Bba ii unit ii antonyms
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The document discusses antonyms, which are words that have opposite meanings. It provides examples of word pairs that are antonyms, such as speedily/plodding, ferocious/tame, hard/soft, immense/small, generous/miserly, affluent/impoverished, feeble/strong, noisy/relaxing, towering/short, permanent/unstable, plentiful/sparse, positive/negative, powerful/weak, praise/criticism, private/public, problem/solution, profit/loss, quality/inferiority, random/specific. The document also lists some common antonym word pairs and provides references for additional information.
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The document discusses antonyms, which are words that have opposite meanings. It provides examples of word pairs that are antonyms, such as speedily/plodding, ferocious/tame, hard/soft, immense/small, generous/miserly, affluent/impoverished, feeble/strong, noisy/relaxing, towering/short, permanent/unstable, plentiful/sparse, positive/negative, powerful/weak, praise/criticism, private/public, problem/solution, profit/loss, quality/inferiority, and random/specific. The document serves as a reference for some common antonym word pairs.
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This document discusses marketing channels and channel management. It defines marketing channels as sets of interdependent organizations that make a product available for use. Channels perform important functions like information gathering, stimulating purchases, negotiating prices, ordering, financing inventory, storage, and payment. Channel design considers customer expectations, objectives, constraints, alternatives that are evaluated. Channel management includes selecting, training, motivating, and evaluating channel members. Channels are dynamic and can involve vertical, horizontal, and multi-channel systems. Conflicts between channels must be managed to balance cooperation and competition.
Mm unit 4point3
The document discusses integrated marketing communication and its various elements. It defines integrated marketing communication as combining different communication modes like advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct marketing to provide a complete communication portfolio to audiences. It also discusses the communication process and how each element of the marketing mix communicates to customers. The document provides details on the key components of an integrated marketing communication mix and how it can be used to build brand equity.
Mm unit 3point2
Pricing is a key element in determining the profitability and success of a business. The price must be set correctly - if too high, demand may decrease and the product may be priced out of the market, but if too low, revenue may not cover costs. Pricing strategies should consider the product lifecycle stage, costs, competitors, and demand factors. Common pricing methods include penetration pricing for new products, market skimming for premium products, value pricing based on perceived worth, and cost-plus pricing which adds a markup to costs. Price affects demand through price elasticity, with elastic demand more sensitive to price changes.
Mm unit 3point1
The document discusses various aspects of branding such as definitions of a brand, brand positioning, brand name selection, brand sponsorship, brand development strategies like line extensions and brand extensions, challenges in branding, importance of packaging, labeling, and universal product codes. It provides examples of well-known brands and analyzes their branding strategies. The key points covered are creating emotional value for customers, building relationships and loyalty, using brands to project aspirational lifestyles and values to command premium prices.
Mm unit 2point2
This document outlines the key stages in the new product development (NPD) process. It begins with generating ideas for new products, which can come from internal or external sources. Ideas are then screened using criteria like market size and development costs. Successful concepts are developed and test marketed to customers. If testing goes well, the product proceeds to commercialization with a full market launch. The NPD process helps companies focus their resources on projects most likely to be rewarding and brings new products to market more quickly. It describes common challenges in NPD like defining specifications and managing resources and timelines, and how to overcome them through planning and cross-functional involvement.
Mm unit 2 point 1
A product is an item offered for sale that can be physical or virtual. It has a life cycle and may need to be adapted over time to remain relevant. A product needs to serve a purpose, function well, and be effectively communicated to users. It also requires a name to help it stand out.
A product hierarchy has multiple levels from core needs down to specific items. These include the need, product family, class, line, type, and item or stock keeping unit.
Products go through a life cycle with stages of development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Marketing strategies must adapt to each stage such as heavy promotion and price changes in introduction and maturity.
Mm unit 1point3
This document discusses barriers between marketing researchers and managerial decision makers. It identifies three types of barriers: behavioral, process, and organizational. Specific behavioral barriers discussed include confirmatory bias, the difficulty balancing creativity and data, and the newcomer syndrome. Process barriers include unsuccessful problem definition and research rigidity. Organizational barriers include misuse of information asymmetries. The document also discusses ethical issues in marketing research such as deceptive practices, invasion of privacy, and breaches of confidentiality.
Mm unit 1point2
The document discusses best practices for organizing, writing, and presenting a marketing research report. It provides guidance on structuring the report with appropriate headings, formatting the introduction and conclusion/recommendation sections, effectively utilizing visuals like tables and graphs, and tips for an ethical and impactful oral presentation of the findings. The goal is to clearly communicate the research results and insights to the client to inform their decision-making.
Mm unit 1point1
This document discusses marketing research and its key steps and methods. Marketing research involves collecting, analyzing and communicating information to make informed marketing decisions. There are 5 key steps in marketing research: 1) define the problem, 2) collect data, 3) analyze and interpret data, 4) reach a conclusion, 5) implement the research. Common data collection methods include interviews, surveys, observations, and experiments. The data is then analyzed using statistical techniques like frequency, percentages, and means to interpret the findings and their implications for marketing decisions.
Bdft ii, tmt, unit-iii, dyeing & types of dyeing,
Dyeing is a method of imparting color to textiles by applying dyes. There are two major types of dyes - natural dyes extracted from plants/animals/minerals and synthetic dyes made in a laboratory. Dyes can be applied at different stages of textile production from fibers to yarns to fabrics to finished garments. Common dyeing methods include stock dyeing, yarn dyeing, piece dyeing, and garment dyeing. Proper dye and method selection are needed for good colorfastness.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.4 publicrevenue-presentation-130208082149-phpapp02
The government requires public revenue to fund its political, social, and economic activities. There are three main sources of public revenue: tax revenue, non-tax revenue, and capital receipts. Tax revenue is collected through direct taxes like income tax, which are paid directly to the government, and indirect taxes like sales tax, where the burden can be shifted to other parties. Non-tax revenue sources include profits from public enterprises, railways, postal services, and the Reserve Bank of India. While taxes provide wide coverage and influence production, they can also reduce incentives to work and increase inequality.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.3 public expenditure
Public expenditure has increasingly grown over time to fulfill three main roles: protecting society, protecting individuals, and funding public works. The growth can be attributed to several causes like increased income, welfare state ideology, effects of war, increased resources and ability to finance expenditures, inflation, and effects of democracy, socialism, and development. There are also canons that govern public spending like benefits, economy, and approval by authorities. The effects of public expenditure include impacts on consumption, production through efficiency, incentives and allocation, and distribution of resources.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.2 public finance
Public finance involves the taxing and spending activities of government. It focuses on the microeconomic functions of government and examines taxes and spending. Government ideology can view the community or individual as most important. In the US, the federal government has more spending flexibility than states. Government spending has increased significantly as a percentage of GDP from 1929 to 2001. Major items of federal spending have shifted from defense to entitlements like Social Security and Medicare. Revenues mainly come from individual income taxes, payroll taxes, and corporate taxes at the federal level and property, sales, and income taxes at the state and local levels.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-4.1 introduction
This document provides an overview of public finance. It defines public finance as the study of how governments raise money through taxes and spending, and how these activities affect the economy. It discusses why public finance is needed to provide public goods and services, redistribute wealth, and correct issues like pollution. The key aspects of public finance covered are government spending, revenue sources like income taxes, and how fiscal policy around spending and taxation can influence economic performance.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3.3 inflation
The document discusses the classical theory of inflation and how it relates to money supply. It states that inflation is defined as a rise in the overall price level in an economy. The quantity theory of money explains that inflation is primarily caused by increases in the money supply as controlled by the central bank. When the money supply grows faster than the amount of goods and services, it leads to too much money chasing too few goods and a rise in prices, or inflation. The document also notes that hyperinflation, which is a very high rate of inflation, can occur when governments print too much money to fund spending.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3.2 introduction to macro economics
This document provides an introduction to macroeconomics. It defines macroeconomics as the study of national economies and the policies that governments use to affect economic performance. It discusses key issues macroeconomists address such as economic growth, business cycles, unemployment, inflation, international trade, and macroeconomic policies. It also outlines different macroeconomic theories including classical, Keynesian, and unified approaches.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3.1 marketstructure
Market structure identifies how a market is composed in terms of the number of firms, nature of products, degree of monopoly power, and barriers to entry. Markets range from perfect competition to pure monopoly based on imperfections. The level of competition affects consumer benefits and firm behavior. While models simplify reality, they provide benchmarks to analyze real world situations, where regulation may influence firm actions.
Bsc agri 2 pae u-3 perfect-competition
This document discusses the concept of perfect competition in economics. It defines perfect competition as a market with many small firms, identical products, free entry and exit of firms, and complete information. The document outlines the key features of perfect competition including: a large number of buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, no barriers to entry or exit, and profit maximization by firms. It also discusses the short run and long run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm, including cases where firms experience super normal profits, normal profits, or losses.
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- 1. English grammar fundamEntals-ii Course: BBA Sem. II Subject: ECLS Unit: II Antonyms 1
- 2. What are Antonyms? Antonyms are words which have almost opposite meanings. Most words can have one or more antonyms.
- 3. The bus goes speedily. The turtle is plodding. Antonyms
- 4. The ferocious bull is angry. The bird is tame. Antonyms
- 5. The hard rocks were by the beach. The pillow was soft. Antonyms
- 6. The hippopotamus is immense. The mouse is small. Antonyms
- 7. The generous man gave his money away to the poor. At the beginning, Scrooge was miserly. Antonyms
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- 9. The old dog is feeble. The giant insect is strong. Antonyms
- 10. Antonyms
- 11. The tractor’s noise hurt our ears. The silence was relaxing. Antonyms
- 12. Antonyms
- 13. The dinosaur is towering. The boy is short. Antonyms
- 14. Antonyms
- 15. Antonyms
- 16. •Permanent – Unstable •Plentiful – Sparse •Positive – Negative •Powerful – Weak •Praise – Criticism •Private – Public •Problem – Solution •Profit – Loss •Quality – Inferiority •Random – Specific These are some of the Antonyms.
- 17. References 1. http://www.englishleap.com/vocabulary/antonym 2. http://www.google.co.in/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F %2Fclassroom.jc-schools.net%2Fwaltkek %2Fantonyms.ppt&ei=xLyrVL6iIcOxuASEjYLICQ&usg=AFQjCNE72U9r3H6s0b9C ezeBFU5WsOQxsg&sig2=IAnhIG8n6Dn2rdA56yvIjQ&bvm=bv.82001339,d.c2E 3. http://www.google.co.in/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&ved=0CEcQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F %2Fwww.africanafrican.com%2Ffolder16%2Falot%2520more%2520of%2520african %2520%26%2520african%2520american%2520history21%2Fmisc1%2Fsynonym-or- antonym- examples.pptx&ei=5sKrVOXuAsqJuASq14HYCQ&usg=AFQjCNFhL9xq82tT- tMQxKbaElrtJJYxgQ&sig2=yjgzIFZAOAQ0XBKqa9XHAg&bvm=bv.82001339,d.c2 E
- 18. Than you