - After the death of Aurangzeb Sahu was released.
● A civil war started between Sahu and Tarabai.
● Balaji Vishwanath supported Sahu in the Battle of Khed
and Sahu won the battle.
Marathas

3. 1. He was a Konkani brahmin, who worked in the revenue
department.
2. He was famously known as Sena Karte(organizer of the army).
3. He maintained a friendly relationship with the Sayyid brothers.
4. He made peshwaship hereditary.
5. He died in 1720 and was succeeded by his son Baji Rao 1
Balaji Vishwanath

4. 1. He had the idea of establishing a Hindu-pad-padshali (Hindu
empire).
2. He maintained friendly relations with other Hindu kingdoms and
expanded the territory at the cost of neighboring Islamic territories.
3. In 1740 he was succeeded by his son Balaji Baji Rao.
Baji Rao 1

5. 1. He was talented but less energetic than his father.
2. He abandoned the concept of Hindu-pad-padshali and adopted the
concept of the Maratha empire.
3. He followed a policy of Cuttack to Attock.
4. During his period the Maratha empire reached its zenith.
5. He was known for following benevolent policy toward the poor. hence
he was known as Nana Saheb.
6. He introduced two important changes into the military
a. He abanded Guerilla warfare and adopted open battle warfare.
b. He introduced non-Maratha mercenaries into the Maratha army.
Balaji Baji Rao

6. ● The Bombay government of British had an ambition to an expansion of territories like Bengal
and madras.
● Political intrigues in Maratha's powers.
● Ragunath Rao killed Peshwa and went to the British for help.
● In 1775- the British signed the Treaty of Surat with Raghunath Rao and entered the war
against Marathas.
● But warren hastings questioned the authority of the Bombay government to initiate the war.
● He ordered to end of the war and the subsequent Treaty of Purandhar was signed and
accepted Sawai Madhav Rao as the new Peshwa.
● In the year 1776, the American revolution started so warren hastings decided to restart the
war.
● But when the situation returned to normal in warren hastings decide to end the war by signing
the treaty of Salbai.
First Anglo Maratha War 1775-1782

7. 1. Causes
a. Political intrigues among Maratha sardars to make peshwa their
puppet.
b. Lord Wellesley was determined to bring Britsh paramountcy in India.
c. Jaswant Rao Holkar was successful and made Peshwa a puppet.
d. He appointed Vithuji to check Peshwa Baji Rao 2.
e. Baji Rao killed Vithuji and requested the support of the British.
2. Lord Wellesley signed the Treaty of bassein subsidiary alliance treaty.
3. British defeated every sardars individually.
Second Anglo Maratha War 1802-1805

8. 1. Causes
a. Increasing political intrigues among Marathas.
b. Problems of Pindaris - British claimed Daulat Rao sindia was teh head of
pindaris.
2. Balaji Baji Rao 2 expelled Britsh residents and readied the banner of revolt.
3. Other sardars joined the Peshwa and it became a national uprising with an
objective to overthrow British rule.
4. 1819 - British successfully defeated the Marathas. Lord Hastings abolished the
post of peshwaship and balaji baji Rao became a pensioner of EIC.
5. Most of the territories were taken by the British ad Maratha sardars were allowed
to rule only the capital cities.
6. The throne of Satara was given to the original heir of Shivaji.
Third Anglo Maratha War 1816-1819

9. Continued…..
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