The document contains information about the Operations Research course module for Punjab College of Technical Education, Ludhiana. It includes the syllabus, internal and external assessment details, instructions for paper setters and candidates, and important guidelines for students taking the course. The syllabus covers topics such as linear programming, transportation problems, decision making, integer programming, and dynamic programming. References for the course are also provided.

1. PUNJAB COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
LUDHIANA
COURSE MODULE
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
[ BC- 504(N2) ]
Max. Marks 100 Internal
Assessment - 40
External Assessment -
60
Instruction for paper setter
 The question paper will consist of two sections A and B.
 Sections B will have Six questions and will carry 10 marks
each. Section A will have 10 short answer type questions,
which will cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry
20 marks in all.
Instructions for Candidates
 Candidates are required to attempt four questions from
section B and the entire section A.
 Use of non-programmable scientific calculator is allowed.

2. Syllabus
OPERATION RESEARCH
BC-504 (N2)
Max Marks: 100 Internal
Assessment: 40
External
Assessment: 60
Instructions for paper setter
The question paper will consist of two sections A and B.
Sections B will have Six questions and will carry 10 marks each.
Section A will have 10 short answer type questions, which will
cover the entire syllabus uniformly and will carry 20 marks in
all.
Instructions for Candidates
Candidates are required to attempt four questions from section
B and the entire section A. Use of non-programmable scientific
calculator is allowed
Origin & development of O.R., Nature & Characteristics
features of O.R., Models & Modeling in Operation Research.
Methodology of O.R., General methods for solving O.R. Models,
O.R. & Decision making, Application, Use & Limitations of O.R.
Linear Programming: formulation, Graphical, Big Method &
Simplex Method, Duality in L.P.: Conversion of Primal to Dual
only
Transportation Problems: Test for Optimality, Degeneracy in
Transportation Problems. Unbalanced Transportation,
Assignment Problems, Traveling Salesman Problem.
Decision Making : Decision Making Environment, Decision under
uncertainty, Decision under risk, Decision tree Analysis.
Integer Programming and Dynamic Programming: Concept and
Advantages only.
REFERENCES:
1.Kanti Sawrup, P.K. Gupta and Manmohan, "Operations
Research", Sultan Chand & Sons, Seventh Ed.1994.

3. 2.S.D. Sharma, Operations Research", Kedar Nath Ram Nath
and Co. Meerut, Tenth Ed. 1992.

4. Important Guidelines
1. ATTENDANCE CRITERIA – 75% (NO COMPROMISES!!)
2. YOU ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN CLASS ON/BEFORE SCHEDULED
TIME. AFTER THAT YOU CAN ATTEND THE CLASS BUT WOULD
NOT BE AWARDED ATTENDANCE. NO EXCUSES FOR BEING LATE
WILL BE ENTERTAINED.
3. MAKE SURE YOU ARE NOT ABSENT ON PRESENTATION DAY OR
ACTIVITY DAY OR TESTS. ZERO MARKS WOULD BE AWARDED TO
ABSENTEES. YOU’LL BE INFORMED WELL IN ADVANCE ABOUT
THE IMPORTANT DEADLINES.
4. DO NOT COPY ASSIGNMENTS. ALL THE COPIED ASSIGNMENTS
AND MASTER ASSIGNMENT WOULD BE STRAIGHT AWAY
CANCELLED & AWARDED ZERO MARKS.
Following are the parameters along with weight-age for the final calculation of
Internal.
Internal Evaluation Breakup
Marks Parameters
15 MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION [MSE]
5 PRESENTATION
10 TESTS [First Hourly, Second Hourly]
10 ASSIGNMENTS

5. Course Breakup
Class: BCA-III-D Lectures: 47
Subject: Operations Research No. of Tests: 3
Code: BC- 504(N2) Assignments: 3
Teacher: Kapil Prashar [KP]
Lecture Date Contents of Lecture
Tests Assignment
No.
1. Introduction to Operation Research:
Origin & Development of O. R.
Meaning & Definitions of O.R.
Nature and Characteristics of O. R.
2. Introduction to O.R.
Various Models of O. R.
Methodology of O.R.
3. Introduction to Operation Research:
 O. R. And Decision making
 Applications of O. R.
 Uses and Limitations of O.R.
4. Assignment Problems
♦ Meaning of Assignment Problems
♦ Formulation of Assignment Matrix
• Hungarian Method
5. • Application of Hungarian Method. ASSG 1
6. • Maximization and Unbalanced case in
Assignment Problems
7. • Air crew Assignment Problems
8. Assignment Problem
• Travelling Salesman Problem
9. • Tutorial/ Problems
10. Introduction to Transportation Model
• Feasible solution
• Basic feasible solution
• Optimal solution
• Balanced & Unbalanced Transportation
Model

6. 11. Solving of a Balanced Transportation Problem: ASSG 2
Step I : Make a Transportation Model
Step II : To find a basic feasible Solution:
o North West Corner Method
o Lowest Cost Entry Method.
• Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM)
12. • Step II: Finding a basic feasible solution.
13. Transportation Problem
• Step III: Optimality Test- MODI Method
14.
15.
MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION OPTIMALITY TEST
16.
17.
18. Transportation Problem
• Optimality Test- STEPPING STONE METHOD
19. Transportation Problem
• Unbalanced Problem
• Profit Maximization Problem
20. Linear Programming
1. Introduction
2. Assumptions of Linear Programming
• Advantages of Linear Programming
• Limitations of Linear Programming
21. • Applications of Linear Programming
• Formulation of the LPP
22. • Formulation of the LPP
23. • Formulation of the problem- Numericals
• Graphical Method of LPP
24. • Graphical Method of LPP –Numericals
Tutorial/ Problems
25. Linear Programming
• Basic terms used in Simplex method: Slack
variable, Surplus variable, Basic sol., Basic
feasible sol, Optimum sol.
• Construction of standard form of LPP
26. • Iterations ASSG 3
27. • Iterations

7. 28. • Iterations
29. Simplex method for greater than equal to
constraints:
• Surplus variables
• Artificial variables
• Introduction to Big M method
30. Greater than equal to constraints using Big M
method
31. Greater than equal to constraints using Big M
method
32. Mixed constraints
33. Tutorial/ Problems
34. Special cases in applying simplex method
• Degeneracy
• Unbounded problems
• Infeasible problems
• Redundancy problem
35. Linear Programming (Duality)
• Construction of dual
36. Linear Programming (Duality)
• Problems of Duality
37. Decision Making
 Steps in decision making
 Types of Decision Making Environment
38. Decision Making
 Decision making in Uncertainty
o Maximax & Minimin Criteria
o Maximin & Minimax Criteria
39. Decision Making
 Criterion of realism
 Criterion of regret
o Equally Likely
40. Decision Making
• Under Risk
o EMV
41. Decision Making
• Under Risk
o EOL
42. Decision Making
• Under Risk

8. o EVPI
43. Decision Making
• Decision Tree Analysis
44. Integer Programming
 Need of integer programming
 Types of integer programming
45. Tutorial/ Problems
46. Dynamic Programming
• Basic Concept
• Need of Dynamic Programming
47. Dynamic Programming
• Advantages
• Nature, Features
• Usages