Basics of Computer Hardwares.. JANGID ML

 Computer is an electronic
device. It consist
hardware & software .
Problems given through
input devices & produce
result through display &
printouts.
 Types-
 Size - micro, mini,
mainframe & super
 Signal – analog , digital &
hybrid
 eg.- PC, desktop, laptop,
notebook, tablet etc.

jangidml@rediff.com 2

 CPU- microprocessor
 Input devices
 Output devices


 Mother Board
 CPU
 RAM
 Hard disk -HD
 Floppy disc -FD
 Fan
 SMPS


 Motherboard is a
circuit
board, main part
in the cabinet &
have various slots
for CPU, memory
card, HD,FD, Displ
ay , Graphic etc.


 Central Microprocessor
Unit is brain of computer.
CPU consist CU,ALU &
memory units.
 Speed – clock speed in
GHz
 Makers-
Intel(Pentium,celeron,i3,i7),
AMD (Athlon, Piledriver)
etc.
 1969,Intel’s Victor Poor,
developed first single chip
microprocessor , known as
the 4004.It was a 4-bit CPU
.

 Input units for input the
order to CPU for a task.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Mic
 CD
 DVD etc.


 Alphabet keys
 Numerical keys
 Functional keys
 Special keys
 Standard keys -104
 Herman Hollerith : first
keypunch device

 Types -
 Mechanical &
Membrane
 Wired & Wireless
 QWERTY & Dvorak

 Types-
 Mechanical &
Optical
 Wired & Wireless
 Three Button – Left,
Right & Scroll
 Developed - 1984


 Mic is an input device for input through
voice. It is useful for call & video
chatting.


 Web cam , means
web camera, useful
in video call &
chatting on internet.
 Quality of photo
depends on pixel of
webcam
 Approximate 2 MP
useful in this works


 Output units display the performed
task by CPU
 CRT – cathode ray tube
LCD – Liquid crystal diode
LED – Light emitting diode
Plasma, Touch Screen etc
 Printer – DMP, MFP, Laser, Inkjet etc
 DVD,CD,Pen drive etc


 CRT- Cathode Ray Tube
 Electron/Cathode ray
strike on screen of CRT to
illuminate phosphor
coating.
 Quality of picture
depends on dot per inch
on screen, resolution,
color depth & size of
monitor.
 Types- monochrome,
color jangidml@rediff.com 14

 LCD – Liquid Crystal
Diode ( Indium-tin oxide)
kept between electrode
& polarized plate which
are at 90°
 Mirror on back side
 No current – no light
reflected by mirror.
 Current on electrode,
light blocked & image
appeared
 Type -Mono & color

 Laser printer based on laser
beam as head
 Beam focused on drum
assembly & charged with ion
 Toner powder stick on ionic
drum
 Paper rolled on drum ,powder
stick on paper
 Paper rolled through heater
for fixing image


 Dot matrix printer used
head with tiny hammer
to strike on paper with
carbon
 Head have 9 by 7
hammer
 Each character form
through 9x7 dot by
hammer
 Print -low in quality & low
cost

 Inkjet printer work with
jet of color
 Jet -small nozzle & spray
ink on paper
 RBG color make
colored print
 Non-impact


 Multi Function Printer
works as -
 Print
 Scan
 Fax
 Copy
 It is combines as
Laser printer ,scanner
,copier & fax
machine.

 Scanner works as
copier .
 It scan
document, Diagram
& Photo
 Use as OCR
 Quality – Pixel per
Inch
 Flatbed, barcode
reader ,hand held
scanner etc

 Speakers used for
output of sound eg.
song, bhajan, text to
read out etc.


 Primary & & temporary;
magnetic, optical & solid
state; removable & fixed
 Register in CPU, cache ,
RAM the other storage
devices –HD,DVD,SSD etc
 Units – Bit, Byte, MB,GB etc
 1 Byte = 8 Bit;
1KB=1024Byte;
1GB=1024x1024Byte.


 Mass storage magnetic
device
 Set of stacked disks
 Record by head on
concentric track further in
sector. Two head upper &
lower side of plat. To read /
write operation called
“seek”
 Speed – 4500 to 7200 rpm
 Access time – milliseconds
 Capacity – 300/500 GB,1TB

 ROM or BIOS or
CMOS

 Types of ROM-
 PROM
 EPROM
 EEPROM
 Flash ROM


 ROM-Read only
memory/ permanent
 RAM – Random
access memory /
temporary
 Slot –SIMM & DIMM
 Types of RAM-
DDR,SD,ECC,
RAMBUS,NV, SRAMS


 Cache memory –
primary memory
 Fast to retrieve
 A place for newest &
frequently operation
 Placed in CPU & RAM


 Flexible plastics disc
 Size – 3.5, 5.25 & 8 inch
 Memory – 1.44 MB
 Structure – Treks &
sectors
 Each sector – 512 MB
 Single & High density
 Format – first time to
write


 Optical media with
laser read-write
head
 Size – 12 cm in
diameter
 Speed up to 52x
 Memory – 700 MB
 Write – Land & Pit as
digit 1 & 0 signal
 Size of pit : 780 nm

 Optical media for
memory
 Read – Write head with
laser
 Digital format
 Bump & land – 650 nm
 Memory – SSSL 4.7
GB/DSSL 9.4 / DSDL
18.8 GB


 Optical media
 Digital memory
 Head – Blue laser
 Pit & land as digit 0 &
1
 Size of pit : 450 nm
 Memory – 25 GB


 CD – 780 NM / 700MB
Single side-only

 DVD – 650 NM / 4.7 GB
Double side -8.5 GB

 BD – 450 NM / 25 GB
Double side- 50 GB


 External Hard Disc
used for removable
& portable purpose
 Magnetic media for
memory
 Same mechanism as
Hard Disc
 Speed – 7200RPM
 Memory – 500 GB/ 1
TB


 Semi conductor
media for memory
 No mechanical part
 Memory – 8/16/32/64
GB low compare
with HD
 Easy to use & light
weight
 Costly


 Solid state device –
semi conductor
based memory units.
These are small in
size but much costly.
Used in Tab PC,
Camera, Mobile,
laptop etc.


 Pen or Thumb drive
are portable & useful
to carry data for
retrieve from laptop,
PC etc.

 Capacity –
2/4/8/18/32 GB


 UPS is Unirripted Power
Supply unit, Main
power supply for
Desktop PC. It connect
through AC & output
supply as stable DC
voltage.

 Laptop have battery
for stabilized power
supply

 MODEM : Modulation &
Demodulation device
 Device for access &
send data through
internet
 Internal & external
 Work through network
card(internal) in PC
 Router is a device
which acts as an
interface between two

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