Mobile IxD Design
   Workshop


  Web2.0Expo SF March 31, 2009
   Kim Lenox — kimlenox@mac.com
March 31st

1:00   Understanding Mobile Behaviors

1:30   Activity — ink like a Mobile Designer

2:15   Break

2:30   Mobile IxD Design Essentials

3:00   Activity — Design a Mobile Product
“In 2006, total worldwide mobile
 subscriber base grew from 2.1
 billion to 2.7 billion.”*
                                           — Tomi T. Ahonen




*This is before the first iPhone launch.
“...more people now access the web
 via mobile phones than via PC in
 China, Japan and South Korea...”
                      — Tomi T. Ahonen
Leveraging What
You Already Know
Mobile 2009 = Internet 1999




                In Your Face e Best of Interactive Design (1996)
Understanding
Mobile Behaviors
Mobile Information
                           Ecologies
                          Context of use

                          Different paces of user interaction

                          Network availability, processing power
                          & hard drive capacity

                          How it interacts with physical resources
                          (Bluetooth, RFID)

                          How it interacts with other devices


Adapted from Mobile Interaction Design, Matt Jones & Gary Marsden, 2006
Context
Context
“Life is Mobile”

“Our research shows users want
 custom content that enables
 a mobile lifestyle, where their
 content and their entertainment
 move with them.”
                 — Ken Olewiler, Punchcut
Part of Daily Life
Different Paces of
                               User Interaction




http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexbct/3032093071/




                                                  http://www.flickr.com/photos/28343258@N06/3220081887/
Continuous
          Partial Attention

Design for
1 minute tasks

Shallow, quick access
navigation

Auto saving data




                          http://www.flickr.com/photos/carbonnyc/2591454436/
Empty Moments

“...the mobile internet strength lies
 in doing small tasks in idle time.”

                       — Christian Lindholm,
         Interaction Designer for Nokia’s Lifeblog
Snacking, not a meal




http://www.flickr.com/photos/nicmcphee/111606277/
Network, Power, Capacity

What’s your product experience
online and offline?

Gracefully handle poor
connectivity

Caching certain content locally
on the device

Download updates behind the
scenes

Don’t be a battery hog
Linking
Physical & Virtual Worlds
   LifeScan iPhone Diabetes Monitor
Interacting with
 Other Systems
Samsung’s Mobile LifeDiary
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                     Other Systems        05   Concept Ideation                                                             08 2006


Concepts The Current Ecosystem      Content Ecosystem circa 2006
                                                                     Content

                      - Phone Calls -                                     - Email -                                          - Email -
                            - SMS -                                - Photos/Videos -                               - websites (General) -
                    - Photos/Videos -                                - Phone Book -                               - websites (Personal) -
                      - Phone Book -                                   - Calendar -                                   - Photos/Videos -
                        - Calendar -                                        - IM -                                       - Apps/Tools -
                  - Music/Ringtones -                            - Music/Ringtones -                                - Music/Ringtones -
                              - IM -                                     - Notes -                                      - Phone Book -
                          - Games -                                     - Storage -                                       - Calendar -
                           - Email -                                  - Apps/Tools -                                        - Games -
     - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -                                                                           - Storage -
                           - Notes -
                         - Storage -



                                                                                       Publish


                                                                                                                   Web              Web
                                                                                                        Publish   Carrier          Social



                    Mobile Phone                   Sync                 PC                                         Web             Web
                                                                                                 Sync             Storage          Tools


                          View                                          View                                                View


                      Create/Edit                                   Create/Edit                                        Create/Edit


                        Manage                                        Manage                                             Manage



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                                                                    53
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                     Other Systems05   Concept Ideation                                                 08 2006


Concept A PC as Epicenter           Content Ecosystem Concept
                                                               Content

                                                                - Phone Calls -
                                                                      - SMS -
                                                              - Photos/Videos -
                                                                - Phone Book -
                                                                  - Calendar -
                                                            - Music/Ringtones -
                                                                        - IM -
                                                                    - Games -
                                                                     - Email -
                                               - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                                                                     - Notes -
                                                                   - Storage -

                                                                 Publish




                                                                                                Publish



                    Mobile Phone        Sync                      PC                         Sync         Samsung Web



                          View                                   View                                        View


                      Create/Edit                             Create/Edit


                                                                Manage



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                                                55
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                 Other Systems   05   Concept Ideation                             08 2006


                                Content Ecosystem Concept
Concept B Samsung Web as Epicenter

                                                             Content

                                                              - Phone Calls -
                                                                    - SMS -
                                                            - Photos/Videos -
                                                              - Phone Book -
                                                                - Calendar -
                                                          - Music/Ringtones -
                                                                      - IM -
                                                                  - Games -
                                                                   - Email -
                                             - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                                                                   - Notes -
                                                                 - Storage -




                                                              Publish




                                  Mobile Phone                 Sync                 Samsung Web



                                      View                                                 View


                                   Create/Edit                                       Create/Edit


                                                                                       Manage



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                           57
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                     Other Systems        05   Concept Ideation                                                       08 2006


Concept E Moblog to Samsung Web     Content Ecosystem Concept
                                                                     Content

                      - Phone Calls -                                                         - Photos/Videos -
                            - SMS -                                                         - Music/Ringtones -
                    - Photos/Videos -                                          - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                      - Phone Book -                                                              - Notes -
                        - Calendar -
                  - Music/Ringtones -
                              - IM -
                          - Games -
                           - Email -
     - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                           - Notes -
                                                                       Publish
                         - Storage -




                                                                                                        Publish



                    Mobile Phone                   Sync                 PC                         Sync               Samsung Web



                          View                                          View                                                 View


                      Create/Edit                                   Create/Edit                                         Create/Edit


                        Manage                                  Manage (Lite Version)



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                                                              63
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                     Other Systems        05   Concept Ideation                                        08 2006


                                    Content Ecosystem Concept
Concept D PC as Epicenter, Moblog with Partners

                                                                     Content

                      - Phone Calls -                                     - Email -                - Photos/Videos -
                            - SMS -                                - Photos/Videos -             - Music/Ringtones -
                    - Photos/Videos -                                - Phone Book -                    - Notes -
                      - Phone Book -                                   - Calendar -
                        - Calendar -                                        - IM -
                  - Music/Ringtones -                            - Music/Ringtones -
                              - IM -                                     - Notes -
                          - Games -                                     - Storage -
                           - Email -                                  - Apps/Tools -
     - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                           - Notes -
                                                                       Publish
                         - Storage -




                                                                                                    Web
                                                                                                   Partner

                                                                                                                   Web
                                                                                                                  Partner
                                                                                       Publish

                    Mobile Phone                   Sync                 PC


                                                                                                                    Web
                                                                                                                   Partner
                          View                                          View


                      Create/Edit                                   Create/Edit                      Web
                                                                                                    Partner

                                                                      Manage                            View



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                                                61
Interacting with
PH1 Mobile LifeDiary 2006
                                     Other Systems        05   Concept Ideation                                        08 2006


Concept C Web Partners              Content Ecosystem Concept
                                                                     Content

                      - Phone Calls -                                                      - Email -
                            - SMS -                                                 - Photos/Videos -
                    - Photos/Videos -                                                 - Phone Book -
                      - Phone Book -                                                    - Calendar -
                        - Calendar -                                                         - IM -
                  - Music/Ringtones -                                             - Music/Ringtones -
                              - IM -                                                      - Notes -
                          - Games -                                                      - Storage -
                           - Email -                                                   - Apps/Tools -
     - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) -
                           - Notes -
                                                                       Publish
                         - Storage -




                                                                                                         Web
                                                                                                        Partner

                                                                                                                    Web
                                                                                                                   Partner
                                                                                       Publish


                    Mobile Phone                   Sync                PC


                                                                                                                    Web
                                                                                                                   Partner
                          View                                         View


                      Create/Edit                                   Create/Edit                           Web
                                                                                                         Partner

                                                                     Manage                                 View



August 25, 2006 | Confidential                                                                                                59
Q&A
Activity
Think Like a Mobile Designer
Break
Mobile IxD Essentials
Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem
                                           Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem



                                    brew     browsers                     applications
   platforms                                                        widgets   and
                             j2me
                                                gestures                    services
             windows
                                                        ethnography                startups
                            android
              mobile
                                                user    social media
            blackberry
                            linux
                                             experience
                                      iphone
                         symbian                                    observation
                                                  the internet of
            sensoring                                 things
                            new mobile                                               music
                           environments                             video
                                       NFC

      devices                                    RFID                             content
                                                                    games
© dotopen                                      http://dotopen.eu
Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize

    Miniaturizing “treats the mobile
    environment and technology as a
    subset of the desktop environment.”

                                                              — Barbara Ballard




Designing the Mobile User Experience, Barbara Ballard, 2007
Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize

    Mobilizing, on the other hand,
    “precisely targets mobile user
    needs, making [the] best possible
    use of technology.”
                                                              — Barbara Ballard




Designing the Mobile User Experience, Barbara Ballard, 2007
Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize

   “Contextual user tasks, not the
    existing website, determine the
    content, architecture, and user
    experience of the mobilized site.”
                                               — Cameron Moll




Mobile Web Design, Cameron Moll, 2005 & 2009
Wikipedia
Mobile Design Process

              observing

 concepting               evaluating


sketching                    prototyping


wireframing           storyboarding
Prototype, Prototype, Prototype!
(problems with)
Usability Testing




             http://www.flickr.com/photos/rachelcreative/2664091856/
interaction
           methods
           (devices)




content                 navigation
 design                   design
Which Devices?

“All phones are not created
equally, but all phones are
equally valid.”
                        — Barbara Ballard




                       http://www.flickr.com/photos/gaetanlee/118885175/
Interaction Methods

5-ways & scroll wheels

    Always has a focus

    Challenging for
    long lists

    Use paging
    shortcut keys

    Context menu
    & soft keys
Interaction Methods

5-ways & scroll wheels

    Always has a focus

    Challenging for
    long lists

    Use paging
    shortcut keys

    Context menu
    & soft keys
Interaction Methods

       Fingers & styli

               capacitive

               resistive

               touch targets*

               iceberg tips

               adaptive targets

*target = (target size in inches) × (screen width in pixels) / (screen width in inches)
Designing Gestural Interfaces, Dan Saffer, 2008
Interaction Methods

       Fingers & styli

               capacitive

               resistive

               touch targets*

               iceberg tips

               adaptive targets

*target = (target size in inches) × (screen width in pixels) / (screen width in inches)
Designing Gestural Interfaces, Dan Saffer, 2008
How to Design for Both?

Simplified IA

Bigger hit states

Screen percentages,
not pixel perfect

Don’t use Fireworks,
use vector tool
of choice
Navigation & Content Design

 Menus - icon grid, list, tabs, toolbar or carousel?
 Information architecture

      Shallow vs. deep navigation
      Content vs. action/task

 Sense of place

      Breadcrumbs, previous, back, transitions
 Keep it simple

 Robust search
Menus
Information Architecture

Shallow vs. deep navigation
Information Architecture

Content vs. action/task
Information Architecture

Content vs. action/task
Sense of Place
Transitions

4 edges, z-order, flip

Breadcrumbs or previous

Back button (5-way)
Visual vs Text
for pattern recognition
Keep it Simple
Robust Search
Q&A
Activity
Design a Mobile Product
References & Resources
References
Tomi T. Ahonen, http://www.tomiahonen.com/
     http://communities-dominate.blogs.com/brands/2007/01/putting_27_bill.html
Matt Jones & Gary Marsden, (2006) Mobile Interaction Design
DotOpen, Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem http://dotopen.eu
Barbara Ballard, (2007) Designing the Mobile User Experience
Cameron Moll, (2005 & 2009) Mobile Web Design
Rachel Hinman, Mirjana Spasojevic, Pekka Isomursu, PC Internet Deprivation Study
     http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1358628.1358652
Dan Saffer, (2008) Designing Gestural Interfaces
Resources
http://library.ixda.org/ - Look for Jenifer Tidwell’s talk on Mobile Design Patterns
http://www.squidoo.com/mobiledesign
http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?450 - mobile book list
http://flingmedia.com/ http://www.mobiledesign.org/
http://www.mobilemonday.net/
http://mobiforge.com/Designing
http://www.littlespringsdesign.com/ http://design4mobile.mobi/
http://phonegap.com/
http://www.adaptivepath.com/blog/#thelist
http://mobili.st/ http://dev.mobi
Thank you
Kim Lenox — kimlenox@mac.com
Photo Credits
Context slide
Men on boat http://www.flickr.com/photos/dnevill/2818839015/
Underground http://www.flickr.com/photos/e01/2656058861/
Stalls http://www.flickr.com/photos/iconeon/445984637/
Bus http://www.flickr.com/photos/seattlemunicipalarchives/2851696370/
Man with mobile http://www.flickr.com/photos/bobcatrock/293410753/
Mall http://www.flickr.com/photos/waterwin/603449470/

Be A Mobile Design Hero: Transform Your Web Design Knowledge Into Mobile Design Skills Presentation

  • 1.
    Mobile IxD Design Workshop Web2.0Expo SF March 31, 2009 Kim Lenox — kimlenox@mac.com
  • 2.
    March 31st 1:00 Understanding Mobile Behaviors 1:30 Activity — ink like a Mobile Designer 2:15 Break 2:30 Mobile IxD Design Essentials 3:00 Activity — Design a Mobile Product
  • 3.
    “In 2006, totalworldwide mobile subscriber base grew from 2.1 billion to 2.7 billion.”* — Tomi T. Ahonen *This is before the first iPhone launch.
  • 4.
    “...more people nowaccess the web via mobile phones than via PC in China, Japan and South Korea...” — Tomi T. Ahonen
  • 5.
  • 6.
    Mobile 2009 =Internet 1999 In Your Face e Best of Interactive Design (1996)
  • 7.
  • 8.
    Mobile Information Ecologies Context of use Different paces of user interaction Network availability, processing power & hard drive capacity How it interacts with physical resources (Bluetooth, RFID) How it interacts with other devices Adapted from Mobile Interaction Design, Matt Jones & Gary Marsden, 2006
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
    “Life is Mobile” “Ourresearch shows users want custom content that enables a mobile lifestyle, where their content and their entertainment move with them.” — Ken Olewiler, Punchcut
  • 12.
  • 13.
    Different Paces of User Interaction http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexbct/3032093071/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/28343258@N06/3220081887/
  • 14.
    Continuous Partial Attention Design for 1 minute tasks Shallow, quick access navigation Auto saving data http://www.flickr.com/photos/carbonnyc/2591454436/
  • 15.
    Empty Moments “...the mobileinternet strength lies in doing small tasks in idle time.” — Christian Lindholm, Interaction Designer for Nokia’s Lifeblog
  • 16.
    Snacking, not ameal http://www.flickr.com/photos/nicmcphee/111606277/
  • 17.
    Network, Power, Capacity What’syour product experience online and offline? Gracefully handle poor connectivity Caching certain content locally on the device Download updates behind the scenes Don’t be a battery hog
  • 18.
    Linking Physical & VirtualWorlds LifeScan iPhone Diabetes Monitor
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems 05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Concepts The Current Ecosystem Content Ecosystem circa 2006 Content - Phone Calls - - Email - - Email - - SMS - - Photos/Videos - - websites (General) - - Photos/Videos - - Phone Book - - websites (Personal) - - Phone Book - - Calendar - - Photos/Videos - - Calendar - - IM - - Apps/Tools - - Music/Ringtones - - Music/Ringtones - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Notes - - Phone Book - - Games - - Storage - - Calendar - - Email - - Apps/Tools - - Games - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Storage - - Notes - - Storage - Publish Web Web Publish Carrier Social Mobile Phone Sync PC Web Web Sync Storage Tools View View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Create/Edit Manage Manage Manage August 25, 2006 | Confidential 53
  • 22.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Concept A PC as Epicenter Content Ecosystem Concept Content - Phone Calls - - SMS - - Photos/Videos - - Phone Book - - Calendar - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Games - - Email - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Notes - - Storage - Publish Publish Mobile Phone Sync PC Sync Samsung Web View View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Manage August 25, 2006 | Confidential 55
  • 23.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems 05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Content Ecosystem Concept Concept B Samsung Web as Epicenter Content - Phone Calls - - SMS - - Photos/Videos - - Phone Book - - Calendar - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Games - - Email - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Notes - - Storage - Publish Mobile Phone Sync Samsung Web View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Manage August 25, 2006 | Confidential 57
  • 24.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems 05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Concept E Moblog to Samsung Web Content Ecosystem Concept Content - Phone Calls - - Photos/Videos - - SMS - - Music/Ringtones - - Photos/Videos - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Phone Book - - Notes - - Calendar - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Games - - Email - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Notes - Publish - Storage - Publish Mobile Phone Sync PC Sync Samsung Web View View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Create/Edit Manage Manage (Lite Version) August 25, 2006 | Confidential 63
  • 25.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems 05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Content Ecosystem Concept Concept D PC as Epicenter, Moblog with Partners Content - Phone Calls - - Email - - Photos/Videos - - SMS - - Photos/Videos - - Music/Ringtones - - Photos/Videos - - Phone Book - - Notes - - Phone Book - - Calendar - - Calendar - - IM - - Music/Ringtones - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Notes - - Games - - Storage - - Email - - Apps/Tools - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Notes - Publish - Storage - Web Partner Web Partner Publish Mobile Phone Sync PC Web Partner View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Web Partner Manage View August 25, 2006 | Confidential 61
  • 26.
    Interacting with PH1 MobileLifeDiary 2006 Other Systems 05 Concept Ideation 08 2006 Concept C Web Partners Content Ecosystem Concept Content - Phone Calls - - Email - - SMS - - Photos/Videos - - Photos/Videos - - Phone Book - - Phone Book - - Calendar - - Calendar - - IM - - Music/Ringtones - - Music/Ringtones - - IM - - Notes - - Games - - Storage - - Email - - Apps/Tools - - Voice (voicemail, voicenotes, voiceSMS) - - Notes - Publish - Storage - Web Partner Web Partner Publish Mobile Phone Sync PC Web Partner View View Create/Edit Create/Edit Web Partner Manage View August 25, 2006 | Confidential 59
  • 27.
  • 28.
    Activity Think Like aMobile Designer
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
    Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem brew browsers applications platforms widgets and j2me gestures services windows ethnography startups android mobile user social media blackberry linux experience iphone symbian observation the internet of sensoring things new mobile music environments video NFC devices RFID content games © dotopen http://dotopen.eu
  • 32.
    Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize Miniaturizing “treats the mobile environment and technology as a subset of the desktop environment.” — Barbara Ballard Designing the Mobile User Experience, Barbara Ballard, 2007
  • 33.
    Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize Mobilizing, on the other hand, “precisely targets mobile user needs, making [the] best possible use of technology.” — Barbara Ballard Designing the Mobile User Experience, Barbara Ballard, 2007
  • 34.
    Mobilize Don’t Miniaturize “Contextual user tasks, not the existing website, determine the content, architecture, and user experience of the mobilized site.” — Cameron Moll Mobile Web Design, Cameron Moll, 2005 & 2009
  • 35.
  • 36.
    Mobile Design Process observing concepting evaluating sketching prototyping wireframing storyboarding
  • 37.
  • 38.
    (problems with) Usability Testing http://www.flickr.com/photos/rachelcreative/2664091856/
  • 39.
    interaction methods (devices) content navigation design design
  • 40.
    Which Devices? “All phonesare not created equally, but all phones are equally valid.” — Barbara Ballard http://www.flickr.com/photos/gaetanlee/118885175/
  • 41.
    Interaction Methods 5-ways &scroll wheels Always has a focus Challenging for long lists Use paging shortcut keys Context menu & soft keys
  • 42.
    Interaction Methods 5-ways &scroll wheels Always has a focus Challenging for long lists Use paging shortcut keys Context menu & soft keys
  • 43.
    Interaction Methods Fingers & styli capacitive resistive touch targets* iceberg tips adaptive targets *target = (target size in inches) × (screen width in pixels) / (screen width in inches) Designing Gestural Interfaces, Dan Saffer, 2008
  • 44.
    Interaction Methods Fingers & styli capacitive resistive touch targets* iceberg tips adaptive targets *target = (target size in inches) × (screen width in pixels) / (screen width in inches) Designing Gestural Interfaces, Dan Saffer, 2008
  • 45.
    How to Designfor Both? Simplified IA Bigger hit states Screen percentages, not pixel perfect Don’t use Fireworks, use vector tool of choice
  • 46.
    Navigation & ContentDesign Menus - icon grid, list, tabs, toolbar or carousel? Information architecture Shallow vs. deep navigation Content vs. action/task Sense of place Breadcrumbs, previous, back, transitions Keep it simple Robust search
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
    Sense of Place Transitions 4edges, z-order, flip Breadcrumbs or previous Back button (5-way)
  • 52.
    Visual vs Text forpattern recognition
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
    References & Resources References TomiT. Ahonen, http://www.tomiahonen.com/ http://communities-dominate.blogs.com/brands/2007/01/putting_27_bill.html Matt Jones & Gary Marsden, (2006) Mobile Interaction Design DotOpen, Mobile 2.0 Ecosystem http://dotopen.eu Barbara Ballard, (2007) Designing the Mobile User Experience Cameron Moll, (2005 & 2009) Mobile Web Design Rachel Hinman, Mirjana Spasojevic, Pekka Isomursu, PC Internet Deprivation Study http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1358628.1358652 Dan Saffer, (2008) Designing Gestural Interfaces Resources http://library.ixda.org/ - Look for Jenifer Tidwell’s talk on Mobile Design Patterns http://www.squidoo.com/mobiledesign http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?450 - mobile book list http://flingmedia.com/ http://www.mobiledesign.org/ http://www.mobilemonday.net/ http://mobiforge.com/Designing http://www.littlespringsdesign.com/ http://design4mobile.mobi/ http://phonegap.com/ http://www.adaptivepath.com/blog/#thelist http://mobili.st/ http://dev.mobi
  • 58.
    Thank you Kim Lenox— kimlenox@mac.com
  • 59.
    Photo Credits Context slide Menon boat http://www.flickr.com/photos/dnevill/2818839015/ Underground http://www.flickr.com/photos/e01/2656058861/ Stalls http://www.flickr.com/photos/iconeon/445984637/ Bus http://www.flickr.com/photos/seattlemunicipalarchives/2851696370/ Man with mobile http://www.flickr.com/photos/bobcatrock/293410753/ Mall http://www.flickr.com/photos/waterwin/603449470/