Behaviorism is a psychological theory that focuses on observable behaviors and discounts internal mental states. Some key points: - Behavior is determined by one's environment rather than free will. - It is concerned with observable and measurable behaviors and how they are shaped by stimuli in the environment through classical conditioning (as in Pavlov's dogs) or operant conditioning (as in Skinner's experiments with reward/punishment). - Behaviorism influenced education by advocating rewarding desirable behaviors and discouraging undesirable ones to teach students proper conduct.