The document provides information on silo bag storage systems. It discusses that silo bags are made of laminated polyethylene sheets that are airtight to store grains. Key points include that silo bags should be placed on high, dry ground away from trees, oriented north-south for even sun exposure, and spaced at least 5 meters apart to allow for machinery access when unloading. The document also outlines safety procedures and specifications for filling, storing, and emptying silo bags.
A silo bag is a large polyethylene storage bag for grains. It is 60 meters long and 2.75 meters in diameter, holding up to 220 tons of wheat. The bag is made of 3 layers of polyethylene laminate and is airtight. When filled and sealed, it creates a modified atmosphere inside that prevents fungi and insect growth for 12-18 months without chemicals. The bag is filled and emptied using specialized machinery that can process 200 tons per hour. Operators must follow safety procedures and bags must be properly installed and monitored for optimal grain storage in the silo bag system.
This presentation covers the post harvest technologies for food grain, spices, horticultural crops and also technologies for safe storage foods grains...........
Innovations temporary storage of food grains ciphetRamabhau Patil
The document discusses various innovations in temporary food grain storage. It outlines traditional methods like cover and plinth storage as well as more modern options like flexible silos, prefabricated warehouses, cocoons, and large plastic membrane bags. Temporary storage structures need to carefully control grain temperature and moisture to prevent spoilage during storage. The color of storage covers impacts internal temperatures, with white reducing heating. More research is needed to identify appropriate temporary storage solutions for different Indian conditions.
Pg small and large scale storage structureAnbarasidevar
The document summarizes different types of traditional, improved, and modern storage structures used for warehousing food grains in India. It discusses indigenous structures like Kanaja used by farmers for small-scale storage. Improved structures include bins made of bamboo, wood, and mud. Modern structures discussed are metal silos of varying sizes and capacities used for large-scale storage by the government and private players. The document highlights losses during traditional storage and the need for scientific warehousing.
1. The document discusses different types of storage structures for agricultural produce from traditional to improved to modern.
2. Traditional structures include Bukharis, Morais, and Kothars made from materials like mud, bamboo, and wood. Improved structures add materials like bricks and cement for durability.
3. Modern structures include large warehouses, silos, and controlled atmosphere systems that allow for long-term storage of large volumes of grains through techniques like refrigeration.
1. The document summarizes traditional and modern methods for grain storage presented by Islam Elrayah, Hassan Sdeig, and Nossiba Abdullah at the University of Khartoum's Faculty of Postgraduate M.Sc. Agricultural Engineering seminar in September 2021.
2. Traditional methods discussed include rhombus structures made of grass and clay, cribs made of bamboo or wire mesh, underground pits lined with straw, and open stack methods. Modern methods provide more control over aeration and protection from environmental factors but have higher initial costs and require more space.
3. The selection of a storage technique depends on production levels, climate, quantity of grain, and required storage duration. Traditional methods
This document discusses various storage structures used by farmers for storing agricultural produce post-harvest. It describes traditional structures like gunny bags, mud bins, and structures made of bamboo or wood. It then summarizes improved rural-level storage structures like bitumen drums, Hapur bins, Udaipur bins, PKV bins, stone bins, bamboo bins, and Pusa bins. It also discusses stacking methods and structures like brick godowns, CAP storage, and silos used for large-scale storage. The key points are that traditional structures are used by small farmers while improved structures allow for longer storage periods with minimum losses.
Comparison Between Manual and Machine Harvesting of Cotton FiberTaofir Shuvo
This presentation compares manual and machine harvesting of cotton fiber. Manual harvesting is slower but preserves fiber characteristics better by picking open bolls at frequent intervals to minimize weather effects. It is popular for small land holdings and allows 3-4 pickings per season. Machine harvesting is faster, picking four rows at a time in 30 seconds, but is more expensive and produces cotton with more trash and impurities. Overall, about 75% of cotton is manually harvested worldwide due to lower labor costs while machine harvesting accounts for 25% due to its higher productivity.
A silo bag is a large polyethylene storage bag for grains. It is 60 meters long and 2.75 meters in diameter, holding up to 220 tons of wheat. The bag is made of 3 layers of polyethylene laminate and is airtight. When filled and sealed, it creates a modified atmosphere inside that prevents fungi and insect growth for 12-18 months without chemicals. The bag is filled and emptied using specialized machinery that can process 200 tons per hour. Operators must follow safety procedures and bags must be properly installed and monitored for optimal grain storage in the silo bag system.
This presentation covers the post harvest technologies for food grain, spices, horticultural crops and also technologies for safe storage foods grains...........
Innovations temporary storage of food grains ciphetRamabhau Patil
The document discusses various innovations in temporary food grain storage. It outlines traditional methods like cover and plinth storage as well as more modern options like flexible silos, prefabricated warehouses, cocoons, and large plastic membrane bags. Temporary storage structures need to carefully control grain temperature and moisture to prevent spoilage during storage. The color of storage covers impacts internal temperatures, with white reducing heating. More research is needed to identify appropriate temporary storage solutions for different Indian conditions.
Pg small and large scale storage structureAnbarasidevar
The document summarizes different types of traditional, improved, and modern storage structures used for warehousing food grains in India. It discusses indigenous structures like Kanaja used by farmers for small-scale storage. Improved structures include bins made of bamboo, wood, and mud. Modern structures discussed are metal silos of varying sizes and capacities used for large-scale storage by the government and private players. The document highlights losses during traditional storage and the need for scientific warehousing.
1. The document discusses different types of storage structures for agricultural produce from traditional to improved to modern.
2. Traditional structures include Bukharis, Morais, and Kothars made from materials like mud, bamboo, and wood. Improved structures add materials like bricks and cement for durability.
3. Modern structures include large warehouses, silos, and controlled atmosphere systems that allow for long-term storage of large volumes of grains through techniques like refrigeration.
1. The document summarizes traditional and modern methods for grain storage presented by Islam Elrayah, Hassan Sdeig, and Nossiba Abdullah at the University of Khartoum's Faculty of Postgraduate M.Sc. Agricultural Engineering seminar in September 2021.
2. Traditional methods discussed include rhombus structures made of grass and clay, cribs made of bamboo or wire mesh, underground pits lined with straw, and open stack methods. Modern methods provide more control over aeration and protection from environmental factors but have higher initial costs and require more space.
3. The selection of a storage technique depends on production levels, climate, quantity of grain, and required storage duration. Traditional methods
This document discusses various storage structures used by farmers for storing agricultural produce post-harvest. It describes traditional structures like gunny bags, mud bins, and structures made of bamboo or wood. It then summarizes improved rural-level storage structures like bitumen drums, Hapur bins, Udaipur bins, PKV bins, stone bins, bamboo bins, and Pusa bins. It also discusses stacking methods and structures like brick godowns, CAP storage, and silos used for large-scale storage. The key points are that traditional structures are used by small farmers while improved structures allow for longer storage periods with minimum losses.
Comparison Between Manual and Machine Harvesting of Cotton FiberTaofir Shuvo
This presentation compares manual and machine harvesting of cotton fiber. Manual harvesting is slower but preserves fiber characteristics better by picking open bolls at frequent intervals to minimize weather effects. It is popular for small land holdings and allows 3-4 pickings per season. Machine harvesting is faster, picking four rows at a time in 30 seconds, but is more expensive and produces cotton with more trash and impurities. Overall, about 75% of cotton is manually harvested worldwide due to lower labor costs while machine harvesting accounts for 25% due to its higher productivity.
This document summarizes a study on storing rice in metallic bins. The study tested the effects of insulation and aeration on temperature, moisture content, and insect infestation. Four bins were used - two with aeration, two with insulation, and combinations of the two. Results showed that aeration helped maintain uniform temperature inside bins and lowered relative humidity compared to non-aerated bins. After 63 days, moisture content decreased similarly across all bins. No insect infestation occurred. The study concluded that aeration can successfully manage rice storage temperatures and properties while preventing losses from insects.
The document discusses India's record wheat and rice production and the government's storage issues. It then summarizes various traditional wooden, mud, bamboo, and pot-based grain storage structures used in different parts of India. These indigenous structures provide benefits like pest resistance but have limitations for long-term storage. The document concludes there is a need to improve traditional structures with scientific inputs and develop new region-specific designs to help reduce India's substantial post-harvest food grain losses.
This presentation discusses traditional grain storage structures used in India. It describes common structures like Morai, Bukhari, Kothar that are shaped like inverted cones or cylinders and made of materials like mud or bamboo. These structures have capacities from 1 to 50 tonnes and are used to store grains above ground. Other structures mentioned are Mud Kothi, Kanaj, and metal bins, as well as bag storage. The appropriate storage method depends on factors like grain type, climate, costs and pest resistance. Traditional bulk storage keeps grains intact while bag storage offers flexibility but has higher costs and loss risks.
The document discusses different types of animal feed and feed storage facilities. There are two main types of feed: fodder, which is food given directly to animals, and forage, which animals obtain by grazing. Common forms of fodder include hay, silage, and mixed rations. Feed can be stored in various structures like commodity sheds, bunkers, silos, and bags. Proper site selection and construction methods help ensure feed quality and safety.
This document discusses the preparation and types of casing mixtures used for mushroom cultivation. Casing provides ideal conditions for mushroom formation and growth. Common casing materials include peat moss, composted farm waste. Six casing mixtures were tested combining materials like coir pith, vermicompost, saw dust, and sand. The mixtures were pasteurized before use. Proper casing application and moisture levels are important for pinhead formation and mushroom development while preventing contamination.
This document provides information about turmeric processing from various stages like washing, cooking, drying, polishing, grading, grinding and value addition processes like turmeric oil extraction and curcumin extraction. It includes details of machinery used in each process with specifications and capacities. Benefits of turmeric, curcumin and value added products are highlighted. A flow chart depicting the overall turmeric processing is presented along with output details at each stage. Global curcumin market outlook is also summarized. Contact details of the engineering company specializing in turmeric processing equipment are provided at the end.
The document summarizes the key steps in wheat milling: storage and blending of wheat, cleaning, conditioning by adjusting moisture levels, milling through processes like breaking, sieving, grading, purification, sizing, and reduction using roller mills. The objective is to separate the bran and germ from the endosperm to produce flour while minimizing contamination. Conditioning prepares the wheat for grinding by making the bran elastic and endosperm soft. Milling gradually separates the parts using rollers and sieves to produce flour and byproducts like bran and germ.
The document describes the GrainPro GrainSafe portable granary. It is a one-ton capacity storage unit made of durable PVC with an inner compartment that seals to provide hermetic protection for stored seeds and crops. The hermetic sealing protects against insects, rodents, moisture, molds, and fungi without using chemicals. It offers convenient portable storage and allows discharge of quantities while maintaining protection.
The document discusses various traditional and improved grain storage structures used in India. It notes that while grain production has increased, storage capacity has not, resulting in losses. It then describes different traditional structures like morai, bukhari, and kothar that store grain in bulk. Improved structures include cylindrical bins made of concrete and rectangular bins under farm sheds. Bag storage structures are also used to store thousands of bags of grain.
1) Indigenous farmers in Tamil Nadu have developed many traditional practices for storing grains and seeds that help prevent spoilage from pests and extend storage life. These include mixing grains with salt, ash, camphor or lime, or storing them with neem leaves, pungam leaves or in mud pots, baskets lined with cow dung or husks.
2) The study documented over 15 specific traditional storage practices used by dryland farmers in 8 districts of Tamil Nadu, such as storing red gram with salt, sorghum with ash treatment, or ragi with neem and thumbai leaves.
3) These practices have been passed down over generations and make use of locally available materials to naturally rep
The document discusses different methods of conserving forage, including hay and silage. Hay involves drying the forage to preserve it, while silage uses natural fermentation through anaerobic conditions to pickle the forage. Silage requires packing the chopped forage tightly to remove air and seal it to maintain the anaerobic environment needed for preservation. The document then provides details on the various types of silage production in terms of dry matter percentage and storage methods.
Production of COTTON in Pakistan from 1947-2017Waseem Bhatti
The document summarizes cotton production in Pakistan from 1947 to 2017. It provides details of production levels organized in 10-year periods. Key reasons for increases and decreases in production are noted, such as the introduction of new seed varieties and technologies in the 1970s which led to higher production, while diseases and pest attacks caused decreases in some periods. Overall production has generally trended upward over the decades as agricultural research and mechanisms have advanced in Pakistan.
Spawn is the mushroom seed that is grown on grains to produce the mycelium used for mushroom cultivation. High quality spawn is essential for successful mushroom production. Spawn is produced through processes that include preparing sterile culture media, isolating pure mushroom cultures, growing the cultures on grains to produce the mycelium, and storing the spawn under proper conditions. Quality spawn exhibits full mycelial coverage of grains, fast growth in compost, early and high crop yields, and produces mushrooms of good quality.
Godowns are designed for storing food grains like wheat. They have brick or stone side walls, a sloped roof made of asbestos or CGI sheets, and steel trusses. Each godown can store up to 5,000 tonnes divided into three compartments at least 21.7 meters wide and 5.4 meters tall to allow air circulation. Food grains are stacked in piles with dimensions of 6m x 9m and heights of 4-5m, leaving 27% of the floor free for aisles. Doors and ventilators are included to properly ventilate the space. The walls are between 37.5-45cm thick to support the structure.
This document describes various traditional storage structures used for agricultural products in India. It discusses structures like kothis, bukharis, mud kothis, and mudas. Improved structures include Pusa bins and brick/cement bins. Permanent structures include sheds and vertical/squat silos. Specific traditional structures covered include kothis, bamboo structures, bins, rectangular bins, random storage in plastic bags, stone kothis, jars, wooden boxes, baskets, and wooden boxes. The document provides details on the materials, locations, and capacities of these various traditional grain storage structures.
Natural Farm Nursery & Greenhouse grows vegetables and herbs using sustainable farming methods. The farm has a 1.3 hectare vegetable and herb area, a 1.5 hectare pasture, and facilities like a nursery, greenhouse, and livestock area. Produce is started from seed in the nursery and greenhouse before being transplanted to raised beds. The farm uses techniques like composting, vermicomposting, soil blocks, and proper spacing to intesively grow crops with minimal water and space needed. Crops are harvested and sold after maturing in the beds over 4 weeks.
Harvesting and post harvesting management notes 2012baharia said
1. This document discusses harvesting and post-harvest management techniques for various food crops grown across different agro-climatic zones in India.
2. It describes traditional practices like curing of cereals by stacking bundles to allow for ripening and easy separation of cobs from husks. It also discusses cleaning grains through winnowing and using wind to separate dirt.
3. Methods for packaging, transporting, and storing various foods are provided, such as using bamboo containers and boxes for fresh produce, sterilizing earthen pots for pickles, and constructing wooden structures or rooms for grain storage.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ECONOMIC FOREST PLANTS HARISH J
This document discusses seed assessment and requirements for various crops. It covers several key points:
- Seeding rates should be customized for each field based on expected plant population and 1000 kernel weight. Germination tests are needed to calibrate seeding rates.
- To calculate seeding rate, the desired plant density, germination rate, emergence mortality, row spacing, and 1000 kernel weight are required.
- Seed collection methods are outlined, including timing of collection based on species, tools used, and collecting from standing trees, fallen trees, or the ground.
- Factors that affect seed storage are discussed, including moisture content, temperature, storage type (dry, moist, or ordinary air), and principles
This document discusses different types of agriculture structures. It begins by discussing dairy barns, including types like stanchion barns, loose housing barns, and open air barns. It also discusses cow stalls and barn equipment. Next, it covers farm fencing types such as woven wire, barbed wire, plain wire and electric fencing. Poultry house types including wire floored houses and deep litter houses are then described. Finally, it briefly mentions storage structures, silos, sheep and goat houses, and biogas production.
The document discusses small-scale drying methods used by the Victoria Royal Botanic Gardens in Australia and the Millennium Seed Bank Project. It describes how the Botanic Gardens uses a purpose-built drying cabinet attached to a dehumidification unit to dry about 100 species of seeds per year, with a minimum of 4,000 seeds per species. The cabinet maintains a constant temperature and humidity throughout and allows seeds to dry to below 20% moisture content within a few weeks.
This document describes the cover and plinth (CAP) storage system used for storing food grains like wheat and paddy in India. The CAP system involves constructing a raised storage platform with brick and mortar that is at least 450mm above the ground to prevent flooding. Dunnage made of wood or other materials is placed on the platform to support bags of grains that are stacked and covered with polyethylene sheets. Studies have shown that CAP storage prevents quality loss compared to conventional storage and is less vulnerable to pests and weather damage. However, it requires careful management and securing of covers. Hermetic storage bags also show promise for on-farm storage.
The document discusses seed storage methods. It describes different types of seed storage based on storage time, including commercial, carry-over, foundation and germplasm seed. Traditional storage methods like Pusa bins, RCC bins, circular steel bins and hopper bins are explained. Commercial storage involves bulk and bag storage with considerations for structure, aeration, ventilation and pest control. Improved storage structures discussed include conditioned, cryogenic, hermetic and containerized storage. The last section summarizes a research paper on developing neem oil encapsulated electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous bags for sustainable seed storage.
This document summarizes a study on storing rice in metallic bins. The study tested the effects of insulation and aeration on temperature, moisture content, and insect infestation. Four bins were used - two with aeration, two with insulation, and combinations of the two. Results showed that aeration helped maintain uniform temperature inside bins and lowered relative humidity compared to non-aerated bins. After 63 days, moisture content decreased similarly across all bins. No insect infestation occurred. The study concluded that aeration can successfully manage rice storage temperatures and properties while preventing losses from insects.
The document discusses India's record wheat and rice production and the government's storage issues. It then summarizes various traditional wooden, mud, bamboo, and pot-based grain storage structures used in different parts of India. These indigenous structures provide benefits like pest resistance but have limitations for long-term storage. The document concludes there is a need to improve traditional structures with scientific inputs and develop new region-specific designs to help reduce India's substantial post-harvest food grain losses.
This presentation discusses traditional grain storage structures used in India. It describes common structures like Morai, Bukhari, Kothar that are shaped like inverted cones or cylinders and made of materials like mud or bamboo. These structures have capacities from 1 to 50 tonnes and are used to store grains above ground. Other structures mentioned are Mud Kothi, Kanaj, and metal bins, as well as bag storage. The appropriate storage method depends on factors like grain type, climate, costs and pest resistance. Traditional bulk storage keeps grains intact while bag storage offers flexibility but has higher costs and loss risks.
The document discusses different types of animal feed and feed storage facilities. There are two main types of feed: fodder, which is food given directly to animals, and forage, which animals obtain by grazing. Common forms of fodder include hay, silage, and mixed rations. Feed can be stored in various structures like commodity sheds, bunkers, silos, and bags. Proper site selection and construction methods help ensure feed quality and safety.
This document discusses the preparation and types of casing mixtures used for mushroom cultivation. Casing provides ideal conditions for mushroom formation and growth. Common casing materials include peat moss, composted farm waste. Six casing mixtures were tested combining materials like coir pith, vermicompost, saw dust, and sand. The mixtures were pasteurized before use. Proper casing application and moisture levels are important for pinhead formation and mushroom development while preventing contamination.
This document provides information about turmeric processing from various stages like washing, cooking, drying, polishing, grading, grinding and value addition processes like turmeric oil extraction and curcumin extraction. It includes details of machinery used in each process with specifications and capacities. Benefits of turmeric, curcumin and value added products are highlighted. A flow chart depicting the overall turmeric processing is presented along with output details at each stage. Global curcumin market outlook is also summarized. Contact details of the engineering company specializing in turmeric processing equipment are provided at the end.
The document summarizes the key steps in wheat milling: storage and blending of wheat, cleaning, conditioning by adjusting moisture levels, milling through processes like breaking, sieving, grading, purification, sizing, and reduction using roller mills. The objective is to separate the bran and germ from the endosperm to produce flour while minimizing contamination. Conditioning prepares the wheat for grinding by making the bran elastic and endosperm soft. Milling gradually separates the parts using rollers and sieves to produce flour and byproducts like bran and germ.
The document describes the GrainPro GrainSafe portable granary. It is a one-ton capacity storage unit made of durable PVC with an inner compartment that seals to provide hermetic protection for stored seeds and crops. The hermetic sealing protects against insects, rodents, moisture, molds, and fungi without using chemicals. It offers convenient portable storage and allows discharge of quantities while maintaining protection.
The document discusses various traditional and improved grain storage structures used in India. It notes that while grain production has increased, storage capacity has not, resulting in losses. It then describes different traditional structures like morai, bukhari, and kothar that store grain in bulk. Improved structures include cylindrical bins made of concrete and rectangular bins under farm sheds. Bag storage structures are also used to store thousands of bags of grain.
1) Indigenous farmers in Tamil Nadu have developed many traditional practices for storing grains and seeds that help prevent spoilage from pests and extend storage life. These include mixing grains with salt, ash, camphor or lime, or storing them with neem leaves, pungam leaves or in mud pots, baskets lined with cow dung or husks.
2) The study documented over 15 specific traditional storage practices used by dryland farmers in 8 districts of Tamil Nadu, such as storing red gram with salt, sorghum with ash treatment, or ragi with neem and thumbai leaves.
3) These practices have been passed down over generations and make use of locally available materials to naturally rep
The document discusses different methods of conserving forage, including hay and silage. Hay involves drying the forage to preserve it, while silage uses natural fermentation through anaerobic conditions to pickle the forage. Silage requires packing the chopped forage tightly to remove air and seal it to maintain the anaerobic environment needed for preservation. The document then provides details on the various types of silage production in terms of dry matter percentage and storage methods.
Production of COTTON in Pakistan from 1947-2017Waseem Bhatti
The document summarizes cotton production in Pakistan from 1947 to 2017. It provides details of production levels organized in 10-year periods. Key reasons for increases and decreases in production are noted, such as the introduction of new seed varieties and technologies in the 1970s which led to higher production, while diseases and pest attacks caused decreases in some periods. Overall production has generally trended upward over the decades as agricultural research and mechanisms have advanced in Pakistan.
Spawn is the mushroom seed that is grown on grains to produce the mycelium used for mushroom cultivation. High quality spawn is essential for successful mushroom production. Spawn is produced through processes that include preparing sterile culture media, isolating pure mushroom cultures, growing the cultures on grains to produce the mycelium, and storing the spawn under proper conditions. Quality spawn exhibits full mycelial coverage of grains, fast growth in compost, early and high crop yields, and produces mushrooms of good quality.
Godowns are designed for storing food grains like wheat. They have brick or stone side walls, a sloped roof made of asbestos or CGI sheets, and steel trusses. Each godown can store up to 5,000 tonnes divided into three compartments at least 21.7 meters wide and 5.4 meters tall to allow air circulation. Food grains are stacked in piles with dimensions of 6m x 9m and heights of 4-5m, leaving 27% of the floor free for aisles. Doors and ventilators are included to properly ventilate the space. The walls are between 37.5-45cm thick to support the structure.
This document describes various traditional storage structures used for agricultural products in India. It discusses structures like kothis, bukharis, mud kothis, and mudas. Improved structures include Pusa bins and brick/cement bins. Permanent structures include sheds and vertical/squat silos. Specific traditional structures covered include kothis, bamboo structures, bins, rectangular bins, random storage in plastic bags, stone kothis, jars, wooden boxes, baskets, and wooden boxes. The document provides details on the materials, locations, and capacities of these various traditional grain storage structures.
Natural Farm Nursery & Greenhouse grows vegetables and herbs using sustainable farming methods. The farm has a 1.3 hectare vegetable and herb area, a 1.5 hectare pasture, and facilities like a nursery, greenhouse, and livestock area. Produce is started from seed in the nursery and greenhouse before being transplanted to raised beds. The farm uses techniques like composting, vermicomposting, soil blocks, and proper spacing to intesively grow crops with minimal water and space needed. Crops are harvested and sold after maturing in the beds over 4 weeks.
Harvesting and post harvesting management notes 2012baharia said
1. This document discusses harvesting and post-harvest management techniques for various food crops grown across different agro-climatic zones in India.
2. It describes traditional practices like curing of cereals by stacking bundles to allow for ripening and easy separation of cobs from husks. It also discusses cleaning grains through winnowing and using wind to separate dirt.
3. Methods for packaging, transporting, and storing various foods are provided, such as using bamboo containers and boxes for fresh produce, sterilizing earthen pots for pickles, and constructing wooden structures or rooms for grain storage.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF ECONOMIC FOREST PLANTS HARISH J
This document discusses seed assessment and requirements for various crops. It covers several key points:
- Seeding rates should be customized for each field based on expected plant population and 1000 kernel weight. Germination tests are needed to calibrate seeding rates.
- To calculate seeding rate, the desired plant density, germination rate, emergence mortality, row spacing, and 1000 kernel weight are required.
- Seed collection methods are outlined, including timing of collection based on species, tools used, and collecting from standing trees, fallen trees, or the ground.
- Factors that affect seed storage are discussed, including moisture content, temperature, storage type (dry, moist, or ordinary air), and principles
This document discusses different types of agriculture structures. It begins by discussing dairy barns, including types like stanchion barns, loose housing barns, and open air barns. It also discusses cow stalls and barn equipment. Next, it covers farm fencing types such as woven wire, barbed wire, plain wire and electric fencing. Poultry house types including wire floored houses and deep litter houses are then described. Finally, it briefly mentions storage structures, silos, sheep and goat houses, and biogas production.
The document discusses small-scale drying methods used by the Victoria Royal Botanic Gardens in Australia and the Millennium Seed Bank Project. It describes how the Botanic Gardens uses a purpose-built drying cabinet attached to a dehumidification unit to dry about 100 species of seeds per year, with a minimum of 4,000 seeds per species. The cabinet maintains a constant temperature and humidity throughout and allows seeds to dry to below 20% moisture content within a few weeks.
This document describes the cover and plinth (CAP) storage system used for storing food grains like wheat and paddy in India. The CAP system involves constructing a raised storage platform with brick and mortar that is at least 450mm above the ground to prevent flooding. Dunnage made of wood or other materials is placed on the platform to support bags of grains that are stacked and covered with polyethylene sheets. Studies have shown that CAP storage prevents quality loss compared to conventional storage and is less vulnerable to pests and weather damage. However, it requires careful management and securing of covers. Hermetic storage bags also show promise for on-farm storage.
The document discusses seed storage methods. It describes different types of seed storage based on storage time, including commercial, carry-over, foundation and germplasm seed. Traditional storage methods like Pusa bins, RCC bins, circular steel bins and hopper bins are explained. Commercial storage involves bulk and bag storage with considerations for structure, aeration, ventilation and pest control. Improved storage structures discussed include conditioned, cryogenic, hermetic and containerized storage. The last section summarizes a research paper on developing neem oil encapsulated electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous bags for sustainable seed storage.
The document discusses various advances in seed storage methods. It notes that proper storage is important to maintain seed quality until planting. Methods discussed include drying seeds to safe moisture levels, using structurally sound storage structures in cool areas, hermetic bags, metal bins, treated jute and paper bags, and modern fumigation techniques using gases like methyl bromide to kill insects in stored seeds and grains. Good storage practices involve cleaning, pest control, and regular inspection and treatment if needed.
Bentall Rowlands Storage Systems Limited is a leading UK manufacturer in complete storage and processing equipment solutions for the agricultural and industrial markets.
A survey in DI Khan, Pakistan found that grain storage losses averaged 7% due to insect infestation, but reached as high as 20% in some areas. Farmers stored grain in multi-purpose rooms that were humid, using old bags and bins without disinfesting. Experiments showed that large plastic bags (Bindas) placed on platforms reduced losses to 0.25%, and fumigation further reduced losses. Innovations like improved earthen structures and adding plastic sheeting to seal Binda mouths reduced losses to 0.3% by properly sealing receptacles to prevent reinfestation.
The document discusses various types of storage structures for agricultural produce. It begins by explaining the need for storage structures and then describes traditional, improved, and modern storage structures. Traditional structures include Bukharis, Morais, and structures made of mud or bamboo. Improved structures have higher capacities and longer storage times, such as Pusa bins and brick/cement bins. Modern structures include silos, warehouses, controlled atmosphere storage, refrigeration, and cold storage for large-scale, long-term storage. The document provides details on the characteristics and uses of different types of structures.
The 4 finest mileages of buying growing bags for strawberries.RococoLankaPVTLTD
RIOCOCO offers completely sustainable and reusable growing bags for strawberries that assist to negate the use of chemical insecticides, and act as pest removal agents. More details please visit https://riococo.medium.com/the-4-finest-mileages-of-buying-growing-bags-for-strawberries-ab68637c9b7e
Benefit of Bale Fodder over Loose FodderLokesh kumar
This document describes an agro-residue high density block machine. It lists various agro residues like rice husk, rice straw, saw dust, and palm mesocarp that can be processed into dense bales using the machine. The table provided compares the loose and baled forms of these residues in terms of their bulk density, weight per bale, storage space utilized, and other advantages of baling over storing loose residues like reduced wastage, easier transportation and storage, and improved hygiene. Baled residues allow for more efficient handling, transportation, and storage compared to loose residues.
The document discusses various types of storage structures for agricultural produce. It begins by explaining the need for storage structures and discusses traditional structures like Bukhari, Morai and Kothar structures made from materials like mud and bamboo. It then covers improved structures like Pusa bins, brick and cement bins, and bunker storage. Modern structures discussed include silos, warehouses, controlled atmosphere storage, refrigeration and cold storage. The document provides details on each type of structure and their advantages.
This document discusses different types of seed storage. It describes bag storage which uses waterproof warehouses and follows sanitation practices. Bulk storage also meets basic requirements but requires more insulation. Seeds stored in bulk need frequent turning to prevent deterioration. Conditioned storage carefully controls temperature and humidity but is costly. Cryogenic storage places seeds in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for long-term preservation. Hermetic storage seals seeds in air-tight containers. Containerized storage uses desiccants to regulate humidity in closed containers. The document concludes by outlining preferred long-term storage conditions of -18°C or less in air-tight containers at 3-7% moisture.
The document discusses feed storage in India. It notes that 70% of farm produce in India is stored by farmers and proper storage is important to reduce losses. Metal silos are identified as the most efficient and economical storage method as they have low costs, require less labor and land, allow for mechanization, and reduce losses from pests and moisture compared to traditional storage methods. Standards for storage structures have been established by the Indian Bureau of Standards to help minimize losses during storage. Key considerations when purchasing silos include the long-term storage needs, ability to control moisture, temperature and insects through aeration and sealing to maintain quality.
POSTHARVEST TECHNOLOGY STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCEpptxGidmworkAbera1
This document provides an overview of storage methods for agricultural produce. It discusses storing perishable crops like fruits and vegetables using refrigerated or controlled atmosphere storage to extend shelf life at optimal temperatures and relative humidity levels. For durable crops like grains, it describes traditional storage methods like bags or pits as well as modern facilities like silos or ventilated structures. Controlled and modified atmosphere storage aim to slow spoilage by reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels. Proper storage helps ensure year-round availability of food and optimizes farmers' financial gains.
1) Between 25-50% of grain is lost post-harvest in developing countries, with 10.7% lost during storage alone.
2) Proper seed storage requires maintaining cool, dry conditions to reduce seed metabolic activity and prolong viability. Orthodox seeds like rice can be dried and stored long-term at 5% moisture, while recalcitrant seeds like mango cannot be dried.
3) Key factors for successful storage are seed type, quality, moisture content below 13% for rice, and controlled environment below 30°C and 60% relative humidity to prevent pest and microbe growth.
1) Silage making involves chopping green forage crops like corn and compacting them in an air-tight container to ferment. This preserves nutrients and allows feeding throughout the year.
2) Plastic bag silage production has advantages over traditional methods, including lower costs, ease of use, and ability to store silage anywhere. Proper techniques like adding the right moisture content and quickly sealing bags are needed to produce high quality silage.
3) Producing green corn for silage rather than grain provides higher returns per hectare due to lower production costs and higher market price for silage compared to grain. Silage production yields over 50% more net income than grain production per cropping.
This document provides specifications and procedures for banana export packing. It details the equipment, materials, varieties handled, harvesting process, quality checks, packing, labeling, and loading into containers. The key steps include sorting and clustering bananas, fungicide treatment, wax coating, packing into boxes weighing 13.5-18.5kg, labeling, loading onto pallets holding 54 boxes each, pre-cooling, and loading sealed and data-logged containers for transport. The goal is ensuring bananas meet quality standards and regulations to facilitate international trade.
Storage losses of agricultural products in tropical areas can range from 25-40% annually due to inadequate storage facilities and practices at the farm and village level. Proper drying and storage methods are needed to prevent losses from insects, rodents, fungus, and deterioration. The choice of storage method depends on the moisture content of the crop after harvesting and the relative humidity during storage. With careful drying and storage below moisture thresholds in structures designed for ventilation and pest protection, grains and pulses can typically be stored safely for over a year.
HDPE/PP Bags High Density Polyethylene/Polypropylene Plastic Bags Production ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
HDPE/PP Bags High Density Polyethylene/Polypropylene Plastic Bags Production “Most Profitable Business Opportunities of Startups”
Woven polypropylene bags, also known as woven PP bags, are the toughest packing bags available, and are commonly used to pack materials for the grain, milling, and sugar industries. Furthermore, these bags are commonly used in the fodder, pesticides, and fertilizer industries, as well as the cement industry and other applications such as sand, metal parts, and concrete.
For More Details: https://www.niir.org/profile-project-reports/profile/1622/hdpe-bags-manufacturing-plant-detailed-project-report-profile-business-plan-industry-trends-market-research-survey-manufacturing-process-machinery-raw-materials-feasibility-study-investment-opportunities-cost-revenue-plant-economics.html
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Cargo dry pak container desiccant 1kg,1.5kg,2kg
Adsorption capacity more than 150% upto 350%
Further more details , we can land on website :
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Grain storage requires careful management of moisture content and temperature to prevent spoilage. The allowable storage time depends on the grain and conditions, with higher moisture and temperatures cutting storage time in half. Aeration is vital to control temperature and prevent moisture migration that can cause wet spots leading to faster deterioration. Grain should be dried and cooled properly before storing and periodically checked during storage.
2. Contents
1. About Silo Bag
1.1. Introduction
1.2. General Safety Principles
1.3. Bag Specification
2. Simple rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.1. Site Selection
2.1.1. Ground Conditions
2.1.2. High & Dry
2.1.3. ideal Slope
2.1.4. Tree Issues
2.1.5. Secure the Site
2.2. Bag Placement
2.2.1. Separation between bags
2.2.2. North South Bag Orientation
2.2.3. Bag Downhill
2.3. Filling of Bags
2.3.1. Keep the Bag Straight
2.3.2. Bag Stretching
2.3.3. Sealing the Bag
2.3.4. Bag Finishing
2.3.5. Protecting the Bag
a. Rodent Control
b. Fencing
c. Fire Danger/ Brecks
d. Fire Extinguishers
e. inspect after Storms
f. Regular Inspections
2.4. Emptying the Bag
2.4.1. Preparing to open the bag
2.4.2. Safety During Unloading
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3. What is a Silo bag ?
1. About Silo Bag
1.1 Introduction
A polyethylene bag 60 meters long and 2.75 meters in diameter for storing grain in the open. It is suitable
for storing wheat ( up to 200 Mt ) maize, barley, paddy, mustard, soya and other commodities.
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4. What is a Silo bag made of ?
A laminated plastic sheet made of
3 layers of coextruded
polyethylene with 220 microns
thickness.
The first 2 layers make the bag
weather proof and act as a UV
filter.
The third layer is black and
protects the grain from sunlight Tio2 UV STABILIZER
Participation of LDPE
Thickness of white layer
Thickness of the film
Participation of
antioxidative
compound
Able to stretch over a
extended period of time
Continue…About Silo Bag
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5. Continue…About Silo Bag
How does a Silo bag protect the grain ?
It is sealed and airtight. The bag is designed to stretch by 10% ensuring the grain is packed tightly and
most air is expelled at filling. After filling and sealing, the few pockets of air / oxygen are eliminated by
the grain breathing thus producing a modified atmosphere, rich in CO2.
MAINTAINAING GRAINS IN A HERMETIC ENVIROMENT
1%
2.5-3%
0%
Stretching relationship among different places of the bag
Increase Dioxide Carbon Concentration (CO2) Decreases Oxygen Concentration (O2)
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6. How is a Silo bag filled?
With a specially designed bagging machine that can be filled from a harvester, a grain cart or
any high volume auger. Bags can be filled at 200 Mt per hour.
BAGGING MACHINE CHARACTERICS
Materials to Bag All kinds of dry grain
Transport position Same as work. Does not require
additional elements.
Work tongue Foldable for tip or on truck transport
Tractor Minimum power: 33 kW (45 HP)
PTO shaft speed: 540 rpm
Hydraulic group: one double acting
cylinder output
Brake system Disk brake on both wheels
Braking power adjustable by hand
pump
Pressure gauge
Axle Adjustable through hydraulic cylinder
Feeding High capacity auger (more than 250
tons/hour)
Continue…About Silo Bag
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7. Continue…About Silo Bag
The Silo Bag un-Loader features a
bag roller shaft and a spring
loaded clutch on the bag roller
for easy bag removal.
The equipment with a large
10”inch cross auger, 17” inch
main auger along with the 50
degree angle of the main auger
for more reach an height. It is
capable of extracting
approximately 150-180 MT of
grains per hour from the silo Bag
How is a Silo bag emptied ?
By using a specially designed un-loader that opens the bag and lifts the grain to a grain cart or truck
at 200 Mt per hour.
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8. Where are Silo bags stored ?
In the open, on any clean, well drained ground that is free from sharp objects and does not have too steep
incline. This can be even a harvested field as long as the crop stubble is not too spiky.
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Place bags on high and well drained
fields, far from trees and any possible
source of breakups
Ground must be firm, plain and clean.
Continue…About Silo Bag
9. Continue…About Silo Bag
What if there are insects in the grain to be stored in a Silo Bag ?
The bag is an airtight environment, anything alive (insects, bacteria, the grain) consumes the limited oxygen
in the bag and expels carbon dioxide. Usually within 30 days, the oxygen volume in the bag drops from 20%
to 3%; the carbon dioxide volume rises from 0% to 17%. The inside of the bag has become anaerobic.
FUNGI CONTROL
INSECT CONTROL
QUALITY CONTROL
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10. Continue…About Silo Bag
How long can grain be stored in a Silo bag ?
If moisture level is within recommended limit grain can be stored in a bag
up to 24 months.
What levels of grain moisture can be stored in a Silo bag ?
It is recommended that grain be stored at the 'normal' standards of the
country. Wheat can be stored for up to 2 years if below 12% moisture but can
be stored for shorter periods at levels as high as 14% -16%.
Can Silo bags be reused ?
No, the Silo bag has to be cut open along its length
while emptied.
Not REUASABLE
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11. Continue…About Silo Bag
What can be done with used Silo bags ?
Silo bags can be recycled as each bag is made of 120
kg of high quality polyethylene.
How secure is a Silo bag ?
A Silo bag can be opened with a sharp knife but cannot be transported.
Pilferage from a Silo Bag needs a recipient to carry the spilled grain.
If a Silo bag is damaged can it be repaired ?
Minor damage can be repaired with tape. Major damage requires
that section to be unloaded and re-bagged. Undamaged sections can
be resealed.
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12. Continue…About Silo Bag
How are samples taken from a Silo bag ?
By using 6 feet sampling probe grain spear directly through bag and samples can be taken from any
level and portion of the bags, small hole is resealed with tape
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13. Continue…About Silo Bag
Are Silo bags affected by temperature?
Grain is stored in Silo bags at temperature extremes with no adverse affect. Bags have been filled
in temperatures over 45 deg C in Australia , 50 deg C in sudan and been covered in snow and left at
minus 20 deg C in Canada.
The bags are made of polyethylene which can be affected at temperature
extremes, more elastic in heat, more brittle in cold. Having a low profile
and contact with the ground heat dissipates quickly but doesn't impact on
stored grains.
How much ground is needed to store gain in Silo bags ?
Depending on the grain, calculate 3 - 5,000 per hectare. if same commodity than
upto 5000 mt per hectare
What is the limit of grain that can be stored in Silo bags ?
None! With available land, just fill more bags. There are grain 'parks'
in South Africa that hold more than 50,000 mt of grains and sudan
have more than 200000 mt.
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14. Continue…About Silo Bag
Scientific bulk storage & preservation.
Economic solution as compared to conventional warehouses/Silo
storage.
It is versatile storage system which can be deployed at farm level,
mandi level and any suitable location.
The lead time for the mobilization for storage is just 4-5 weeks.
Silo bag can be kept in open field.
Quality and quantity remains intact same during the storage period.
Long- term storage solution (more than 2 years)
No fumigation required upto 24 months of continuous storage
Silo Bag hermetically sealed storage system which perpetually produce 17% of carbon dio- oxide
within 30 days , thus inhibits any kind of incest and micro biological.
The storage capability during the procurement season can be scaled from 200 tons per hour and
onwards because it handles the grains mechanically at very fast and efficient way.
Storing near to the farm level enables farmers to bring his produce quickly. The system allows
appropriate price at appropriate time to farmers.
Silo Bag has been tried and tested under weather conditions of -40 degree C to +55 degree C in
various countries.
The system tangibly saves the recurring cost of wooden crates, tarpaulin, gunny bags and
fumigation cost
Manual handling is optimized
It is the most suitable and convenient backward integration for completing cycle of bulk supply
chain
Being chemical free storage avoid further loss of nutrition
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15. 1.2. General Safety Principles
Each Machine has its own operating Manual.
Please Note
Operator safety is of the utmost concern. A great percentage of accidents
occur by the neglect or incorrect operation of the machinery.
A good operator of machinery will use and maintain the machine adequately,
taking the maximum precautions to avoid accidents.
The decals referring to safety, precautions and safety defaces as well as other
safety protections measures, which has been incorporated into the machines,
are there for your safety, as well as all others persons.
Do not paint over them
Maintain them in a clean and legible state
In case of deterioration, please contact authorized dealer for replacement
decals
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16. 1.3. Bag Specification
The Silo Bag is a laminated mix of three layers of PE (polyethylene).
The first two layers act as a UV filter. The
third layer is black and is designed to keep out
the sunlight.
The bags are designed to stretch by a maximum
of 10%. This is measured during filling and must
be observed to prevent overfilling the bag.
A polyethylene bag 60 meters long and 2.75
meters in diameter for storing grain in the
open. It is suitable for storing wheat ( up to
220 tons) wheat, maize, barley, paddy, mustard,
soya and other commodities.
The bag is sealed and airtight. It has a life of 12 - 18 months in the open.
A 60 meter bag holds around 220 tones of wheat or around 180 tones of barley. You can store any
amount of grain in the bag by simply cutting the bag and resealing it again.
The bag is sealed storing the grain in an airtight environment, preventing the development and
reproduction of fungi and insects. This environment can eliminate the need for chemicals.
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17. 2. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.1. Site Selection
When Selecting your site, it is important to look to the
further and those conditions when extracting the grains.
While it is hot and dry during the bagging season, it
maybe wet and cold when extracting. These conditions
may be cause access problem for trucks and other
machinery that Is being utilized to transport the grains
away from the site.
It may be advisable in such conditions to locate beside a
formed road/track, allowing the easy movement of loaded
trucks/trolleys.
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18. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.1.1. Ground Conditions
It is important for good grain storage and conservation that the ground for bag filling is to be
prepared in anticipation, with following characteristics
2.1.2. High and Dry
The best results are found by having the bags located on a slightly raised, hard base. By forming
these beds and stabilizing them in advance of the harvest, the forward thinjing Silo Bagger will be
well rewarded.
High ground and an area that does not flood. Select an
area away from trees
Select hard ground, not soft. Ground that does not
mark from the footprints of both the tractor and
bagger.
Make sure the ground id free from weeds and sharp
stubble’s that might pierce the bag. Also make sure
that the ground does not contain sharp stones, sticks
and/or other objects that pierce the bag.
it is best to keep the perimeter of each individual bag
free from vegetation.
An application of chemical to control the weeds/grasses around the perimeters of the bag is a
advisable
This procedure and maintenance helps in the control of rodent attack and damage from animals that
may graze next to the bag
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19. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.1.3. Ideal Slope
If possible, it is preferable to bag downhill, as
this helps to prevent moisture entry to the bag
via the end opening.
An ideal slope would be a slight inclination of 1-
3%
It is not recommended to work across slopes.
This overload one side of the bag causing it to
over stretch the plastic. This may possibly result
in the premature failure of the bag.
If livestock are grazing in adjoining paddocks
(or in the same paddock but with a fence around
the silo bag ) it is advisable to keep the bags away
from the fenceline by 2 meters fo 6 fee.
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20. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.1.4 Tree Issues
Tree drop limbs
These limbs can strike the bag on the to of it, where the
most stretch and strain is found on bag. This sudden impact
on the bag at this point cause the bags to split open along its
entire length
Please be aware of this potential hazard selecting your site
2.1.5. Secure The Site
Once the bags are made, perimeter wire fence should be constructed to
prevent damages from animals.
Prevent attack from rodents as they can damage the bags.
Keep the site clear and use baits when necessary.
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21. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
2.2. Bag Placement
2.2.1. Separation Between Bags
When placing bags side, it must be
remembered that they have to be
emptied one day!
With this in mind, please allow enough
room between the bags to allow easy
and unrestricted loading the X-tractor
and associated grain carts and /or
trolleys.
It is suggested that the distance the
bags be enough to allow the grains
carts or trolleys to pass between the
bags while unloading with an x-tractor.
Our recommended is a distance of 5
meters /16.5 feet.
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22. Bag Placement for Silo Grain Park
Pathway 5 Mt
Pathway 5 Mt
Pathway 8 Mt
1. 5 Mt
1. 5 Mt
Pathway 5Mt Pathway 5 Mt
Pathway 8 Mt
1. 5 Mt
1. 5 Mt
Pathway 5 Mt Pathway 5 Mt
This will allow enough space for the x-tractor to work without rupturing the adjacent bag and
enough space to create a pathway where an operator could control the integrity of the bag
during storage. It is important to leave a path of at least 5 meters wide on the side that the x-tractor
works so there is room for the transport vehicle.
The bags should be bagged in an end-to-end
situation, in different directions. These bags
should be 1.5 meters apart.
Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
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23. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
North - South
2.2.2. North South…. Important
It is recommended to place the bags NORTH/SOUTH because it is
desirable for the sun to hit both sides of the bag evenly.
Uneven Exposure to the sun may result in:
Potential damage to the materials of the bags
if the sun is always only on the same side some discoloration of the
grain may occur on that side as a result.
more condensation can occur on that side if you have bagged the grain
with high moisture content.
2.2.3. Downhill bagging vs. Uphill Bagging
If machine is correctly and adequately barked for the bag stretching desirable
(10%) then it is safe to bags downhill.
However it may be more appropriate to bag upslope, because in this way the
slope helps the machine brake which assists in a more uniformly filled bags.
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24. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
Filling the Bag
Keep the Bag Straight
For best result, when bagging, the mainero bagger should be kept working in a
straight line.
Handy Hint
It is important to keep the bag straight.
However, slight deviations may occur before you
notice it.
Therefore to assist you in keeping your bag
aligned in a straight line, we strongly suggest
that you lay a string line the bagging pad, with
the front wheel of the tractor running along
the string line.
You will quickly notice if the tractor is deviating
from the straight line. Please keep a constant
eye on this important point, and correct when,
and if necessary.
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25. Bag Stretching
Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
The Silo Bag is designed to stretch. This stretching helps expel the oxygen and make a compacted, tight
bag.
The healthy and dry grains that are placed inside the silo bags tend to behave like a liquid. This liquid
nature of the grains has an impact on the interior of the Silo Bag. The Grains do not ‘cling’ together, and
as a result, they tend to scatter towards the sides of the Silo Bag.
Different grains types react differently within the silo bag. Some
grains becomes more ‘liquid’ and thus the silo bag will be in a more
flattened and oval shape, while other grains types will make the silo
bag more upright and round.
At a higher hectoliter weight , better grain cleanliness in the sample
and lower moisture contact of the sample will mean that the grains in
the silo bags will have a higher tendency to flow. This will lead, in in
turn, to a higher stretching and deformation of the bag.
Note; when adjusting the braking pressure , it should be done in small progressions of a recommended 10-
15KG/CM2 {140-210 PSI}
Usually as the day hotter, the bag will stretch more, requiring LESS braking pressure, likewise in the cool
of the evening, the bag may require more stretching and the bagging machine require MORE braking
pressure
IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE BAG NOT BE STRETCHED BY MORE THAN 10%
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26. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
Protecting the Silo Bag
Rodent Control
MICE
We keep stressing the importance of good house keeping, most problems can be prevented
with good house keeping and regular checking and maintenance of the bags and sites .
If you are concerned with mice attacking the bags, then it has been found that a light
application Urea on the site where the bags are to laid us a well wroth while task. Others
have found that by applying some light soil along the edge of the bags (along its side) and
filling in the curve at ground level help prevent mice from burrowing in under the bag.
Another simple idea that had been found effective is the placement of a pipe at the
sealed end of the bag. The rodents will travel trough this section and it is found that this
pipe makes a great location for a bait station
The Steps to take are the followings:
the ground over which the bags are to placed must be free of grass and undergrowth
Do not leave loose grains around the nags because they are very appealing to the
rodents
If a mouse got into the bag, the best thing to do is to introduce by the same hole, a
foxtoxin pill (aluminum phosphor) and seal the hole with tape that is sent with the bag
it is possible, lay the bags parallel to the main winds.
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27. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
Fire Danger/Fire Breaks
It must be remembered that Silo Bags are made from PVC
(plastic material).
As such, if exposed to extreme heat from a close fire, it may in
fact melt, or catch fire.
In position you bags. It is best to be mindful of this fact to allow
maximum protection of your assets.
Fire Extinguishers / Sand Bucket
You should always have a fully charged fire
extinguisher and fully filled sand buckets close at
hand when working around machinery. This is a
sensiable precaution, and a legal requirement.
The operator must know how to operate this fire
extinguisher before any machinery is started up or
worked on.
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28. Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
Please read carefully all decals attached so you fully understand their meanings, and their
importance. If you not understand any aspects of the decals, or operations of the
machine, please contact authorized dealer for a clear interpretation and understanding.
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT MESSAGE
Before the operation of any of these machines, or any machine for the matters, it is
essential that EVERY operator and supervisor read and learn thoroughly the contents
of each separate manual applicable to that machine. This way, most hazardous
situations will be avoided for the operator, for the parties and for any goods placed
near the area.
To achieve this, it is fundamental that all operators and supervisors WITHOUT
EXCEPTION read and undersigned clearly the manual relating to each machine
individually. The training should include every details of the machines operation, and
should also be lacked by written records.
Any guards that are placed on the machine are there for a reason; to protect
if any guard becomes lost or damaged, please have it replaced before continuing to
operate the machine.
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29. Inspect after Storms
Continue…. Simple Rules to get the most from Silo Bag
A sudden storm could occur at any time. Please seal the
bag before leaving unattended over night to prevent rain
damage to the bagged grain.
Hail: after a hail storm the bags must be checked
immediately to see if any damage has occurred. If the
damage is light, it can be repaired with appropriate tape.
If it is serious then the only safe solution is to empty
and place anew bag. Remember that a higher stretch of
the bag, increase the risk to hail damage.
Regular Inspections
The success of your Silo Bag system will largely
depends on your level of house keeping once the bags
are filled.
It is important that all possible efforts are taken to
maintain the integrity of the plastic membrane, or
repair it quickly if found damaged and /or
perforated.
Remember that holes in the membrane can cause
material degradation
Responsibility
& Efficiency
Awarene
ss
Consistency
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30. 2.4 Emptying the Silo Bag
2.4.1 Preparing to Open the Bag
*IMPORTANT NOTE
The silo bag is filled under pressure. The bag is designed to stretch.
Because of this characteristic. it is extremely important that great care is taken when opening silo
bag . Or using machinery such as front-end loader etc to empty the silo bag.
Failure to observe the following rules could result in the bag opening quickly along its entire length.
This will result in leaving the bagged material exposed to the elements. The will open along the top
of the silo bag where the most amount of pressure is applied.
www.silobagindia.com
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31. Continue……. 2.4 Emptying the Silo Bag
2.4.2 Safety During Outloading
Extra care should be taken while working with front-end loaders etc.
while extracting materiel.
Make sure that the top of the bag that is under extreme
pressure is not subject to longitudinal pressure cuts.
At all times. Children should not be near the silo bags.
Children, Machinery and grain should not mix.
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32. 2.5 Grain Moisture
2.5.1 Storage Moisture
As a basic rule, the moisture % of grains going into Silo Bag
should be the same moisture % as required for conventional /
traditional storage methods.
To store grains with higher moisture % could result in loses in
grain quality such as protein quality, germination % loses, and
hectolitric loses.
The risk to grain with higher moisture % will increase with the
storage time.
2.5.2 Regular Sampling
It is recommended that periodically samples of bagged material be
taken from the Silo bag. This will be helpful in the control of the
evolution of the quality of the stored material.
These samples can be taken with a probe, in the part of the bag of
less stretch or by putting two tapes sections in in vertical direction
and overlapped, in the zone of less bag stretch, and do the cut above
these overlapped tapes.
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33. Contact Us
For More details and discussion we are available on
Business Consortium of India
Vikram J
Business Consortium of India
ibusinessconsortium@gmail.com
+91 9352412345
Skype – vikramjangidindia
Linkedin - http://in.linkedin.com/pub/vikram-jangid/
40/367/234/