Ideal for learning the basics of java, and can also be used as a school project for class 10 and 12. The document contains illustrative pictures, and carefully selected information to make the basics of java strong. Pls ignore small spelling mistakes made.
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is an incremented version of C with classes added. Some key differences between C and C++ are that C++ uses object-oriented programming with classes that can contain both data and functions, while C focuses more on procedures/functions and allows any function to access data. The document then discusses the basic concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ including classes, objects, polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, and data abstraction. It provides examples of classes, objects, reference variables, default arguments, and dynamic memory allocation in C++.
The document discusses key aspects of the Java class library including documentation, interfaces, implementations, access modifiers, and common classes. It provides examples of using library classes like Random and maps. It emphasizes the importance of understanding library documentation and being able to use classes from documentation without seeing implementations.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to packages, interfaces, and their implementation in Java. It defines what packages and interfaces are, how to create and access packages, differences between classes and interfaces, how to define and implement interfaces, and examples of applying packages and interfaces in Java code.
The document discusses object orientation and compares procedural and object-oriented programming. It defines key concepts in object-oriented programming like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also provides an example of a local class in ABAP with methods to retrieve and display data from database tables.
C++ Object oriented concepts & programmingnirajmandaliya
This document discusses various C++ concepts related to functions and operators. It defines what a default pointer is and how it receives addresses passed to a called function. It also discusses reference variables, inline functions, friend functions, default arguments, passing objects as parameters, function overloading, static members, function pointers, and operator overloading. It provides examples and explanations for each concept.
Interfaces allow classes to represent polymorphic types across inheritance trees without multiple inheritance. A class implements an interface using the implements keyword and must define all interface methods but interfaces contain no code, only public static final attributes. Common uses of interfaces include code reuse through polymorphism and marker interfaces as flags for the JVM.
Top 20 c# interview Question and answersw3asp dotnet
This presentation contains interview question and answers . www.w3asp.net provide you the information, knowledge, job, practices and tranings regarding asp.net.
C++ is an object-oriented programming language that is an incremented version of C with classes added. Some key differences between C and C++ are that C++ uses object-oriented programming with classes that can contain both data and functions, while C focuses more on procedures/functions and allows any function to access data. The document then discusses the basic concepts of object-oriented programming in C++ including classes, objects, polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation, and data abstraction. It provides examples of classes, objects, reference variables, default arguments, and dynamic memory allocation in C++.
The document discusses key aspects of the Java class library including documentation, interfaces, implementations, access modifiers, and common classes. It provides examples of using library classes like Random and maps. It emphasizes the importance of understanding library documentation and being able to use classes from documentation without seeing implementations.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to packages, interfaces, and their implementation in Java. It defines what packages and interfaces are, how to create and access packages, differences between classes and interfaces, how to define and implement interfaces, and examples of applying packages and interfaces in Java code.
The document discusses object orientation and compares procedural and object-oriented programming. It defines key concepts in object-oriented programming like classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also provides an example of a local class in ABAP with methods to retrieve and display data from database tables.
C++ Object oriented concepts & programmingnirajmandaliya
This document discusses various C++ concepts related to functions and operators. It defines what a default pointer is and how it receives addresses passed to a called function. It also discusses reference variables, inline functions, friend functions, default arguments, passing objects as parameters, function overloading, static members, function pointers, and operator overloading. It provides examples and explanations for each concept.
Interfaces allow classes to represent polymorphic types across inheritance trees without multiple inheritance. A class implements an interface using the implements keyword and must define all interface methods but interfaces contain no code, only public static final attributes. Common uses of interfaces include code reuse through polymorphism and marker interfaces as flags for the JVM.
Top 20 c# interview Question and answersw3asp dotnet
This presentation contains interview question and answers . www.w3asp.net provide you the information, knowledge, job, practices and tranings regarding asp.net.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the need for OOP, defining classes and objects, class hierarchies and inheritance, method binding and overriding, exceptions, and abstraction mechanisms. The key concepts covered are objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
The document discusses creating Java applications and applets using TextPad as an IDE. It covers using TextPad features like the coding window and color coding. It also discusses important aspects of coding Java programs like using comments for documentation, specifying the public class header that matches the file name, and defining the main method header which is required for standalone applications. The class body is enclosed in curly braces and method headers specify modifiers, return types, names, and parameters.
Interfaces provide a common behavior that can be shared among multiple classes through implementation. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that are implemented by classes. Interfaces can contain constants, default methods, static methods, and nested types, but only default and static methods have method bodies. A class implements an interface to inherit its abstract methods. Unlike classes, interfaces cannot be instantiated, do not have constructors, and all methods are implicitly abstract and public.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in ABAP, including:
1. Classes define objects and contain components like attributes and methods. Objects are instances of classes.
2. Classes can be declared globally or locally. Global classes are stored centrally while local classes are defined within a program.
3. Key object oriented programming concepts like inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphism are explained with examples in ABAP.
4. An example program is provided to demonstrate creating a class to manage a bank account balance, with methods to set the balance, deposit amounts, and withdraw amounts.
This 3-day workshop on object-oriented ABAP in Hyderabad, India in February 2006 will cover object-oriented concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. The course will teach how to define classes and their components like attributes and methods in ABAP. It will also cover object-oriented features in ABAP like inheritance, polymorphism, and using events.
Java is an object-oriented programming language. Key aspects of Java include:
- It is platform independent and runs on a virtual machine.
- Programs are written in classes with methods. The main method is where execution begins.
- Common operations include accepting user input, printing output, and performing math functions.
- Java supports concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation.
- The language does not support pointers, structures or multiple inheritance.
Interfaces define methods that classes can implement. Classes implementing interfaces must define all interface methods. Interfaces can extend other interfaces, requiring implementing classes to define inherited methods as well. Interface variables are implicitly public, static, and final. A class can implement multiple interfaces and override methods with the same name across interfaces. Partial interface implementation requires the class to be abstract.
The document discusses key concepts of classes and objects in C# including defining classes, adding variables and methods, member access modifiers, creating objects, constructors, static members, private constructors, and indexers. It defines classes as user defined data types that can encapsulate data as fields and functions as methods. Objects are instances of classes that allow data and methods to be accessed. Constructors initialize objects, while static members are associated with the class rather than individual objects.
This document covers fundamentals of Java syntax, errors, and debugging. It discusses Java language elements like variables, data types, expressions, and methods. It also describes different types of errors like syntax errors and logic errors. Finally, it discusses graphics and GUIs, including drawing shapes and text using a coordinate system.
Interfaces in Java declare methods but do not provide method implementations. A class can implement multiple interfaces but extend only one class. Interfaces are used to define common behaviors for unrelated classes and allow classes to assume multiple roles. Nested interfaces group related interfaces and must be accessed through the outer interface or class.
An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines static constants and abstract methods. Interfaces are implemented by classes where they inherit the properties and must define the body of the abstract methods. Key points are:
- Interfaces can only contain abstract methods and static constants, not method bodies.
- Classes implement interfaces to inherit the properties and must define the abstract method bodies.
- An interface can extend other interfaces and a class can implement multiple interfaces.
The document contains summaries of various SQL concepts and interview questions. It defines the differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 data types, DROP and TRUNCATE commands, CROSS JOIN and NATURAL JOIN. It also summarizes query optimization, triggers, group functions, inserting NULL values, recursive stored procedures, executing dynamic SQL, aggregate and scalar functions, selecting unique records, fetching string characters, collation, auto-increment, and data warehouses.
The document contains interview questions and answers related to C# programming concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, structs, arrays, collections, exceptions, and more. Some key points:
- C# does not support multiple inheritance but interfaces can be used instead. Private variables are inherited but not accessible.
- The top .NET class is System.Object. String is immutable while StringBuilder allows mutable operations. Arrays store single data types and Clone vs CopyTo were explained.
- Abstract classes define methods that must be overridden, while interfaces only contain method signatures that must be implemented. Structs are value types stored on the stack.
- Virtual methods can be overridden, while override changes
This document provides a summary of questions for a C# interview. It includes general C# questions, class questions, method and property questions, events and delegates questions, XML documentation questions, debugging and testing questions, ADO.NET and database questions, and assembly questions. The author gathered these questions from various sources and their own experience, and is seeking feedback to improve or suggest new questions.
This document provides an introduction to classes and objects in C++. It defines key concepts like class, object, member functions, access specifiers, and arrays of objects. It also discusses defining objects of a class, accessing class members, passing objects as function arguments, and the differences between classes and structures in C++.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various object-oriented programming concepts in Delphi such as classes, objects, visibility of class members, inheritance, abstract classes, interfaces, constructors, virtual functions, polymorphism, late binding, encapsulation, properties, exceptions handling, and runtime type information (RTTI). It discusses these concepts through questions and answers. Key points covered include the relationship between classes and objects, differences between visibility levels of class members, how inheritance allows the creation of subclasses, rules around abstract classes and methods, limitations of interfaces, how to define and overload constructors and functions, use of virtual functions and polymorphism, and how RTTI is used.
This document provides an overview of common object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and interview questions. It discusses key OOP concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also explains common OOP-related interview questions on topics such as constructors, destructors, access modifiers, exception handling, and differences between abstract classes and interfaces. The document aims to help prepare for OOP-focused technical interviews.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various C# concepts including polymorphism, abstract methods, virtual methods, objects, classes, static methods, inheritance, virtual keyword, abstract classes, sealed modifiers, interfaces, pure virtual functions, access modifiers, reference types, overloading, overriding, encapsulation, arrays, array lists, hash tables, queues, stacks, early binding, late binding, sorted lists, and delegates. Key points covered include the differences between abstract and virtual methods, what defines a class versus an object, when to use static versus non-static methods, inheritance implementation in C#, and the purpose of interfaces.
Interface in java By Dheeraj Kumar Singhdheeraj_cse
In Java,
An interface is a way through which unrelated objects use to interact with one another.
Using interface, you can specify what a class must do, but not how it does it.
It is not a class but a set of requirements for classes that implement the interface.
The document discusses the key concepts of object-oriented programming including procedural vs object-oriented languages, classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. It provides examples and definitions for each concept. Some key points covered are:
- Procedure-oriented languages focus on steps/procedures while object-oriented languages focus on data security and hiding via encapsulation.
- The main features of OOP include objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing.
- A class is a user-defined data type that defines common properties and behaviors of objects.
- Encapsulation groups data and functions together in a class. Inheritance allows classes
These are some of the FAQ's that are asked in TCS NQT exam. By preparing these questions you can obtain good marks.
NOTE: These are FAQ's don't completely relay on it.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses the need for OOP, defining classes and objects, class hierarchies and inheritance, method binding and overriding, exceptions, and abstraction mechanisms. The key concepts covered are objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
The document discusses creating Java applications and applets using TextPad as an IDE. It covers using TextPad features like the coding window and color coding. It also discusses important aspects of coding Java programs like using comments for documentation, specifying the public class header that matches the file name, and defining the main method header which is required for standalone applications. The class body is enclosed in curly braces and method headers specify modifiers, return types, names, and parameters.
Interfaces provide a common behavior that can be shared among multiple classes through implementation. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that are implemented by classes. Interfaces can contain constants, default methods, static methods, and nested types, but only default and static methods have method bodies. A class implements an interface to inherit its abstract methods. Unlike classes, interfaces cannot be instantiated, do not have constructors, and all methods are implicitly abstract and public.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts in ABAP, including:
1. Classes define objects and contain components like attributes and methods. Objects are instances of classes.
2. Classes can be declared globally or locally. Global classes are stored centrally while local classes are defined within a program.
3. Key object oriented programming concepts like inheritance, abstraction, encapsulation and polymorphism are explained with examples in ABAP.
4. An example program is provided to demonstrate creating a class to manage a bank account balance, with methods to set the balance, deposit amounts, and withdraw amounts.
This 3-day workshop on object-oriented ABAP in Hyderabad, India in February 2006 will cover object-oriented concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. The course will teach how to define classes and their components like attributes and methods in ABAP. It will also cover object-oriented features in ABAP like inheritance, polymorphism, and using events.
Java is an object-oriented programming language. Key aspects of Java include:
- It is platform independent and runs on a virtual machine.
- Programs are written in classes with methods. The main method is where execution begins.
- Common operations include accepting user input, printing output, and performing math functions.
- Java supports concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation.
- The language does not support pointers, structures or multiple inheritance.
Interfaces define methods that classes can implement. Classes implementing interfaces must define all interface methods. Interfaces can extend other interfaces, requiring implementing classes to define inherited methods as well. Interface variables are implicitly public, static, and final. A class can implement multiple interfaces and override methods with the same name across interfaces. Partial interface implementation requires the class to be abstract.
The document discusses key concepts of classes and objects in C# including defining classes, adding variables and methods, member access modifiers, creating objects, constructors, static members, private constructors, and indexers. It defines classes as user defined data types that can encapsulate data as fields and functions as methods. Objects are instances of classes that allow data and methods to be accessed. Constructors initialize objects, while static members are associated with the class rather than individual objects.
This document covers fundamentals of Java syntax, errors, and debugging. It discusses Java language elements like variables, data types, expressions, and methods. It also describes different types of errors like syntax errors and logic errors. Finally, it discusses graphics and GUIs, including drawing shapes and text using a coordinate system.
Interfaces in Java declare methods but do not provide method implementations. A class can implement multiple interfaces but extend only one class. Interfaces are used to define common behaviors for unrelated classes and allow classes to assume multiple roles. Nested interfaces group related interfaces and must be accessed through the outer interface or class.
An interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that defines static constants and abstract methods. Interfaces are implemented by classes where they inherit the properties and must define the body of the abstract methods. Key points are:
- Interfaces can only contain abstract methods and static constants, not method bodies.
- Classes implement interfaces to inherit the properties and must define the abstract method bodies.
- An interface can extend other interfaces and a class can implement multiple interfaces.
The document contains summaries of various SQL concepts and interview questions. It defines the differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 data types, DROP and TRUNCATE commands, CROSS JOIN and NATURAL JOIN. It also summarizes query optimization, triggers, group functions, inserting NULL values, recursive stored procedures, executing dynamic SQL, aggregate and scalar functions, selecting unique records, fetching string characters, collation, auto-increment, and data warehouses.
The document contains interview questions and answers related to C# programming concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, structs, arrays, collections, exceptions, and more. Some key points:
- C# does not support multiple inheritance but interfaces can be used instead. Private variables are inherited but not accessible.
- The top .NET class is System.Object. String is immutable while StringBuilder allows mutable operations. Arrays store single data types and Clone vs CopyTo were explained.
- Abstract classes define methods that must be overridden, while interfaces only contain method signatures that must be implemented. Structs are value types stored on the stack.
- Virtual methods can be overridden, while override changes
This document provides a summary of questions for a C# interview. It includes general C# questions, class questions, method and property questions, events and delegates questions, XML documentation questions, debugging and testing questions, ADO.NET and database questions, and assembly questions. The author gathered these questions from various sources and their own experience, and is seeking feedback to improve or suggest new questions.
This document provides an introduction to classes and objects in C++. It defines key concepts like class, object, member functions, access specifiers, and arrays of objects. It also discusses defining objects of a class, accessing class members, passing objects as function arguments, and the differences between classes and structures in C++.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various object-oriented programming concepts in Delphi such as classes, objects, visibility of class members, inheritance, abstract classes, interfaces, constructors, virtual functions, polymorphism, late binding, encapsulation, properties, exceptions handling, and runtime type information (RTTI). It discusses these concepts through questions and answers. Key points covered include the relationship between classes and objects, differences between visibility levels of class members, how inheritance allows the creation of subclasses, rules around abstract classes and methods, limitations of interfaces, how to define and overload constructors and functions, use of virtual functions and polymorphism, and how RTTI is used.
This document provides an overview of common object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and interview questions. It discusses key OOP concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also explains common OOP-related interview questions on topics such as constructors, destructors, access modifiers, exception handling, and differences between abstract classes and interfaces. The document aims to help prepare for OOP-focused technical interviews.
The document provides definitions and explanations of various C# concepts including polymorphism, abstract methods, virtual methods, objects, classes, static methods, inheritance, virtual keyword, abstract classes, sealed modifiers, interfaces, pure virtual functions, access modifiers, reference types, overloading, overriding, encapsulation, arrays, array lists, hash tables, queues, stacks, early binding, late binding, sorted lists, and delegates. Key points covered include the differences between abstract and virtual methods, what defines a class versus an object, when to use static versus non-static methods, inheritance implementation in C#, and the purpose of interfaces.
Interface in java By Dheeraj Kumar Singhdheeraj_cse
In Java,
An interface is a way through which unrelated objects use to interact with one another.
Using interface, you can specify what a class must do, but not how it does it.
It is not a class but a set of requirements for classes that implement the interface.
The document discusses the key concepts of object-oriented programming including procedural vs object-oriented languages, classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and more. It provides examples and definitions for each concept. Some key points covered are:
- Procedure-oriented languages focus on steps/procedures while object-oriented languages focus on data security and hiding via encapsulation.
- The main features of OOP include objects, classes, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing.
- A class is a user-defined data type that defines common properties and behaviors of objects.
- Encapsulation groups data and functions together in a class. Inheritance allows classes
These are some of the FAQ's that are asked in TCS NQT exam. By preparing these questions you can obtain good marks.
NOTE: These are FAQ's don't completely relay on it.
INDUMATHY- UNIT 1 cs3391 oops introduction to oop and java.pptxIndu65
This document provides an introduction to Java programming language and some of its core concepts. It discusses:
- The origins and features of Java like being architecture neutral, robust, multithreaded, object-oriented, platform independent, simple and secure.
- Basic Java syntax including classes, objects, methods, and variables.
- Key object-oriented programming concepts in Java like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction.
- Examples of basic Java programs and code snippets demonstrating classes, objects, methods, variables and data types.
- Common programming structures in Java like control statements, operators, and constructors.
The document discusses various topics related to C programming language and C++. It begins by providing definitions for C language and describing its origins and widespread usage. It then lists different types of constants and instructions in C. Next, it defines pointers and compares arrays and pointers. The document also compares C and C++ and discusses differences between their features like inheritance, function overloading, and variable declaration. Finally, it covers additional C++ topics such as classes, structures, storage qualifiers, and virtual/friend classes.
EEE oops Vth semester viva questions with answerJeba Moses
1. An object is the basic unit of object-oriented programming and represents an instance of a class. Objects have unique names and can hold their own data.
2. A class defines a collection of similar objects. Instances are objects created from classes through a process called instantiation.
3. Object-oriented programming organizes programs around objects and a set of well-defined interfaces to access object data. Data is encapsulated within classes and accessed through member functions.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and the Java programming language. It discusses key OOP concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. It then describes how to write, compile and run a basic Java program. Key aspects of the Java language like classes, objects, methods and constructors are explained. The document also discusses how Java programs are executed using a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
The document provides an overview of the Samsung University Program and key concepts related to Java programming including:
1. Java is an object-oriented, platform independent programming language that is robust, secure, and supports multithreading.
2. The key concepts of object-oriented programming in Java include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
3. Java applications are compiled into bytecode that can run on any system with a Java Virtual Machine, allowing programs to be "write once, run anywhere."
Object-Oriented Programming with Java UNIT 1SURBHI SAROHA
This document provides an introduction and syllabus for an Object-Oriented Programming with Java course. The syllabus covers key Java concepts like keywords, variables, data types, operators, decision making, classes, objects, methods, inheritance, and arrays. It also describes the importance and features of Java, including being platform independent, secure, portable, robust, and high performance. The document includes code examples for a first Java program and demonstrates various operators.
This document provides an overview of key object-oriented programming concepts in Java including classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction, interfaces, exception handling, and static methods. It includes examples of defining classes with properties and methods, creating objects, and using inheritance. Specific concepts like method overloading, overriding, and exception handling are demonstrated through code examples. The document also discusses data types, control statements, and static methods in Java.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts. It describes key object oriented programming concepts like encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and message passing. It also discusses benefits of object oriented programming like modularity, reusability and extensibility. Some disadvantages discussed are compiler overhead, runtime overhead and need for reorientation of developers to object oriented thinking. The document also covers C++ programming concepts like data types, control flow, functions, arrays, strings, pointers and storage classes.
Team Quadra presented on object-oriented programming concepts in Java, including abstraction, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. The team members are Nafiz Ar Rafi, Shohana Iasmin, MD. Maruf Hossain, Sinthia Sayeed, and Rokonuzzaman Razu. Examples were provided to demonstrate each OOP concept in Java code. Access modifiers and their usage were also discussed along with constructors and static variables.
This document provides an overview of the C++ programming language, including its history, features, and key concepts. It discusses how C++ extends the C language and is an intermediate-level language that incorporates both high-level and low-level features. The document also outlines important C++ concepts like object-oriented programming, data types, operators, variables, classes, and control structures. It provides examples and definitions of objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and other fundamental OOP concepts.
This document provides information about various programming concepts through a series of questions and answers. It discusses the differences between C and Java, data types and storage classes in C, static variables, printing addresses, macros, pass by value vs reference, objects, classes, pointers, null vs void pointers, function overloading, operator overloading, friend functions, inline functions, abstract classes, realloc vs free, arrays vs lists, data structures, inheritance advantages, database integrity rules, deadlocks and prevention, sorting algorithms, doubly linked lists, data abstraction levels with examples, command line arguments, macro advantages, variable number function header, cache memory, debuggers, const pointers, memory alignment, new vs new operator, delete vs delete[], conversion
Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET or VB .NET) is a version of Microsoft's Visual Basic that was designed, as part of the company's .NET product group, to make Web services applications easier to develop.
Data Structure Interview Questions & AnswersSatyam Jaiswal
Practice Best Data Structure Interview Questions & Answers for the best preparation of the Data Structure Interview. These Interview Questions are very popular and asked various times to Data Structure Interveiw.
This document provides an overview of key concepts covered in the Sun Certified Java Programmer (SCJP) 1.4 exam, including:
- Arrays in Java - how to declare, construct, initialize, and access array elements.
- Class modifiers like public, private, protected that restrict access, and final that prevents subclassing. Method and variable modifiers like static, abstract, synchronized are also discussed.
- Constructors - how they are invoked using this() and super(), default constructors, and cases where a default constructor is not provided by the compiler.
The document gives examples of each concept and is intended to help readers prepare for the SCJP certification exam by learning about its main objectives
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts and Java programming. It discusses key OOP concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. It then covers the history and development of Java, describing how it was initially created at Sun Microsystems in the 1990s to be a platform-independent language for programming consumer electronics. The document outlines some of Java's key features like being simple, secure, portable, robust, and architecture-neutral. It also discusses Java's object-oriented nature and support for multithreading.
Introduction to OOPS : Problems in procedure oriented approach, Features of Object Oriented
Programming System, Object creation, Initializing the instance variable, Constructors.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, encapsulation, classes, objects, methods, constructors, inheritance, polymorphism, and interfaces. It explains that classes act as blueprints for objects, describing their data and behaviors. Objects are instances of classes that have state stored in attributes and behaviors defined by methods. Key features of OOP like inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism are discussed at a high level.
This document provides an overview of advanced Java programming concepts covered in the unit, including object-oriented programming, data types, variables, arrays, operators, inheritance, and control statements. It defines key concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, polymorphism, and inheritance. For data types, it covers primitive types like int, float, boolean and char, as well as arrays. Operators covered include unary, arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators. The document also discusses variables, arrays, and control statements like selection, iteration, and jump statements.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Basics of Java
1. Page 1 of 22
COMPUTER PROJECT
Created By: Prarabdh Garg
Standard: X-A
Roll Number: 9
Topic: A program on Cricket
2. Page 2 of 22
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Prarabdh Garg of class X has
successfully completed a project on the topic “A
program on cricket” prescribed by Mrs. Vaishali
Bhirud, during the academic session 2015-16 as per the
guideline issues by Indian Certificate of Secondary
Education.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
3. Page 3 of 22
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, Prarabdh Garg, would like to extend my heartfelt
gratitude towards my computer teacher, and my principal for
givingme anopportunitytowork on thisproject. Thisproject not
only helped me unleash many new horizons in the field of
programing, but also helped me in knowing more about the
subject.
I would also like to thank my parents and my friends who
encouraged me towards working on this project and to do my
best. It wasonlybecause of them that I wasableto complete this
project with wonderful learning.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
4. Page 4 of 22
CONTENTS
I. Object Oriented Programing Concepts
II. Introductionto a Class
III. Functions
IV. Constructors
V. Class as A User Defined Type
VI. Decision Making
VII. Iterations
VIII. Using Library Classes
IX. Encapsulation
X. Arrays
XI. Input/output
XII. The program on cricket
XIII. The Output
5. Page 5 of 22
Object Oriented Programing Concepts
here are two ways of organizing a program.
One is around the approach, known as the
process oriented model. The other way is
around its data, and is known as the Object Oriented
Model. Java is an Object oriented model, in which
objects can be considered as a partitioned area of
the computer memory to store and access data.
OBJECTS
An object is a software bundle of variables and
related methods. They have a state and a
behavior, and resemble real-world objects. The
state and behavior of objects are expressed in
the form of variables and methods.
T
6. Page 6 of 22
CLASS
A class is a prototype which defines the variables
and methods common to all objects of a certain
kind.
7. Page 7 of 22
INTRODUCTION TO A CLASS
s we know, Java is an Object Oriented
Program, made up of several basic elements.
These are:
Whitespaces: There are no special indentation
rules in Java.
Identifiers: Symbolic names used for various
data items in a program.
Keywords: Reserved words which convey a
special meaning to the compiler
Constants: A data item whose value cannot be
changed throughout the program. They are also
known as literals
Comments: Remarks from a programmer which
are ignored by the compiler.
A
8. Page 8 of 22
Operators: A symbol or a letter which makes the
compiler perform specific operations on
operands in a program.
OPERATORS
Arithmetic
Binary Unary
Relational Logical Assignment Tertiary
9. Page 9 of 22
1-Everyone canaccess 2-Name of the class 3-Cannotbe accessedwithoutobject
4-Noreturn type 5-Functiontoprinta statement
6-What to print 7-To terminate astatement
11. Page 11 of 22
FUNCTIONS
unctions are sub-programs within the main
program, whose main function is to process
and return data. The syntax for defining a
function is:
[Access specifier][Static][return type] name of
program(parameters)
{
//Body of the function
}
Classification of Functions
1. Predefined functions: These are functions
which are already available with the java
package and can be used by importing the
package.
F
12. Page 12 of 22
2. User defined Functions: These are functions
defined by the user within the program to
perform a particular task.
3. Pure Functions: These are functions generally
contain a return statement, and their main use is
to provide or print values. They do not
manipulate the values.
4. Impure Functions: These are functions which
manipulate the data and also provides the new
values to the program.
Overloading Functions
The process of having two or more functions with the
same name but different parameter declaration is
known as function overloading. Function
overloading is one of the ways in which java
implements polymorphism. The number and types
of arguments passed are used to decide which
function would be invoked.
THE ‘this’ KEYWORD
The ‘this’ keyword can be used inside any method
to refer to the current object.
13. Page 13 of 22
CONSTRUCTORS
ava allows objects to initialize themselves when
they are created. This automatic initialization of
objects during their creation is done by a special
function of the class called constructor.
The syntax for defining a constructor is:
classname()
{
statements;
}
Characteristics of constructors
1. Every constructor has the same name as that of
the class.
2. It has no return type, but can accept arguments
3. A class can have more than 1 constructor.
4.Default constructors don’t accept parameters
J
14. Page 14 of 22
Types of constructors
1.Parameterized Constructor: Constructors that
can take arguments are known as parameterized
constructors.
2. Copy Constructor: When we create a new
object with the same state as that of another
object, a copy constructor is created.
3. Default Constructor: This constructor is one
which cannot take any arguments, and its only
function is to set the values to null.
15. Page 15 of 22
CLASS AS A USER DEFINED CLASS
Wrapper Classes
rapper classes form a part of standard
library of Java.lang package which
provides many methods to help
manipulate primitive data types.
The chief wrapper classes with their functions are:
1. Integer class(Integer.): parseInt(), valueOf(),
toBinaryString(), toOctalString(), toHexString(),
toString()
2. Character class(Character.): isLowerCase(),
isUpperCase(), isDigit(), isLetter(),
isWhitespace(), toUpperCase(), toLowerCase()
3. Double class(Double.): parseDouble(),
toString() , valueOf()
W
16. Page 16 of 22
DESCISION MAKING
t may be required in a program to cause the flow
of execution not to advance in linear sequence,
but branch to some statement, based on changes
to the state of a program. These can be catagorised
as selection, iteration and jump.
Selection Statements
Selection statements allow the selective execution of
statements, enabling decision and subsequent
selection of some of the several possible actions.
Some of the selection statements are:
If switch case
if-else ternary operator
if-else-if
I
17. Page 17 of 22
ITERATONS
terations or loops help in repeatedly executing a
set of statements, until a termination condition is
met. The two types of loops are:
1. Entry Control: In these loops, the test
expression if first checked, and then the
statements are evaluated.
2. Exit control: In these loops, the statements are
executed, and then the test expression is
checked. The minimum number of iterations is
one.
The three main loops, which are the most widely
used are:
1. For Loop(Entry Control)
2. While Loop(Entry Control)
3. Do while Loop(Exit Control)
I
18. Page 18 of 22
USING LIBRARY CLASSES
he built-in functions which are used by the
programmer are stored in their respective
classes, present in their respective packages.
These functions provide the basic functionality of
Java.
Methods in String class
The methods that are present in the String class
helps in manipulating String data in many ways.
Some of the methods that are present include
length(), trim(), charAt(), equals(),
equalsIgnoreCase(), and may others.
Methods in Math class
The methods that are present in the Math class helps
the programmer to use complicated maths problems
simple. It includes random(), ciel(), floor(), round(),
toRadians(), along with many other methods.
T
19. Page 19 of 22
ENCAPSULATION
ncapsulation is an OOP principle the binds the
code and data, keeping it safe from outside
access and misuse. It acts like a protective
covering that prevents the code from being accessed
from outside.
Inheritance
Inheritance is another basic OOP principle, which
enables one class to acquire attributes and behavior
from its super class.
The three types of inheritance are:
1.Simple Inheritance
2.Hierarchical Inheritance
3.Multi-level Inheritance
E
20. Page 20 of 22
ARRAYS
n array can be defined as a set of homologous
data elements sorted in a contiguous
memory location. A specific element in an
array can be accessed by its index. The first element
has the index 0, and it increases by one for each
subsequent element.
Creating an array
To create an array, the syntax is:
Datatype [] variable name=new data type[array size]
As with declarations for variables of other types, the
declaration of an array variable does not allocate any
memory to contain the array elements. We must
assign a value to the array variable before the name
of the variable refers to a memory location.
A
21. Page 21 of 22
INPUT / OUTPUT
ava employs the notion of a stream as an
abstraction for all possible data sources. A
stream might be receiving bytes from or sending
bytes to a file, a String object, a keyboard, etc. The
main characteristics of a stream are:
Sequence of bytes
Contain either binary or character data
For reading, an input stream is used
For writing, an output stream is used
If a stream has buffer memory, it is known as
Buffer Stream
The two main types of streams that are used are:
1.Bytes Stream: This stream takes the input or
displays the output in a package of 8 bits, or a
byte.
2. Character Stream: This stream takes the input,
or shows the output through characters.
J
22. Page 22 of 22
BIBLOGRAPHY
Books:
1.Total Computers for class X
2.Understanding Computers class X
Websites:
1. www.javapoint.com
2. www.tutorialpoint.com
3.www.wikipedia.com