The document provides an overview of common types of grammatical errors involving modifiers: 1) Parallelism errors occur when grammatically different components are used in a list. 2) Dangling modifiers are phrases that do not logically modify any words in the sentence. 3) Squinting modifiers are words placed ambiguously to modify a preceding or following word. 4) Misplaced modifiers are words or phrases improperly separated from the words they modify, causing sentences to sound awkward or illogical. Examples of each type of error are given.

1. Presentation skills:
Topic: An overview of Parallelism, Dangling, Squinting
modifiers and Mis-placement.
Modifiers

2. PARALLELISM:
• Definition :
“Parallelism the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same;
or similar in their construction, sound or meaning”.
• Examples:
1. Sana loves dancing, singing and to swim.
• Sana loves dancing, singing and Swimming.
2. She is a nice, beautiful , intelligent but cowardly.
• She is a nice, beautiful, intelligent but coward. .

3. DANGLING :
• Definition :
“A dangling modifier; is a phrase or clause that does not logically
modified any of the words in
A sentence in which it appears”.
• Although most commonly found at the beginning of the sentence, the
dangling modifier
may be located at the end of the sentence as well.

4. EXAMPLES:
1. Swimming into the lake; the water grew cold. (Dangling)
• Swimming into the lake, I felt the water grew cold. (Anti dangling)
2. Climbing up the mountain, my camera fell down. (Dangling)
• As I was climbing up the mountain ;my camera fell down. (Anti
dangling)

5. SQUINTING MODIFIERS:
• Definition :
“A word /phrase placed in a position so that it modifies either a proceeding
Word or the word after it ; is known as Squinting modifiers”.
• Examples:
1. Writing essays frequently will polished the writing ability.
• Writing esaays will frequently polish the writing ability.
2. The child who lies in nine cases out of ten is frightened.
• The child who lies in nine out of ten cases is frightened.

6. MISPLACED MODIFIERS :
• Definition
“A misplaced modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that is improperly separated from
the word it modifies / describes. Because of the separation, sentences with this error often
sound awkward, ridiculous, or confusing. Furthermore, they can be downright illogical”.
• Example:
1. I need also your advice.
• I also need your advice.
2. This will only take 5 minutes.
• This will take only 5 minutes.